Extremely Low Frequency (ELF) Communications Program in Wisconsin and Michigan PDF Download

Author: United States. Navy. Electronics Systems Command
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Communications, Military
Languages : en
Pages : 52

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Author: NAVAL ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS COMMAND WASHINGTON DC.
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 40

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Book Description
U.S. Navy communications with submarines will be improved by deploying a small, operational Extremely Low Frequency (ELF) communications system. This system will be attained by upgrading the existing ELF Communications Facility near Clam Lake, Wisconsin and building a second ELF Communications facility in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. The two facilities will be operated synchronously when completed and will transmit coded messages to ELF receiving systems installed on all submarines. This report identifies the work to be done to implement the ELF communications plan approved by the President.

Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 174

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Author: J. Zapotosky
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 57

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A long-term program for studying possible effects from operation of the Navy's ELF Communication System is being conducted on biota and ecosystems components in northwestern Wisconsin and the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. Sixteen general types of organisms from three major ecosystems in the ELF System are being examined. Formulation of an ELF Ecological Monitoring Program was completed in early 1982 by the Department of the Navy. Monitoring studies were selected through a peer-reviewed, competitive bidding process in mid-1982 and studies were initiated in the late summer. Major activities of the program during 1983 consisted of characterization of critical aspects of each study, collection of data to validate assumptions made in proposals, and selection of study sites. Progress is summarized for the 10 projects that comprise the Program. (Author).

Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 103

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The U.S. Navy initiated an ecological monitoring program in 1982 as a part of its environmental quality program for its extremely low frequency (ELF) radio transmitting stations in Wisconsin and-Michigan. Investigators have completed and reported work each year through 1991. This report describes 13 projects comprising the ecological monitoring program and the findings through 1991. Studies in Wisconsin have been completed, with no indications that ecological relationships have been influenced by electromagnetic fields produced by the ELF radio transmitter in that state. Studies in Michigan are continuing.

Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309055903
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 177

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Book Description
The U.S. Navy established an ecological monitoring program to determine whether electric and magnetic fields from extremely low frequency (ELF) communications systems influenced plant and animal populations near the transmitting facilities. Although some of the researchers believe that a few biological changes might have occurred, they concluded that the results do not indicate significant adverse ecological effects. This book evaluates the 11 ecological studies of the Navy's monitoring program and examines the adequacy of experimental design, the data collection and analysis, and the soundness of the conclusions. It also addresses whether the monitoring program was capable of detecting subtle effects due to ELF exposure and examines the biological changes observed by some program researchers, such as enhanced tree growth.

Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : ELF electromagnetic fields
Languages : en
Pages : 82

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Book Description

Author: David P. Haradem
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 284

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Book Description
A long-term program for studying possible effects from the operation of the Navy's ELF Communications System is being conducted on biota and ecosystems components in northwestern Wisconsin and the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. Sixteen general types of organisms from three major ecosystems in the ELF system area are being examined. Formulation of an ELF Ecological Monitoring Program was completed in early 1982 by the Department of the Navy, and studies were initiated in late summer of the same year. Beginning in 1983 and continuing during 1984, major activities of the program consisted of characterization of critical aspects of each study, collection of data to validate assumptions made in proposals, and selection of study sites. From 1985 through 1987, activities centered on the operation of full-scale studies. This report documents electromagnetic (EM) field measurements at investigator selected study sites from 1982 through 1987. Other engineering support activities are also described. Keywords: Radiation effects, Electromagnetic radiation, Extremely Low Frequency (ELF), Electromagnetic fields, Environmental studies, Ecology, ELF Communications system, ELF Ecological Monitoring Program. (kt).

Author:
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 105

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This study was designed to isolate effects of electromagnetic (EM) fields produced by extremely low frequency (ELF) antenna systems on bird species breeding in or migrating through Wisconsin. Specifically, the aim was to determine any differences in bird species richness and abundance between areas close to the antenna and those far enough away to be unaffected by the antenna. Characteristics examined included total species richness and abundance, abundance of common bird species, and abundance of birds within selected guilds. Measurements of vegetation identified differences and similarities between control and treatment areas. Habitat variables were used in analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) to compare numbers of abundant bird species in control versus treatment areas after adjustments for habitat differences. Extremely low frequency, Ecology, Electromagnetic fields, ELF Communications system, Environmental studies, ELF Ecological monitoring program.

Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 101

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Book Description
A long-term Ecological Monitoring Program is being conducted to monitor for possible effects from the operation of the U.S. Navy's ELF communications System to resident biota and their ecological relationships. Monitoring studies were selected through a peer reviewed, competitive bidding process in mid-1982, and work on most studies began in late summer of that year. Preliminary activities of the Program consisted of site selection, characterization of critical study aspects, and validation of assumptions made in original proposal. Subsequently, increasing emphasis has been placed on the collection of preoperational and operational data bases at the Michigan and Wisconsin Transmitting Facilities. The data bases are being used to make proposed spatial and/or temporal comparisons of biological and ecological variables. This report summarizes the progress of the Ecological Monitoring Program during 1988. Keywords: Extremely low frequency, Electromagnetic fields, Environmental studies, Ecology, ELF Communications system, ELF Ecological monitoring program.