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Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 201
Book Description
Sister chromatid cohesion is essential for proper chromosome segregation during meiosis. However, the mechanism of meiotic cohesion in Drosophila is unclear. We describe a novel protein, SOLO (Sisters On the LOose) that is essential for meiotic cohesion in Drosophila melanogaster. solo mutations cause high nondisjunction of sister and homologous chromatids of sex chromosomes and autosomes in both sexes. In solo males, sister chromatids separate prematurely and segregate randomly during meiosis II. Although bivalents appear intact throughout meiosis I, sister centromeres lose cohesion prior to prometaphase I and orient nearly randomly on the meiosis I spindle. Centromeric foci of SMC1 are absent in solo males at all meiotic stages. SOLO and the cohesin protein SMC1 co-localize to meiotic centromeres from early prophase I until anaphase II in wild-type males but both proteins are removed prematurely from centromeres at anaphase I in mei-S332 mutants, coincident with premature loss of cohesion in those mutants. solo mutations in females cause reduced frequency of homologous recombination between X chromosomes and autosomes, partially due to the loss of inhibition of sister chromatid exchange. Synaptonemal complex assembly is severely disrupted in early meiotic stage in solo females. SOLO colocalizes with SMC1 and C(3)G in meiosis. Additionally, SOLO is required for stabilizing chiasmata generated from residual recombination events. The data about the phenotypes of solo males and females and colocalization patterns of SOLO strongly suggest SOLO is a component of potential cohesin in Drosophila meiosis. Drosophila males undergo meiosis without recombination. However, the underlying mechanism is not known. Mutations of vasa cause high frequency of X-Y exchange in meiosis. Chromatin bridges at anaphase I and II, due to dicentric recombination events, were observed in vasa males. vas and solo double mutant showed precocious segregation of homologs at metaphase I besides chromatin bridge at anaphase I and II. Our data thus for the first time demonstrate that inhibition of meiotic recombination during male meiosis requires vas function and interactions between vas and solo regulate chromosome dynamics in male meiosis.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 201
Book Description
Sister chromatid cohesion is essential for proper chromosome segregation during meiosis. However, the mechanism of meiotic cohesion in Drosophila is unclear. We describe a novel protein, SOLO (Sisters On the LOose) that is essential for meiotic cohesion in Drosophila melanogaster. solo mutations cause high nondisjunction of sister and homologous chromatids of sex chromosomes and autosomes in both sexes. In solo males, sister chromatids separate prematurely and segregate randomly during meiosis II. Although bivalents appear intact throughout meiosis I, sister centromeres lose cohesion prior to prometaphase I and orient nearly randomly on the meiosis I spindle. Centromeric foci of SMC1 are absent in solo males at all meiotic stages. SOLO and the cohesin protein SMC1 co-localize to meiotic centromeres from early prophase I until anaphase II in wild-type males but both proteins are removed prematurely from centromeres at anaphase I in mei-S332 mutants, coincident with premature loss of cohesion in those mutants. solo mutations in females cause reduced frequency of homologous recombination between X chromosomes and autosomes, partially due to the loss of inhibition of sister chromatid exchange. Synaptonemal complex assembly is severely disrupted in early meiotic stage in solo females. SOLO colocalizes with SMC1 and C(3)G in meiosis. Additionally, SOLO is required for stabilizing chiasmata generated from residual recombination events. The data about the phenotypes of solo males and females and colocalization patterns of SOLO strongly suggest SOLO is a component of potential cohesin in Drosophila meiosis. Drosophila males undergo meiosis without recombination. However, the underlying mechanism is not known. Mutations of vasa cause high frequency of X-Y exchange in meiosis. Chromatin bridges at anaphase I and II, due to dicentric recombination events, were observed in vasa males. vas and solo double mutant showed precocious segregation of homologs at metaphase I besides chromatin bridge at anaphase I and II. Our data thus for the first time demonstrate that inhibition of meiotic recombination during male meiosis requires vas function and interactions between vas and solo regulate chromosome dynamics in male meiosis.
Author: Daryl S. Henderson Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1592596657 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 467
Book Description
Leading drosophilists describe in step-by-step detail all the essential techniques for studying Drosophila chromosomes and suggest new avenues for scientific exploration. The chapters emphasize specimen preparation (from dissection to mounting) and cover both polytene and mitotic/meiotic chromosomes in depth. Each fully tested and readily reproducible protocol offers a background introduction, equipment and reagent lists, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding pitfalls. A cutting-edge FISH and immunolocalization technique will be important for discovering how DNA sequence influences higher-order chromosome architecture and ultimately gene expression.
Author: Bernard John Publisher: Cambridge University Press ISBN: 0521350530 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 411
Book Description
Meiosis, the antithesis of fertilization, is the unique genetically programmed mode of nuclear division associated with a halving of the chromosome number in sexually reproducing eukaryotes. It thus represents a key cellular and developmental pathway in the life of an organism. In this book, Bernard John presents the first complete, and the most authoritative, review of the events and mechanisms of meiosis including their scheduling, their mechanics and their biochemistry as well as their genetic control and the variations to be found in them in both sexual and subsexual systems. The text is superbly illustrated with 131 figures and 73 tables. Meiosis must be regarded as essential reading for all students, teachers and research workers with an interest in eukaryotic cell biology and genetics.
Author: Farzana Khan Perveen Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand ISBN: 9535138537 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 270
Book Description
This book contains 12 chapters divided into two sections. Section 1 is "Drosophila - Model for Genetics." It covers introduction, chromosomal polymorphism, polytene chromosomes, chromosomal inversion, chromosomal evolution, cell cycle regulators in meiosis and nongenetic transgenerational inheritance in Drosophila. It also includes ecological genetics, wild-type strains, morphometric analysis, cytostatics, frequencies of early and late embryonic lethals (EEL and LEL) and mosaic imaginal discs of Drosophila for genetic analysis in biomedical research. Section 2 is "Drosophila - Model for Therapeutics." It explains Drosophila as model for human diseases, neurodegeneration, heart-kidney metabolic disorders, cancer, pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease, dopamine, neuroprotective therapeutics, mitochondrial dysfunction and translational research. It also covers Drosophila role in ubiquitin-carboxyl-terminal hydrolase-L1 (UCH-L1) protein, eye development, anti-dUCH antibody, neuropathy target esterase (NTE), organophosphorous compound-induced delayed neuropathy (OPIDN) and hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP). It also includes substrate specificities, kinetic parameters of recombinant glutathione S-transferases E6 and E7 (DmGSTE6 and DmGSTE7), detoxification and insecticidal resistance and antiviral immunity in Drosophila.
Author: Ralf Kühn Publisher: Humana Press ISBN: 9781934115268 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Following the completion of the mouse and human genome sequences, a major challengeisthefunctionalcharacterizationofeverymammaliangeneandthedeciph- ing of their molecular interaction network. The mouse offers many advantages for the use of genetics to study human biology and disease, unmatched among other m- mals. Its development, body plan, physiology, behavior, and diseases have much in common, based on the fact that 99% of the human genes have a mouse ortholog. The investigation of gene function using mouse models is based on many years of tech- logical development. In the two decades since gene targeting in murine embryonic stem (ES) cells was first described by Mario Capecchi and colleagues, more than 3000 predesigned mouse mutants have been developed. To date, a variety of mouse mutagenesis techniques, either gene- or phenotype-driven, are used as systematic approaches. The availability of the genome sequence supports gene-driven approaches such as gene-trap and targeted mutagenesis in ES cells, allowing efficient and precise gene disruption. In combination with the use of site-specific DNA recombinases, in particular the Cre/loxP system, gene disruptioncan be directed to specific cell types in conditionalmousemutants. Furthermore,chemicalandtransposonmutagenesisofthe mouse genome enables us to perform phenotype-driven screens for the unbiased identification of phenotype–genotype correlations involved in models of human d- ease. Over the next several years, the mouse genome will be systematically altered, and the techniques for achieving predesigned manipulations will be constantly developed further and improved. The second edition of Gene Knockout Protocols brings together distinguished c- tributorswithextensiveexperienceinthegenetargetingandmousegeneticsfields.
Author: Maxine Singer Publisher: University Science Books ISBN: 9780935702705 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 702
Book Description
An outstanding group of scientists have collaborated in the collection of case studies that comprise this major text-reference book. It examines in detail how genes operate in diverse living systems, including viruses, cells and more complex organisms; investigates how genotypes can be altered; and looks at the mapping and sequencing of human and other genomes. Students and professionals in biochemistry, molecular biology and genetics will enjoy this book.
Author: William Sullivan Publisher: CSHL Press ISBN: 9780879695866 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 798
Book Description
This exceptional laboratory manual describes thirty-seven procedures most likely to be used in the next decade for molecular, biochemical, and cellular studies on Drosophila. They were selected after extensive consultation with the research community and rigorously edited for clarity, uniformity, and conciseness.The methods included permit investigation of chromosomes, cell biology, molecular biology, genomes, biochemistry, and development. Each protocol includes the basic information needed by novices, with sufficient detail to be valuable to experienced investigators. Each method is carefully introduced and illustrated with figures, tables, illustrations, and examples of the data obtainable. The book's appendices include key aspects of Drosophila biology, essential solutions, buffers, and recipes.An evolution of Michael Ashburner's 1989 classic Drosophila: A Laboratory Manual, this book is an essential addition to the personal library of Drosophila investigators and an incomparable resource for other research groups with goals likely to require fly-based technical approaches.
Author: National Research Council Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309070864 Category : Nature Languages : en Pages : 348
Book Description
Scientific Frontiers in Developmental Toxicology and Risk Assessment reviews advances made during the last 10-15 years in fields such as developmental biology, molecular biology, and genetics. It describes a novel approach for how these advances might be used in combination with existing methodologies to further the understanding of mechanisms of developmental toxicity, to improve the assessment of chemicals for their ability to cause developmental toxicity, and to improve risk assessment for developmental defects. For example, based on the recent advances, even the smallest, simplest laboratory animals such as the fruit fly, roundworm, and zebrafish might be able to serve as developmental toxicological models for human biological systems. Use of such organisms might allow for rapid and inexpensive testing of large numbers of chemicals for their potential to cause developmental toxicity; presently, there are little or no developmental toxicity data available for the majority of natural and manufactured chemicals in use. This new approach to developmental toxicology and risk assessment will require simultaneous research on several fronts by experts from multiple scientific disciplines, including developmental toxicologists, developmental biologists, geneticists, epidemiologists, and biostatisticians.
Author: Ram Sagar Verma Publisher: Cambridge University Press ISBN: 9780521334808 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 324
Book Description
'The material included in Heterochromatin is impressively comprehensive and provides timely, authoritative information that would otherwise be difficult to obtain.' BioScience
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Author: Daryl S. Henderson
Author: Bernard John
Author: Farzana Khan Perveen
Author: Ralf Kühn
Author: Thomas Hunt Morgan
Author: Maxine Singer
Author: William Sullivan
Author: National Research Council
Author: Ram Sagar Verma