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Author: Justin Lang Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Emerging evidence has demonstrated the strong link between cardiorespiratory fitness and multiple aspects of health (i.e., physiological, physical, psychosocial, cognitive), independent of physical activity, among school-aged children and youth. Cardiorespiratory fitness is a trait that does not vary substantially from day-to-day, and provides an indication of recent physical activity levels, making it an important possible indicator of population health. Thus, the objective of this dissertation was to investigate the utility of cardiorespiratory fitness, measured using the 20 m shuttle run test, as a broad, holistic health indicator for population health surveillance among children and youth. To achieve this objective we completed seven manuscripts, all prepared for submission to peer-reviewed, scientific journals: 1. Systematic review of the relationship between 20 m shuttle run performance and health indicators among children and youth. 2. Review of criterion-referenced standards for cardiorespiratory fitness: What percentage of 1 142 026 international children and youth are apparently healthy? 3. Cardiorespiratory fitness is associated with physical literacy among Canadian children aged 8 to 12 years. 4. International variability in 20 m shuttle run performance in children and youth: Who are the fittest from a 50-country comparion? A systematic review with pooling of aggregate results. 5. Making a case for cardiorespiratory fitness surveillance among children and youth. 6. International normative 20 m shuttle run values from 1 142 026 children and youth representing 50 countries. 7. Temporal trends in the cardiorespiratory fitness of 965 264 children and youth representing 19 countries since 1981. Combined, this dissertation provides support for the importance of cardiorespiratory fitness for health surveillance among school-aged children and youth. Results from the international analysis highlighted the variability across countries, with countries in North-Central Europe and Africa having the highest cardiorespiratory fitness, and countries in South America having the lowest cardiorespiratory fitness. The results indicated that declines in cardiorespirtory fitness may have stabilized in recent years in some high- and middle-income countries. This dissertation also identified two methods (criterion- and normative-referenced standards) to interpret cardiorespirtory fitness levels among children and youth, methods that could be used to inform future consensus, surveillance, and cardiorespiratory fitness guidelines.
Author: Justin Lang Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Emerging evidence has demonstrated the strong link between cardiorespiratory fitness and multiple aspects of health (i.e., physiological, physical, psychosocial, cognitive), independent of physical activity, among school-aged children and youth. Cardiorespiratory fitness is a trait that does not vary substantially from day-to-day, and provides an indication of recent physical activity levels, making it an important possible indicator of population health. Thus, the objective of this dissertation was to investigate the utility of cardiorespiratory fitness, measured using the 20 m shuttle run test, as a broad, holistic health indicator for population health surveillance among children and youth. To achieve this objective we completed seven manuscripts, all prepared for submission to peer-reviewed, scientific journals: 1. Systematic review of the relationship between 20 m shuttle run performance and health indicators among children and youth. 2. Review of criterion-referenced standards for cardiorespiratory fitness: What percentage of 1 142 026 international children and youth are apparently healthy? 3. Cardiorespiratory fitness is associated with physical literacy among Canadian children aged 8 to 12 years. 4. International variability in 20 m shuttle run performance in children and youth: Who are the fittest from a 50-country comparion? A systematic review with pooling of aggregate results. 5. Making a case for cardiorespiratory fitness surveillance among children and youth. 6. International normative 20 m shuttle run values from 1 142 026 children and youth representing 50 countries. 7. Temporal trends in the cardiorespiratory fitness of 965 264 children and youth representing 19 countries since 1981. Combined, this dissertation provides support for the importance of cardiorespiratory fitness for health surveillance among school-aged children and youth. Results from the international analysis highlighted the variability across countries, with countries in North-Central Europe and Africa having the highest cardiorespiratory fitness, and countries in South America having the lowest cardiorespiratory fitness. The results indicated that declines in cardiorespirtory fitness may have stabilized in recent years in some high- and middle-income countries. This dissertation also identified two methods (criterion- and normative-referenced standards) to interpret cardiorespirtory fitness levels among children and youth, methods that could be used to inform future consensus, surveillance, and cardiorespiratory fitness guidelines.
Author: Timothy Brusseau Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 100005070X Category : Health & Fitness Languages : en Pages : 975
Book Description
Over the past three decades the study of pediatric physical inactivity has become a public health concern. The decreases in physical activity have been associated with obesity and numerous hypokinetic diseases. In accordance with this public health concern, the study of pediatric physical activity has become a central part of research in the health and exercise science fields. The Routledge Handbook of Youth Physical Activity is the first book to survey the full depth and breadth of the issues facing this field. Bringing together many of the world’s experts and practitioners, the book helps to develop an understanding of the underlying issues related to pediatric physical activity as well as the role physical activity plays on cognitive, psychomotor, and social aspects of childhood. The book addresses issues with physical activity measurement and discuss wide-ranging aspects of physical activity interventions. With more emphasis than ever on physical activity, this book makes an important contribution to the scholars and practitioners working in the field of youth physical activity. This is the first single text on the state of current knowledge related to pediatric physical activity which offers a comprehensive guide to students and academics on these subjects The Routledge Handbook of Youth Physical Activity is key reading for all advanced students, researchers, practitioners, and policy-makers with an interest in physical activity, youth sport, public health matters, sport studies, or physical education.
Author: Institute of Medicine Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309262879 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 229
Book Description
Physical fitness affects our ability to function and be active. At poor levels, it is associated with such health outcomes as diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Physical fitness testing in American youth was established on a large scale in the 1950s with an early focus on performance-related fitness that gradually gave way to an emphasis on health-related fitness. Using appropriately selected measures to collected fitness data in youth will advance our understanding of how fitness among youth translates into better health. In Fitness Measures and Health Outcomes in Youth, the IOM assesses the relationship between youth fitness test items and health outcomes, recommends the best fitness test items, provides guidance for interpreting fitness scores, and provides an agenda for needed research. The report concludes that selected cardiorespiratory endurance, musculoskeletal fitness, and body composition measures should be in fitness surveys and in schools. Collecting fitness data nationally and in schools helps with setting and achieving fitness goals and priorities for public health at an individual and national level.
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309492688 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 197
Book Description
Physical activity has far-reaching benefits for physical, mental, emotional, and social health and well-being for all segments of the population. Despite these documented health benefits and previous efforts to promote physical activity in the U.S. population, most Americans do not meet current public health guidelines for physical activity. Surveillance in public health is the ongoing systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of outcome-specific data, which can then be used for planning, implementation and evaluation of public health practice. Surveillance of physical activity is a core public health function that is necessary for monitoring population engagement in physical activity, including participation in physical activity initiatives. Surveillance activities are guided by standard protocols and are used to establish baseline data and to track implementation and evaluation of interventions, programs, and policies that aim to increase physical activity. However, physical activity is challenging to assess because it is a complex and multidimensional behavior that varies by type, intensity, setting, motives, and environmental and social influences. The lack of surveillance systems to assess both physical activity behaviors (including walking) and physical activity environments (such as the walkability of communities) is a critical gap. Implementing Strategies to Enhance Public Health Surveillance of Physical Activity in the United States develops strategies that support the implementation of recommended actions to improve national physical activity surveillance. This report also examines and builds upon existing recommended actions.
Author: Committee on Physical Activity and Physical Education in the School Environment Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309283140 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 503
Book Description
Physical inactivity is a key determinant of health across the lifespan. A lack of activity increases the risk of heart disease, colon and breast cancer, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, osteoporosis, anxiety and depression and others diseases. Emerging literature has suggested that in terms of mortality, the global population health burden of physical inactivity approaches that of cigarette smoking. The prevalence and substantial disease risk associated with physical inactivity has been described as a pandemic. The prevalence, health impact, and evidence of changeability all have resulted in calls for action to increase physical activity across the lifespan. In response to the need to find ways to make physical activity a health priority for youth, the Institute of Medicine's Committee on Physical Activity and Physical Education in the School Environment was formed. Its purpose was to review the current status of physical activity and physical education in the school environment, including before, during, and after school, and examine the influences of physical activity and physical education on the short and long term physical, cognitive and brain, and psychosocial health and development of children and adolescents. Educating the Student Body makes recommendations about approaches for strengthening and improving programs and policies for physical activity and physical education in the school environment. This report lays out a set of guiding principles to guide its work on these tasks. These included: recognizing the benefits of instilling life-long physical activity habits in children; the value of using systems thinking in improving physical activity and physical education in the school environment; the recognition of current disparities in opportunities and the need to achieve equity in physical activity and physical education; the importance of considering all types of school environments; the need to take into consideration the diversity of students as recommendations are developed. This report will be of interest to local and national policymakers, school officials, teachers, and the education community, researchers, professional organizations, and parents interested in physical activity, physical education, and health for school-aged children and adolescents.
Author: Mirjam Močnik Publisher: ISBN: Category : Electronic books Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Cardiorespiratory fitness is an outcome of physical activity, enabling the transport of oxygen from the atmosphere to the mitochondria to perform physical work and therefore reflects the overall capacity of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems to perform the prolonged exercise. In recent decades, it has declined in the paediatric population. Cardiovascular fitness measurement has yet to be standardised in children but is a powerful marker of health in youth and is strongly associated with inflammation and inversely associated with cardiovascular risk factors, especially obesity. Notably, youth with low cardiorespiratory fitness levels have a higher risk of developing cardiovascular diseases during adulthood. Lowered cardiorespiratory fitness has been demonstrated most often in children with obesity and associated cardiovascular comorbidities, however, these can be associated with cardiorespiratory fitness independently to body mass index. The benefits of physical activity on health have been well demonstrated during growth and it should be encouraged in children with cardiovascular risk to prevent further reduction of cardiorespiratory fitness and the development of other comorbidities. Along with appropriate physical exercise and diet in childhood, breastfeeding in the first year of life is recommended.
Author: Wenxi Liu Publisher: ISBN: 9781339718866 Category : Cardiovascular fitness Languages : en Pages : 57
Book Description
This study investigated the effects of vigorous physical activity (VPA) and VPA-dose response on percent body fat (%BF) and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) between high and low adiposity children. The study data were obtained from a randomized controlled physical activity (PA)-based childhood obesity prevention -- Medical College of Georgia FitKid Project (MCG FitKid). The 40-minute VPA session from MCG FitKid was used to investigate the effects of VPA on %BF and CRF. The program attendance was used to quantify the dose of VPA (
Author: Transportation Research Board Publisher: Transportation Research Board ISBN: 0309094984 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 269
Book Description
TRB Special Report 282: Does the Built Environment Influence Physical Activity? Examining the Evidence reviews the broad trends affecting the relationships among physical activity, health, transportation, and land use; summarizes what is known about these relationships, including the strength and magnitude of any causal connections; examines implications for policy; and recommends priorities for future research.
Author: Justin Lang
Author: Justin Lang
Author: Antonio García-Hermoso
Author: Timothy Brusseau
Author: Institute of Medicine
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Author: Committee on Physical Activity and Physical Education in the School Environment
Author: Jaime Gahche
Author: Mirjam Močnik
Author: Wenxi Liu
Author: Transportation Research Board