Are you looking for read ebook online? Search for your book and save it on your Kindle device, PC, phones or tablets. Download External Cost of Leverage Adjustment PDF full book. Access full book title External Cost of Leverage Adjustment by Tae-Nyun Kim. Download full books in PDF and EPUB format.
Author: Tae-Nyun Kim Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 38
Book Description
This paper investigates the influence of external cost shock on the speed of adjustment (SOA) toward target capital structure. To look at the impact of an exogenous shock on the speed of adjustment, we employ mandatory contributions (MCs) of defined benefit (DB) pension plans as a measure of the external shock, and find a significant impact of MCs on SOA toward target leverage. This impact of MCs on SOA is negative and more significant for over-levered firms, whereas it is positive but less significant for under-levered firms. This result demonstrates that firms, especially over-levered firms, adjust to their target leverage actively rather than passively. Additionally, we show that this impact of MCs on SOA is heterogeneously determined for the firms with different levels of leverage volatility and managerial entrenchment. Our results are robust when using system GMM estimation to reduce the bias in estimation.
Author: Tae-Nyun Kim Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 38
Book Description
This paper investigates the influence of external cost shock on the speed of adjustment (SOA) toward target capital structure. To look at the impact of an exogenous shock on the speed of adjustment, we employ mandatory contributions (MCs) of defined benefit (DB) pension plans as a measure of the external shock, and find a significant impact of MCs on SOA toward target leverage. This impact of MCs on SOA is negative and more significant for over-levered firms, whereas it is positive but less significant for under-levered firms. This result demonstrates that firms, especially over-levered firms, adjust to their target leverage actively rather than passively. Additionally, we show that this impact of MCs on SOA is heterogeneously determined for the firms with different levels of leverage volatility and managerial entrenchment. Our results are robust when using system GMM estimation to reduce the bias in estimation.
Author: Christopher Parsons Publisher: Now Publishers Inc ISBN: 160198202X Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 107
Book Description
Empirical Capital Structure reviews the empirical capital structure literature from both the cross-sectional determinants of capital structure as well as time-series changes.
Author: Maurice Obstfeld Publisher: ISBN: Category : Balance of trade Languages : en Pages : 64
Book Description
"Gross stocks of foreign assets have increased rapidly relative to national outputs since 1990, and the short-run capital gains and losses on those assets can amount to significant fractions of GDP. These fluctuations in asset values render the national income and product account measure of the current account balance increasingly inadequate as a summary of the change in a country's net foreign assets. Nonetheless, unusually large current account imbalances, especially deficits, should remain high on policymakers' list of concerns, even for the richer and less credit-constrained countries. Extreme imbalances signal the need for large and perhaps abrupt real exchange rate changes in the future, changes that might have undesired political and financial consequences given the incompleteness of domestic and international asset markets. Furthermore, of the two sources of the change in net foreign assets -- the current account and the capital gain on the net foreign asset position -- the former is better understood and more amenable to policy influence. Systematic government attempts to manipulate international asset values in order to change the net foreign asset position could have a destabilizing effect on market expectations"--NBER website
Author: Nico Dewaelheyns Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 45
Book Description
The literature on capital structure dynamics assumes that companies trade-off the advantages of a leverage adjustment and its costs. In general, private companies are assumed to face relatively large adjustment costs, and should have lower financing flexibility. However, we argue that an important class of private companies - business group affiliates - may face relatively low adjustment costs because of their access to both internal and external capital markets and the beneficial reputation effects of belonging to a group. Our empirical results show significant differences in the composition of the capital structure and the leverage adjustment process between affiliates of private Belgian business groups and comparable stand-alone companies. Group affiliates have higher levels of leverage, and adjust their capital structure more frequently than stand-alones. Our evidence suggests that the flexibility in group companies' capital structure is not solely driven by the use of internal leverage: group affiliates more frequently adjust their external leverage as well, unless the group is in poor financial health, in which case the affiliates' probability of attracting external leverage is severely reduced.
Author: Benjamin M. Friedman Publisher: University of Chicago Press ISBN: 0226264238 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 404
Book Description
The research reported in this volume represents the second stage of a wide-ranging National Bureau of Economic Research effort to investigate "The Changing Role of Debt and Equity in Financing U.S. Capital Formation." The first group of studies sponsored under this project, which have been published individually and summarized in a 1982 volume bearing the same title (Friedman 1982), addressed several key issues relevant to corporate sector behavior along with such other aspects of the evolving financial underpinnings of U.S. capital formation as household saving incentives, international capital flows, and government debt management. In the project's second series of studies, presented at the National Bureau of Economic Research conference in January 1983 and published here for the first time along with commentaries from that conference, the central focus is the financial side of capital formation undertaken by the U.S. corporate business sector. At the same time, because corporations' securities must be held, a parallel focus is on the behavior of the markets that price these claims.
Author: Mr.Andre Santos Publisher: International Monetary Fund ISBN: 147551008X Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 43
Book Description
Staff Discussion Notes showcase the latest policy-related analysis and research being developed by individual IMF staff and are published to elicit comment and to further debate. These papers are generally brief and written in nontechnical language, and so are aimed at a broad audience interested in economic policy issues. This Web-only series replaced Staff Position Notes in January 2011.
Author: Mr.Michael Kumhof Publisher: International Monetary Fund ISBN: 1455210757 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 39
Book Description
The paper studies how high leverage and crises can arise as a result of changes in the income distribution. Empirically, the periods 1920-1929 and 1983-2008 both exhibited a large increase in the income share of the rich, a large increase in leverage for the remainder, and an eventual financial and real crisis. The paper presents a theoretical model where these features arise endogenously as a result of a shift in bargaining powers over incomes. A financial crisis can reduce leverage if it is very large and not accompanied by a real contraction. But restoration of the lower income group's bargaining power is more effective.
Author: Leslie Lipschitz Publisher: Cambridge University Press ISBN: 1108568467 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 312
Book Description
Understanding macroeconomic developments and policies in the twenty-first century is daunting: policy-makers face the combined challenges of supporting economic activity and employment, keeping inflation low and risks of financial crises at bay, and navigating the ever-tighter linkages of globalization. Many professionals face demands to evaluate the implications of developments and policies for their business, financial, or public policy decisions. Macroeconomics for Professionals provides a concise, rigorous, yet intuitive framework for assessing a country's macroeconomic outlook and policies. Drawing on years of experience at the International Monetary Fund, Leslie Lipschitz and Susan Schadler have created an operating manual for professional applied economists and all those required to evaluate economic analysis.
Author: Tae-Nyun Kim
Author: Tae-Nyun Kim
Author: Christopher Parsons
Author: Maurice Obstfeld
Author: Nico Dewaelheyns
Author: Ronald W. Masulis
Author: Reena Aggarwal
Author: Benjamin M. Friedman
Author: Mr.Andre Santos
Author: Mr.Michael Kumhof
Author: Leslie Lipschitz