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Author: Masaaki Mizuochi Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 9811626383 Category : Social Science Languages : en Pages : 96
Book Description
This book examines the relationship between retirement and health of older people in Japan’s super-aging society and provides a key to understanding the remarkable longevity of the population. It also furnishes new evidence in this research field where the findings have been conflicting and the detailed causal mechanism has not been clarified for many years. For that purpose, a large-scale survey was used, “The Longitudinal Survey of Middle-Aged and Elderly Persons,” which was conducted in Japan from 2005 to 2015 with 34,240 respondents aged 50–59 years in the first sample. Using this longitudinal survey, which focused on people just before retirement, and rigorous causal inference including instrumental variable and panel estimation, several research questions were tested. Specifically, existing literature does not provide sufficient findings about the heterogeneity in the effect of retirement on health. Thus, we have questions which should be addressed: does retirement affect health immediately or with delay; does the lifestyle before retirement matter for post-retirement health; and which is better for health retiring early or late? The lack of this viewpoint is believed to have led to the conflicting previous findings. If we know the answers to the questions, we would be able to understand the mechanisms between retirement and health, and prepare more properly for better retirement life. Showing the results of the testing of these questions, this book provides readers, researchers, and policymakers a comprehensive understanding of the retirement–health relationship and a suggestion for an effective labor and health policy in an aging society.
Author: Masaaki Mizuochi Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 9811626383 Category : Social Science Languages : en Pages : 96
Book Description
This book examines the relationship between retirement and health of older people in Japan’s super-aging society and provides a key to understanding the remarkable longevity of the population. It also furnishes new evidence in this research field where the findings have been conflicting and the detailed causal mechanism has not been clarified for many years. For that purpose, a large-scale survey was used, “The Longitudinal Survey of Middle-Aged and Elderly Persons,” which was conducted in Japan from 2005 to 2015 with 34,240 respondents aged 50–59 years in the first sample. Using this longitudinal survey, which focused on people just before retirement, and rigorous causal inference including instrumental variable and panel estimation, several research questions were tested. Specifically, existing literature does not provide sufficient findings about the heterogeneity in the effect of retirement on health. Thus, we have questions which should be addressed: does retirement affect health immediately or with delay; does the lifestyle before retirement matter for post-retirement health; and which is better for health retiring early or late? The lack of this viewpoint is believed to have led to the conflicting previous findings. If we know the answers to the questions, we would be able to understand the mechanisms between retirement and health, and prepare more properly for better retirement life. Showing the results of the testing of these questions, this book provides readers, researchers, and policymakers a comprehensive understanding of the retirement–health relationship and a suggestion for an effective labor and health policy in an aging society.
Author: National Research Council Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 030925406X Category : Social Science Languages : en Pages : 486
Book Description
The population of Asia is growing both larger and older. Demographically the most important continent on the world, Asia's population, currently estimated to be 4.2 billion, is expected to increase to about 5.9 billion by 2050. Rapid declines in fertility, together with rising life expectancy, are altering the age structure of the population so that in 2050, for the first time in history, there will be roughly as many people in Asia over the age of 65 as under the age of 15. It is against this backdrop that the Division of Behavioral and Social Research at the U.S. National Institute on Aging (NIA) asked the National Research Council (NRC), through the Committee on Population, to undertake a project on advancing behavioral and social research on aging in Asia. Aging in Asia: Findings from New and Emerging Data Initiatives is a peer-reviewed collection of papers from China, India, Indonesia, Japan, and Thailand that were presented at two conferences organized in conjunction with the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Indian National Science Academy, Indonesian Academy of Sciences, and Science Council of Japan; the first conference was hosted by the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences in Beijing, and the second conference was hosted by the Indian National Science Academy in New Delhi. The papers in the volume highlight the contributions from new and emerging data initiatives in the region and cover subject areas such as economic growth, labor markets, and consumption; family roles and responsibilities; and labor markets and consumption.
Author: David A. Wise Publisher: University of Chicago Press ISBN: 0226903222 Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 428
Book Description
The Economics of Aging presents results from an ongoing National Bureau of Economic Research project. Contributors consider the housing mobility and living arrangements of the elderly, their labor force participation and retirement, the economics of their health care, and their financial status. The goal of the research is to further our understanding both of the factors that determine the well-being of the elderly and of the consequences that follow from an increasingly older population with longer individual life spans. Each paper is accompanied by critical commentary.
Author: Yohko Tsuji Publisher: Rutgers University Press ISBN: 1978819579 Category : Social Science Languages : en Pages : 259
Book Description
In Through Japanese Eyes, based on her thirty-year research at a senior center in upstate New York, anthropologist Yohko Tsuji describes old age in America from a cross-cultural perspective. Comparing aging in America and in her native Japan, she discovers that notable differences in the panhuman experience of aging are rooted in cultural differences between these two countries, and that Americans have strongly negative attitudes toward aging because it represents the antithesis of cherished American values, especially independence. Tsuji reveals that American culture, despite its seeming lack of guidance for those aging, plays a pivotal role in elders’ lives, simultaneously assisting and constraining them. Furthermore, the author’s lengthy period of research illustrates major changes in her interlocutors’ lives, incorporating their declines and death, and significant shifts in the culture of aging in American society as Tsuji herself gets to know American culture and grows into senescence herself. Through Japanese Eyes offers an ethnography of aging in America from a cross-cultural perspective based on a lengthy period of research. It illustrates how older Americans cope with the gap between the ideal (e.g., independence) and the real (e.g., needing assistance) of growing older, and the changes the author observed over thirty years of research.
Author: Courtney C. Coile Publisher: University of Chicago Press ISBN: 022661929X Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 347
Book Description
In developed countries, men’s labor force participation at older ages has increased in recent years, reversing a decades-long pattern of decline. Participation rates for older women have also been rising. What explains these patterns, and the differences in them across countries? The answers to these questions are pivotal as countries face fiscal and retirement security challenges posed by longer life-spans. This eighth phase of the International Social Security project, which compares the social security and retirement experiences of twelve developed countries, documents trends in participation and employment and explores reasons for the rising participation rates of older workers. The chapters use a common template for analysis, which facilitates comparison of results across countries. Using within-country natural experiments and cross-country comparisons, the researchers study the impact of improving health and education, changes in the occupation mix, the retirement incentives of social security programs, and the emergence of women in the workplace, on labor markets. The findings suggest that social security reforms and other factors such as the movement of women into the labor force have played an important role in labor force participation trends.
Author: National Research Council Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309261961 Category : Social Science Languages : en Pages : 230
Book Description
The United States is in the midst of a major demographic shift. In the coming decades, people aged 65 and over will make up an increasingly large percentage of the population: The ratio of people aged 65+ to people aged 20-64 will rise by 80%. This shift is happening for two reasons: people are living longer, and many couples are choosing to have fewer children and to have those children somewhat later in life. The resulting demographic shift will present the nation with economic challenges, both to absorb the costs and to leverage the benefits of an aging population. Aging and the Macroeconomy: Long-Term Implications of an Older Population presents the fundamental factors driving the aging of the U.S. population, as well as its societal implications and likely long-term macroeconomic effects in a global context. The report finds that, while population aging does not pose an insurmountable challenge to the nation, it is imperative that sensible policies are implemented soon to allow companies and households to respond. It offers four practical approaches for preparing resources to support the future consumption of households and for adapting to the new economic landscape.
Author: Caroline Oliver Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 0415372712 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 210
Book Description
The book is the first ethnographic study of international retirement migration and offers a sometimes surprising picture of the potentials, seductions and limitations of the lifestyles. People envision retirement as freedom from responsibilities through shedding the restrictive shackles of their former selves in a time of life dedicated to fun, friendship, healthy activity and individual fulfillment. However, as Oliver documents, a number of contradictions underpin the pursuits of such a lifestyle. She shows how retirees must balance time-use to achieve both freedoms and busy social schedules -- their activities, their relationships, and their cultural identities – to balance both the security of nationality with the discovery of the new. Retirement Migrationgives a critical insight into the new ways aging identities are experienced by a growing number of older people in Western societies today.
Author: National Research Council Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309217105 Category : Social Science Languages : en Pages : 200
Book Description
During the last 25 years, life expectancy at age 50 in the United States has been rising, but at a slower pace than in many other high-income countries, such as Japan and Australia. This difference is particularly notable given that the United States spends more on health care than any other nation. Concerned about this divergence, the National Institute on Aging asked the National Research Council to examine evidence on its possible causes. According to Explaining Divergent Levels of Longevity in High-Income Countries, the nation's history of heavy smoking is a major reason why lifespans in the United States fall short of those in many other high-income nations. Evidence suggests that current obesity levels play a substantial part as well. The book reports that lack of universal access to health care in the U.S. also has increased mortality and reduced life expectancy, though this is a less significant factor for those over age 65 because of Medicare access. For the main causes of death at older ages-cancer and cardiovascular disease-available indicators do not suggest that the U.S. health care system is failing to prevent deaths that would be averted elsewhere. In fact, cancer detection and survival appear to be better in the U.S. than in most other high-income nations, and survival rates following a heart attack also are favorable. Explaining Divergent Levels of Longevity in High-Income Countries identifies many gaps in research. For instance, while lung cancer deaths are a reliable marker of the damage from smoking, no clear-cut marker exists for obesity, physical inactivity, social integration, or other risks considered in this book. Moreover, evaluation of these risk factors is based on observational studies, which-unlike randomized controlled trials-are subject to many biases.
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309452961 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 583
Book Description
In the United States, some populations suffer from far greater disparities in health than others. Those disparities are caused not only by fundamental differences in health status across segments of the population, but also because of inequities in factors that impact health status, so-called determinants of health. Only part of an individual's health status depends on his or her behavior and choice; community-wide problems like poverty, unemployment, poor education, inadequate housing, poor public transportation, interpersonal violence, and decaying neighborhoods also contribute to health inequities, as well as the historic and ongoing interplay of structures, policies, and norms that shape lives. When these factors are not optimal in a community, it does not mean they are intractable: such inequities can be mitigated by social policies that can shape health in powerful ways. Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Equity seeks to delineate the causes of and the solutions to health inequities in the United States. This report focuses on what communities can do to promote health equity, what actions are needed by the many and varied stakeholders that are part of communities or support them, as well as the root causes and structural barriers that need to be overcome.
Author: Masaaki Mizuochi
Author: Masaaki Mizuochi
Author: National Research Council
Author: 
Author: David A. Wise
Author: Yohko Tsuji
Author: Courtney C. Coile
Author: National Research Council
Author: Caroline Oliver
Author: National Research Council
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine