Author: Kassandra Leigh Harding Publisher: ISBN: 9781321608809 Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Pregnancy and postpartum are critical periods for the health of both the woman and her infant, during which increased nutrient requirements elevate the risk of inadequacy. Supplementation with a product such as small quantity lipid-based nutrient supplement (LNS) is one approach to increase the quality of diets in contexts where dietary adequacy cannot feasibly and reliably be achieved through locally available foods alone. However, a variety of personal, social, cultural, and environmental factors can influence women's decisions about what and how much of different foods to consume, adherence to supplementation recommendations, and how and what to feed their infants. The studies described in this dissertation present data on a series of research questions evaluated within a community health program designed to improve health, nutrition, and child development outcomes in rural northwest Bangladesh. The research project, the RangDin Nutrition Study (RDNS), is a collaboration between the University of California at Davis, the International Center for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh and the LAMB project.The practice of eating less food during pregnancy is common in Bangladesh, a context with high rates of food insecurity. Chapter 2 presents a study examining eating less throughout pregnancy and postpartum and the dietary and health implication of this practice. Diet was assessed at three time points (enrollment at ̲ 20 weeks gestation, 36 weeks gestation, and 6 months postpartum); weight was measured at enrollment and 36 weeks gestation; and sociodemographic information was collected at enrollment. The prevalence of self-reported eating less differed by time point (75.9% in early pregnancy, 38.8% in late pregnancy, and 7.4% in the postpartum; p
Author: Robert Black Publisher: World Bank Publications ISBN: 1464803684 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 419
Book Description
The evaluation of reproductive, maternal, newborn, and child health (RMNCH) by the Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (DCP3) focuses on maternal conditions, childhood illness, and malnutrition. Specifically, the chapters address acute illness and undernutrition in children, principally under age 5. It also covers maternal mortality, morbidity, stillbirth, and influences to pregnancy and pre-pregnancy. Volume 3 focuses on developments since the publication of DCP2 and will also include the transition to older childhood, in particular, the overlap and commonality with the child development volume. The DCP3 evaluation of these conditions produced three key findings: 1. There is significant difficulty in measuring the burden of key conditions such as unintended pregnancy, unsafe abortion, nonsexually transmitted infections, infertility, and violence against women. 2. Investments in the continuum of care can have significant returns for improved and equitable access, health, poverty, and health systems. 3. There is a large difference in how RMNCH conditions affect different income groups; investments in RMNCH can lessen the disparity in terms of both health and financial risk.
Author: Barbara A. Anderson Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 3031239695 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 220
Book Description
This book uniquely explores American cultural values as a factor in maternal health. It looks beyond the social determinants of health as primarily contributing to the escalating maternal morbidity and mortality in the United States. The United States is an outlier with poor maternal health outcomes and high morbidity/mortality in comparison to other high-resource and many mid-level resource nations. While the social determinants of health identify social and environmental conditions affecting maternal health, they do not answer the broader underlying question of why many American women, in a high-resource environment, experience poor maternal health outcomes. Frequent near-misses, high levels of severe childbearing-related morbidity, and high maternal mortality are comparable to those of lower-resource nations. This book includes contributions from recognized medical and cultural anthropologists, and diverse clinical and public health professionals. The authors examine American patterns of decision-making from the perspectives of intersecting social, cultural, and medical values influencing maternal health outcomes. Using an interdisciplinary critical analysis approach, the work draws upon decision-making theory and life course theory. Topics explored include: Cultural values as a basis for decision-making Social regard for motherhood Immigrants, refugees and undocumented mothers Cultural conflicts and maternal autonomy Health outcomes among justice-involved mothers Maternal Health and American Cultural Values: Beyond the Social Determinants is an essential resource for clinical and public health practitioners and their students, providing a framework for graduate-level courses in public health, the health sciences, women’s studies, and the social sciences. The book also targets anthropologists, sociologists, and women studies scholars seeking to explain the links between American cultural decision-making and health outcomes. Policy-makers, ethicists, journalists, and advocates for reproductive health justice also would find the text a useful resource.
Author: Meredith Leigh Graham Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 179
Book Description
The association between socio-ecological factors and poor health outcomes for the low-income women and their children has been the focus of disparities research for several decades. Comparative qualitative studies have examined issues such as mood, body image, smoking and breastfeeding in both pregnant and postpartum women. This research identifies and compares the changing socio-ecological conditions among lowincome women from pregnancy to postpartum and highlights the multitude of factors that may make women's lives increasingly difficult after delivery. This research may inform public health nutrition programs, such as Supplemental Food and Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC) program or Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), as well as interventions that promote behavior change in low-income women during the pregnancy and postpartum periods. As part of formative research for developing an online health intervention for pregnant and postpartum women between the ages of 18-35, group and individual interviews were conducted with pregnant and postpartum women who qualified for either WIC or PCAP (Prenatal Care Assistance Program). Five pregnancy group interviews (n=15 women, ranging from 2-5 women per group), five postpartum group interviews (n=23 women, ranging from 3-6 women per group) and seven individual interviews with a total of 45 participants were conducted in Rochester, NY. Group and individual interviews explored the influences on healthy behaviors including diet and physical activity during pregnancy and postpartum; experiences, strategies and barriers to change behavior; and the role of social support in supporting/discouraging healthy behaviors. All group and individual interviews were audio-recorded. Detailed notes were taken and added in subsequent listening to the recordings. The constant comparative method was used to code group and individual interview notes and to identify emergent themes. All of the women in the sample faced a great number of challenges that impacted their attitudes and beliefs, as well as, their ability to maintain or improve healthy behaviors. Such challenges included unemployment, relationship issues, minimal social support, lack of education, healthcare access, preexisting medical conditions and neighborhood disadvantage, including a poor food environment and criminal activity. Compared to pregnant women, postpartum women faced additional difficulties, such as child illnesses, child custody issues and homelessness. Many factors contribute to women's difficulties postpartum, including challenges that are present prior to delivery, those present prior to delivery that worsen after delivery, and some new challenges that begin after delivery. The most striking differences between weight-related barriers during pregnancy and postpartum related to the family's medical issues and to greater environmental constraints.!The socio-demographic constraints that low-income women face after delivery and the impact those constraints have on their ability to change health behaviors are critical to consider when designing health promotion interventions.!
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309457637 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 385
Book Description
While much progress has been made on achieving the Millenium Development Goals over the last decade, the number and complexity of global health challenges has persisted. Growing forces for globalization have increased the interconnectedness of the world and our interdependency on other countries, economies, and cultures. Monumental growth in international travel and trade have brought improved access to goods and services for many, but also carry ongoing and ever-present threats of zoonotic spillover and infectious disease outbreaks that threaten all. Global Health and the Future Role of the United States identifies global health priorities in light of current and emerging world threats. This report assesses the current global health landscape and how challenges, actions, and players have evolved over the last decade across a wide range of issues, and provides recommendations on how to increase responsiveness, coordination, and efficiency â€" both within the U.S. government and across the global health field.
Author: UNICEF. Publisher: UNICEF ISBN: 9280643185 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 168
Book Description
Having a child remains one of the biggest health risks for women worldwide. Fifteen hundred women die every day while giving birth. That's a half a million mothers every year. UNICEF's flagship publication, The State of the World's Children 2009, addresses maternal mortality, one of the most intractable problems for development work.The difference in pregnancy risk between women in developing countries and their peers in the industrialised world is often termed the greatest health divide in the world. A woman in Niger has a one in seven chance of dying during the course of her lifetime from complications during pregnancy or delivery. That's in stark contrast to the risk for mothers in America, where it's one in 4,800 or in Ireland, where it's just one in 48,000. Addressing that gap is a multidisciplinary challenge, requiring an emphasis on education, human resources, community involvement and social equality. At a minimum, women must be guaranteed antenatal care, skilled birth attendants and emergency obstetrics, and postpartum care. These essential interventions will only be guaranteed within the context of improved education and the abolition of discrimination.
Author: Jeannette Brakhane Endres Publisher: Prentice Hall ISBN: 9780135091913 Category : Community health services Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Introduces prospective and practicing health professionals interested in nutritional care to the planning, intervention, and evaluation services they will be called upon to provide to individuals and groups. KEY TOPICS: Outlines the historical evolution of community nutrition and its current, changing environment. Considers the application of food and nutrition principles as a process, views its users as customers, replaces the concept of "hospital" with "community health facilities." Presents the Community Nutrition Paradigm to help readers conceptualize and define the organization and management roles in a practice setting. Provides an overview of the needs of special populations (e.g., pregnant women, infants, children, adult men and women, and the elderly). Explains the community programs and services that serve these groups with special nutrition needs. Features chapter-length coverage of cultural diversity. Emphasizes the use of information technology and includes a grant-writing practice activity. For prospective and practicing health care professionals involved with community nutrition.
Author: Sarah Bracey Garrett Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 113
Book Description
This dissertation is about women and their cultural resources as they progress through pregnancy, birth, and early parenthood. Specifically, it focuses on a key interpretive resource: the "cultural frames" (Goffman 1974) women encounter that are relevant to the settings, practices and outcomes they face during this important social moment (e.g., labor and delivery as a high- or low-risk environment, breast-feeding as compulsory or optional). Pregnant women's perspectives, and individual-level cultural resources more generally, are under-researched in the social sciences. Few scholars study how pregnant women in the U.S. perceive self-, birth- or infant-care practices during this key life stage. Those that do typically focus on narrow topics and/or narrow segments of the population. And, significantly, a great deal of research in this and other health-related subfields assumes that individuals' views track with--and are sufficiently measured by--characteristics such as race/ethnicity, immigrant status, and nationality. At the same time, research on individual-level cultural resources has been stalled by the difficulty of operationalizing them. Cultural repertoire theory, for example, is conceptually useful and widely used (Swidler 1986, 2001; Lamont 1992), but it has been the subject of very little direct empirical study. For this dissertation I designed a survey instrument that could (a) capture multi-dimensional data on pregnant women's perspectives, and (b) operationalize the cultural resources--here cultural frames--in individuals' repertoires. The module appeared in a series of longitudinal surveys and interviews of a socio-economically- and racially-diverse group of pregnant women in Northern California. I use the survey data to answer the following three questions. Chapter 1: What is the cultural landscape of pregnancy for contemporary women, and in what regards does it vary by social location? Focusing primarily on the cultural frames that these women encounter about peri-natal practices and settings, I find (a) that more and less privileged women have divergent--but not radically different--landscapes, and (b) that exposure to contradictory frames is universal, though greater among highly-educated women. I also find a complex relationship between individuals' exposure to and endorsement of specific cultural frames. Investigating these "cultural landscapes" contributes novel data to the study of pregnancy and birth in the contemporary U.S., and enriches the study of culture in health research. For Chapters 2 and 3, I conceptualized familiarity with diverse frames about a topic as having multiple cultural "tools" in one's repertoire, and calculated a cultural repertoire diversity score (CRD) based on this. Repertoire theory posits that culture affects individuals by giving them tools, such as cultural frames and styles of self-presentation, with which they interpret, navigate, and act in and on social life (Swidler 1986). Chapter 2: What individual-level characteristics predict more or less diverse cultural repertoires? I use CRD score as a dependent variable to investigate whether more privileged respondents "consume" a wider variety of cultural frames than do less privileged individuals; and whether this consumption is related to respondents' social network characteristics. I find that educational achievement and social network diversity independently predict repertoire diversity. These analyses reveal a new way in which human and social capital confer cultural resources. Chapter 3: Does having a more diverse cultural toolkit lead to greater individual well-being, as cultural repertoire theory would predict? Employing longitudinal data and CRD score as an independent variable, I find that women with more diverse cultural repertoires in fact experience worse postpartum socio-emotional outcomes than do their counterparts, net of relevant covariates. Drawing on social psychology, I posit that diverse cultural resources in this context may function less as tools individuals use to "solve" problems, and more as reference points against which to compare their experiences. This paper overcomes a long-standing barrier to understanding how culture impacts social life and identifies a previously unrecognized socio-cultural influence on postpartum mental health. By operationalizing and directly measuring individual-level cultural resources, and by doing so in a more diverse sample of women then is typically studied in research on women's reproductive lives, this dissertation contributes new information to cultural sociology, to the study of culture in health contexts, and to research on contemporary pregnancy, birth and new motherhood.
Author: Pertti J. Pelto Publisher: Cambridge University Press ISBN: 9780521292283 Category : Social Science Languages : en Pages : 360
Book Description
A comprehensive text on research methods in social and cultural anthropology, covering tools, counting and sampling, fieldwork and research design. Originally published by Harper & Row, 1970.
Author: Kassandra Leigh Harding
Author: Robert Black
Author: Barbara A. Anderson
Author: 
Author: Meredith Leigh Graham
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Author: UNICEF.
Author: Jeannette Brakhane Endres
Author: Sarah Bracey Garrett
Author: Pertti J. Pelto