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Author: Adam C. Errington Publisher: Springer ISBN: 149391426X Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 301
Book Description
GABA is the principal inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS and acts via GABAA and GABAB receptors. Recently, a novel form of GABAA receptor-mediated inhibition, termed “tonic” inhibition, has been described. Whereas synaptic GABAA receptors underlie classical “phasic” GABAA receptor-mediated inhibition (inhibitory postsynaptic currents), tonic GABAA receptor-mediated inhibition results from the activation of extrasynaptic receptors by low concentrations of ambient GABA. Extrasynaptic GABAA receptors are composed of receptor subunits that convey biophysical properties ideally suited to the generation of persistent inhibition and are pharmacologically and functionally distinct from their synaptic counterparts. This book highlights ongoing work examining the properties of recombinant and native extrasynaptic GABAA receptors and their preferential targeting by endogenous and clinically relevant agents. In addition, it emphasizes the important role of extrasynaptic GABAA receptors in GABAergic inhibition throughout the CNS and identifies them as a major player in both physiological and pathophysiological processes.
Author: Adam C. Errington Publisher: Springer ISBN: 149391426X Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 301
Book Description
GABA is the principal inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS and acts via GABAA and GABAB receptors. Recently, a novel form of GABAA receptor-mediated inhibition, termed “tonic” inhibition, has been described. Whereas synaptic GABAA receptors underlie classical “phasic” GABAA receptor-mediated inhibition (inhibitory postsynaptic currents), tonic GABAA receptor-mediated inhibition results from the activation of extrasynaptic receptors by low concentrations of ambient GABA. Extrasynaptic GABAA receptors are composed of receptor subunits that convey biophysical properties ideally suited to the generation of persistent inhibition and are pharmacologically and functionally distinct from their synaptic counterparts. This book highlights ongoing work examining the properties of recombinant and native extrasynaptic GABAA receptors and their preferential targeting by endogenous and clinically relevant agents. In addition, it emphasizes the important role of extrasynaptic GABAA receptors in GABAergic inhibition throughout the CNS and identifies them as a major player in both physiological and pathophysiological processes.
Author: Jeffrey Noebels Publisher: OUP USA ISBN: 0199746540 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 1258
Book Description
Jasper's Basic Mechanisms, Fourth Edition, is the newest most ambitious and now clinically relevant publishing project to build on the four-decade legacy of the Jasper's series. In keeping with the original goal of searching for "a better understanding of the epilepsies and rational methods of prevention and treatment.", the book represents an encyclopedic compendium neurobiological mechanisms of seizures, epileptogenesis, epilepsy genetics and comordid conditions. Of practical importance to the clinician, and new to this edition are disease mechanisms of genetic epilepsies and therapeutic approaches, ranging from novel antiepileptic drug targets to cell and gene therapies.
Author: Janko Samardzic Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand ISBN: 9535138219 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 139
Book Description
This book collates the contributions of a selected number of neuroscientists that are interested in the molecular, preclinical, and clinical aspects of neurotransmission research. The seven chapters in this book address the latest research/review data related to GABA/glutamate system's organization and function, the structure of receptors, subtypes and their ligands, as well as the translational approach and clinical implications. The book offers readers a rich collection of data regarding current and future applications of GABA and glutamate neurotransmission, including promising research strategies and potential clinical benefits.
Author: Salvatore J. Enna Publisher: Humana Press ISBN: 9781588298133 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 325
Book Description
The Gaba Receptors, Third Edition, presents a critical appraisal of our current understanding of the molecular, behavioral, biochemical, clinical, and pharmacological properties of GABA receptors. Emphasis is placed on exploring cutting-edge findings on the structureal properties of receptor sites, mechanisms of receptor expression, chemical agents that differentiate receptor subtypes, and phenotypes displayed by GABA receptor null mice. Chapters in this updated and expanded edition examine such topics as GABA receptor subypes, trafficking postsynaptic GABA receptors, GABA receptor mutations associated with idiopathic generalized epilepsies and febrile seizures, and GABA receptors as a potential therapeutic target.
Author: Jan Egebjerg Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 9780748408818 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 456
Book Description
The ubiquitous presence of glutamate and GABA receptors in the nervous system makes these receptor systems pivotal to our understanding of neurotransmission. Cloning of the molecular components of these receptor systems has provided insights to the selectivity of many drugs and detailed characterisation at the molecular level is emerging. Moreover, continuous development of novel and selective drugs has revealed detailed information on the mechanism of receptor activation and regulation. However, the rapid development of different aspects of glutamate and GABA receptor research makes it increasingly difficult to establish a general view of the field. Studies of the receptors are a multi-disciplinary task employing many specialised techniques. This book conveys recent discoveries in a framework of the basic concepts in the field of glutamate and GABA receptor research. Glutamate and GABA Receptors and Transporters: Structure, Function and Pharmacology is suitable for postgraduate students studying ligand gated channels but also beneficial for industrial and academic research scientists in both the glutamate and GABA field. Universities offering programs in neuroscience, molecular pharmacology or medicinal chemistry will find this a valuable reference.
Author: Wucheng Tao Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 73
Book Description
Classically, GABAB receptors regulate neurotransmission primarily through presynaptic mechanisms that inhibit neurotransmitter release, and thus inhibit GABAA receptor function. Many studies have shown that postsynaptic GABAB receptors have no direct functional effects on GABAA receptors. In this thesis, I describe novel results that indicate postsynaptic GABAB receptors activation enhances GABAA receptor function in dentate gyrus granule cells (DGGCs). During my early experiments on DGGCs, I made the surprising observation that inhibition of GABAB receptors reduced the amplitude of currents mediated by GABAA receptors. Intrigued by this exciting and unexpected result, I shifted my research to address the following three questions: 1) Do GABAB receptors regulate GABAA receptor function? 2) What are the molecular mechanisms responsible for enhancement of GABAA currents following GABAB receptor activation? and 3) What are the signaling pathways involved in this modulation? Based on these questions, I divide my thesis contents into four chapters. Chapter 1 presents an introductory review of GABAA receptors and GABAB receptors and a summary of my thesis. The main parts of this thesis with descriptions of results addressing the three questions above are presented in chapter 2 - 4: In chapter 2, I found that in dentate gyrus granule cells, postsynaptic GABAB receptor activation enhanced extrasynaptic GABAA receptor function with no effect on synaptic GABAA receptors. Specially, this modulation was cell type specific and only occurs in cell type with delta subunit-containing GABAA receptors. Also, this modulation did not occur at resting condition and required increase of ambient GABA concentration; in chapter 3, I found GABAB receptor activation increased surface expression of delta subunit-containing GABAA receptors with no change in its total protein expression or single channel conductance or channel kinetics of GABAA receptors; in chapter 4, I found that GABAB receptor modulation of GABAA receptors required two signaling pathways, one was mediated by PKA and other one was PKC; and these two signaling pathways worked in opposite directions to modulate surface expression of delta subunit-containing GABAA receptors and GABA currents. As DGGCs act as a gate for hippocampus to prevent excessive excitation inputs from entorhinal cortex, the mechanisms (enhancement of tonic inhibition by membrane trafficking of delta subunit-containing GABAA receptors) I found here maybe utilized by DGGCs to enhance their gating role.
Author: M. Endo Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 3642570836 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 674
Book Description
Cells maintain uneven distribution of Na, K and Ca ions across the cell membrane and membranes of intracellular organellae. Cells exert their functions by allowing for some ion to cross the membrane through ion channels which either produces an electrical effect across the membrane or switches on a series of chemical or physicochemical reactions. This is a comprehensive book about these vitally important ion channels with detailed description of the molecular structure and function and especially of activators and inhibitors. All chapters are written by renowned specialists in their field.
Author: Yogesh Dwivedi Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 143983881X Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 485
Book Description
With recent studies using genetic, epigenetic, and other molecular and neurochemical approaches, a new era has begun in understanding pathophysiology of suicide. Emerging evidence suggests that neurobiological factors are not only critical in providing potential risk factors but also provide a promising approach to develop more effective treatment and prevention strategies. The Neurobiological Basis of Suicide discusses the most recent findings in suicide neurobiology. Psychological, psychosocial, and cultural factors are important in determining the risk factors for suicide; however, they offer weak prediction and can be of little clinical use. Interestingly, cognitive characteristics are different among depressed suicidal and depressed nonsuicidal subjects, and could be involved in the development of suicidal behavior. The characterization of the neurobiological basis of suicide is in delineating the risk factors associated with suicide. The Neurobiological Basis of Suicide focuses on how and why these neurobiological factors are crucial in the pathogenic mechanisms of suicidal behavior and how these findings can be transformed into potential therapeutic applications.
Author: Adam C. Errington
Author: Adam C. Errington
Author: Jeffrey Noebels
Author: Ce Zhang
Author: Janko Samardzic
Author: Salvatore J. Enna
Author: Jan Egebjerg![GABA-B Receptors Regulate Extrasynaptic GABA-[subscript A] Receptors PDF](https://books.google.com/books/content/images/frontcover/ljNvrgEACAAJ?fife=w80-h100)
Author: Wucheng Tao
Author: M. Endo
Author: Sean Booth Christie
Author: Yogesh Dwivedi