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Author: Thomas G. McConkey Publisher: ISBN: Category : Quantum computing Languages : en Pages : 120
Book Description
Quantum computing architectures with ten or more quantum bits (qubits) have been implemented using trapped ions and superconducting devices. The next milestone in the quest for a quantum computer is the realization of quantum error correction codes. Such codes will require a large number of qubits that must be controlled and measured by means of classical electronics. This scaling up leads to a number of problems and sources of error that must be accounted for in order to have an operational system. One architectural aspect requiring immediate attention is the realization of a suitable interconnect between the quantum and classical hardware. Our proposed solution to this wiring problem is the quantum socket, a three-dimensional wiring method for qubits with superior performance as compared to two-dimensional methods based on wire bonding. The quantum socket also provides a means to counteract another scaling problem, the coupling of qubits to unwanted cavity modes resulting in coherent leakage error. By following our proposed wiring methodologies, half-wave fencing or antinode pinning, we show how the error due to leakage can be mitigated to orders of magnitude below current state-of-the-art error probabilities.
Author: Thomas G. McConkey Publisher: ISBN: Category : Quantum computing Languages : en Pages : 120
Book Description
Quantum computing architectures with ten or more quantum bits (qubits) have been implemented using trapped ions and superconducting devices. The next milestone in the quest for a quantum computer is the realization of quantum error correction codes. Such codes will require a large number of qubits that must be controlled and measured by means of classical electronics. This scaling up leads to a number of problems and sources of error that must be accounted for in order to have an operational system. One architectural aspect requiring immediate attention is the realization of a suitable interconnect between the quantum and classical hardware. Our proposed solution to this wiring problem is the quantum socket, a three-dimensional wiring method for qubits with superior performance as compared to two-dimensional methods based on wire bonding. The quantum socket also provides a means to counteract another scaling problem, the coupling of qubits to unwanted cavity modes resulting in coherent leakage error. By following our proposed wiring methodologies, half-wave fencing or antinode pinning, we show how the error due to leakage can be mitigated to orders of magnitude below current state-of-the-art error probabilities.
Author: Daniel D. Stancil Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 1119750725 Category : Computers Languages : en Pages : 388
Book Description
Explore the intersection of computer science, physics, and electrical and computer engineering with this discussion of the engineering of quantum computers In Principles of Superconducting Quantum Computers, a pair of distinguished researchers delivers a comprehensive and insightful discussion of the building of quantum computing hardware and systems. Bridging the gaps between computer science, physics, and electrical and computer engineering, the book focuses on the engineering topics of devices, circuits, control, and error correction. Using data from actual quantum computers, the authors illustrate critical concepts from quantum computing. Questions and problems at the end of each chapter assist students with learning and retention, while the text offers descriptions of fundamentals concepts ranging from the physics of gates to quantum error correction techniques. The authors provide efficient implementations of classical computations, and the book comes complete with a solutions manual and demonstrations of many of the concepts discussed within. It also includes: A thorough introduction to qubits, gates, and circuits, including unitary transformations, single qubit gates, and controlled (two qubit) gates Comprehensive explorations of the physics of single qubit gates, including the requirements for a quantum computer, rotations, two-state systems, and Rabi oscillations Practical discussions of the physics of two qubit gates, including tunable qubits, SWAP gates, controlled-NOT gates, and fixed frequency qubits In-depth examinations of superconducting quantum computer systems, including the need for cryogenic temperatures, transmission lines, S parameters, and more Ideal for senior-level undergraduate and graduate students in electrical and computer engineering programs, Principles of Superconducting Quantum Computers also deserves a place in the libraries of practicing engineers seeking a better understanding of quantum computer systems.
Author: Tzvetan S. Metodi Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 3031017188 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 147
Book Description
Quantum computation may seem to be a topic for science fiction, but small quantum computers have existed for several years and larger machines are on the drawing table. These efforts have been fueled by a tantalizing property: while conventional computers employ a binary representation that allows computational power to scale linearly with resources at best, quantum computations employ quantum phenomena that can interact to allow computational power that is exponential in the number of "quantum bits" in the system. Quantum devices rely on the ability to control and manipulate binary data stored in the phase information of quantum wave functions that describe the electronic states of individual atoms or the polarization states of photons. While existing quantum technologies are in their infancy, we shall see that it is not too early to consider scalability and reliability. In fact, such considerations are a critical link in the development chain of viable device technologies capable of orchestrating reliable control of tens of millions quantum bits in a large-scale system. The goal of this lecture is to provide architectural abstractions common to potential technologies and explore the systemslevel challenges in achieving scalable, fault-tolerant quantum computation. The central premise of the lecture is directed at quantum computation (QC) architectural issues. We stress the fact that the basic tenet of large-scale quantum computing is reliability through system balance: the need to protect and control the quantum information just long enough for the algorithm to complete execution. To architectQCsystems, onemust understand what it takes to design and model a balanced, fault-tolerant quantum architecture just as the concept of balance drives conventional architectural design. For example, the register file depth in classical computers is matched to the number of functional units, the memory bandwidth to the cache miss rate, or the interconnect bandwidth matched to the compute power of each element of a multiprocessor. We provide an engineering-oriented introduction to quantum computation and provide an architectural case study based upon experimental data and future projection for ion-trap technology.We apply the concept of balance to the design of a quantum computer, creating an architecture model that balances both quantum and classical resources in terms of exploitable parallelism in quantum applications. From this framework, we also discuss the many open issues remaining in designing systems to perform quantum computation.
Author: Tzvetan Metodi Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 3031017315 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 192
Book Description
Quantum computers can (in theory) solve certain problems far faster than a classical computer running any known classical algorithm. While existing technologies for building quantum computers are in their infancy, it is not too early to consider their scalability and reliability in the context of the design of large-scale quantum computers. To architect such systems, one must understand what it takes to design and model a balanced, fault-tolerant quantum computer architecture. The goal of this lecture is to provide architectural abstractions for the design of a quantum computer and to explore the systems-level challenges in achieving scalable, fault-tolerant quantum computation. In this lecture, we provide an engineering-oriented introduction to quantum computation with an overview of the theory behind key quantum algorithms. Next, we look at architectural case studies based upon experimental data and future projections for quantum computation implemented using trapped ions. While we focus here on architectures targeted for realization using trapped ions, the techniques for quantum computer architecture design, quantum fault-tolerance, and compilation described in this lecture are applicable to many other physical technologies that may be viable candidates for building a large-scale quantum computing system. We also discuss general issues involved with programming a quantum computer as well as a discussion of work on quantum architectures based on quantum teleportation. Finally, we consider some of the open issues remaining in the design of quantum computers. Table of Contents: Introduction / Basic Elements for Quantum Computation / Key Quantum Algorithms / Building Reliable and Scalable Quantum Architectures / Simulation of Quantum Computation / Architectural Elements / Case Study: The Quantum Logic Array Architecture / Programming the Quantum Architecture / Using the QLA for Quantum Simulation: The Transverse Ising Model / Teleportation-Based Quantum Architectures / Concluding Remarks
Author: Thi Ha Kyaw Publisher: Springer ISBN: 3030196585 Category : Computers Languages : en Pages : 116
Book Description
This thesis devotes three introductory chapters to outlining basic recipes for constructing the quantum Hamiltonian of an arbitrary superconducting circuit, starting from classical circuit design. Since a superconducting circuit is one of the most promising platforms for realizing a practical quantum computer, anyone who is starting out in the field will benefit greatly from this introduction. The second focus of the introduction is the ultrastrong light-matter interaction (USC), where the latest developments are described. This is followed by three main research works comprising quantum memory in USC; scaling up the 1D circuit to a 2D lattice configuration; creation of Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum era quantum error correction codes and polariton-mediated qubit-qubit interaction. The research work detailed in this thesis will make a major contribution to the development of quantum random access memory, a prerequisite for various quantum machine learning algorithms and applications.
Author: Matthew Arthur Beck Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Quantum computing holds the promise to address and solve computational problems that are otherwise intractable on a classical, transistor based machine. While much progress has been made in the last decade towards the realization of a scalable superconducting quantum processor, many questions remain unanswered. The work contained in this thesis addresses two equally important concerns; These are specifically that of quantum information storage and transfer and the scaling of current qubit control and readout methods. Superconducting quantum processors are exactly what their name implies: processors. While the goal is to eventually build a universal quantum computer, it is not unreasonable to envision near term quantum processors hard wired to perform specific computational tasks. This idea of compartmentalized quantum processing necessitates that the quantum results of a computation either be stored and/or transferred for latter / further use. A natural candidate to realize such a quantum memory is the neutral Rydberg atom. The hyperfine states of cesium atoms exhibit coherence times greater than 1 second while adjacent Rydberg energy levels have electric dipole transitions in the gigahertz regime; These properties make it a suitable candidate to realize a quantum memory and information bus between adjacent superconducting processors yielding an unprecedented ratio of coherence time to gate time. To realize such a computing architecture, the coherent coupling between a single Rydberg atom and superconducting bus resonator must first be demonstrated. This first half of this thesis details the development of a superconducting interface meant to realize strong coupling to a single Rydberg atom. To date, the experimental liquid Helium 4 K UHV cryostat has been built, characterized, and installed. Superconducting niobium coplanar waveguide (CPW) resonators have been designed and fabricated to facilitate strong coupling to the Rydberg atom through on-chip microwave field engineering. Additionally, the CPW resonators have been tailored to achieve quality factors above 104 at 4 K. The project is currently still on-going with single-atom trapping and state characterization near the 4 K chip surface under investigation. The second portion of this thesis details the development of a superconducting single flux quantum (SFQ) pulse generator for transmon qubit control. As the size of superconducting quantum processors scales beyond the level of a few tens of qubits, the control hardware overhead becomes untenable. For current technology based on microwave control pulses generated at room temperature followed by amplification and heterodyne detection, the heat load and physical footprint of the required classical hardware preclude brute force scaling to qubit arrays more than "100. The work contained herein details the development, fabrication, characterization and finally integration of a dc/SFQ driver with a transmon qubit on a single chip as a first step towards an all superconducting digital control scheme of quantum processors. Details of the multi-additive layer processing and fabrication required to realize these devices are discussed in the context of maintaining high ( 10 us) qubit coherent times and small superconducting resonator loss. To date, coherent qubit rotations have been achieved via application of SFQ pulses with pulse to pulse spacing aligned with subharmonics of the qubit frequency. Interleaved randomized benchmarking (RB) of SFQ driven single qubit gates realized are currently at 90% level. Future plans regarding a flip chip / multi-chip module approach to increasing gate fidelities will also be discussed
Author: Umar Farooq Publisher: GRIN Verlag ISBN: 3656826528 Category : Computers Languages : en Pages : 11
Book Description
Seminar paper from the year 2014 in the subject Computer Science - Applied, grade: A, , course: Advance Computer Architecture, language: English, abstract: Quantum Computers are evolving for more than a decade and they are closer to reality. The field of quantum computing is too big to be described in one paper, but the real motivation for the quantum computers is its architecture. Firstly it is believed that classical computers can’t use the quantum algorithms and operations secondly the programs running on the quantum computers can’t run on traditional computer which is due to architecture and system. The quantum computer architecture is the key to build a quantum computer. The quantum computers are more complex than traditional computers. This research paper will discuss the quantum computer architecture.
Author: Cécile Grèzes Publisher: Springer ISBN: 3319215728 Category : Computers Languages : en Pages : 240
Book Description
This work describes theoretical and experimental advances towards the realization of a hybrid quantum processor in which the collective degrees of freedom of an ensemble of spins in a crystal are used as a multi-qubit register for superconducting qubits. A memory protocol made of write, read and reset operations is first presented, followed by the demonstration of building blocks of its implementation with NV center spins in diamond. Qubit states are written by resonant absorption of a microwave photon in the spin ensemble and read out of the memory on-demand by applying Hahn echo refocusing techniques to the spins. The reset step is implemented in between two successive write-read sequences using optical repumping of the spins.
Author: Gabriel Orr Samach Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
As progress is made towards the first generation of error-corrected quantum computers based on physical quantum bits (qubits), researchers require robust techniques for designing, operating, and characterizing coupled multi-qubit systems in the laboratory, and for understanding the errors which arise in such systems. This doctoral thesis is structured around three interconnected bodies of technical work which span the field of superconducting quantum information science. In Part II, we consider the design, simulation, and measurement of high coherence quantum bits mediated by tunable coupler elements, a fundamental building block of extensible quantum processors based on superconducting Josephson circuits. In Part III, we consider the calibration of high fidelity single- and two-qubit gate operations, and we show how these operations were harnessed to perform a demonstration of Density Matrix Exponentiation, a deep Trotter-like quantum algorithm. In Part IV, we consider an array of techniques for the characterization, verification, and validation of quantum computing hardware, and we put forth a novel quantum characterization technique for reconstructing the dynamic loss channels of multi-qubit systems, known as Lindblad tomography. Framing the dissertation on each end, Parts I and V offer a complementary account of quantum computing grounded in feminist science and technology studies, situating quantum computing as a historical, social, and material-semiotic enterprise, complicating the narrative of progress which animates our work in the laboratory.
Author: Thomas G. McConkey
Author: Thomas G. McConkey
Author: Srikanth Pulipeti
Author: Daniel D. Stancil
Author: Tzvetan S. Metodi
Author: Tzvetan Metodi
Author: Thi Ha Kyaw
Author: Matthew Arthur Beck
Author: Umar Farooq
Author: Cécile Grèzes
Author: Gabriel Orr Samach