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Author: Christopher Becker Publisher: ISBN: Category : Amines Languages : en Pages : 144
Book Description
Ion exchange for the removal of ionic contaminants is typically considered a mature technology. However, recovery of extracted contaminants in a minimal volume of secondary waste and regeneration of ion exchange materials for use in subsequent extraction cycles continue to represent significant challenges for the separation chemist. Substantial progress in overcoming these barriers has been made by employing redox-switchable organometallic complexes for the extraction and recovery of ionic contaminants. As compared with traditional ion exchange, this approach offers an alternative redox-based stripping mechanism and affords quantitative recovery of a target contaminant in a minimal volume of secondary waste. In contrast to previous redox extraction and recovery processes (R2ER) which focus on selectivity and design of an organometallic extractant, we have developed a novel redox process with potential for adaptation to any existing ion exchanger. The lipophilic metal complex Fe([eta]5-C5H5)([eta]5-(3)-1,2-C2B9H9(n-C12H25)2) has been used in combination with tetra-n-heptylammonium salts to demonstrate an improved R2ER paradigm for aqueous anions. Liquid-liquid extraction of a generic contaminant was shown to follow a traditional ion-exchange equilibrium. Subsequent recovery of the extracted contaminant as a compact solid was promoted by treatment of the water-immiscible phase with zinc powder, and the spent solvent was regenerated by treatment with an aqueous oxidant. Using this method, 100 L of industrial waste simulant can be reduced to 25 mL of secondary waste in a single reductive step. As compared to previously reported R2ER processes for anions, the new process alleviates potential stability concerns related to the presence of charge dense anions and enables efficient regeneration of a variety of counter ions in tetra-n-heptylammonium ion pairs, including NO3, Br, Cl. Repeatable extraction/regeneration cycles demonstrated no loss in extraction efficiency. Extracted contaminants were recovered in yields ranging from 97% to 100%. R2ER regeneration of OH is also discussed. Liquid-liquid extraction studies demonstrating the feasibility of the approach and extension of this chemistry to a polymer-supported format is presented.
Author: Christopher Becker Publisher: ISBN: Category : Amines Languages : en Pages : 144
Book Description
Ion exchange for the removal of ionic contaminants is typically considered a mature technology. However, recovery of extracted contaminants in a minimal volume of secondary waste and regeneration of ion exchange materials for use in subsequent extraction cycles continue to represent significant challenges for the separation chemist. Substantial progress in overcoming these barriers has been made by employing redox-switchable organometallic complexes for the extraction and recovery of ionic contaminants. As compared with traditional ion exchange, this approach offers an alternative redox-based stripping mechanism and affords quantitative recovery of a target contaminant in a minimal volume of secondary waste. In contrast to previous redox extraction and recovery processes (R2ER) which focus on selectivity and design of an organometallic extractant, we have developed a novel redox process with potential for adaptation to any existing ion exchanger. The lipophilic metal complex Fe([eta]5-C5H5)([eta]5-(3)-1,2-C2B9H9(n-C12H25)2) has been used in combination with tetra-n-heptylammonium salts to demonstrate an improved R2ER paradigm for aqueous anions. Liquid-liquid extraction of a generic contaminant was shown to follow a traditional ion-exchange equilibrium. Subsequent recovery of the extracted contaminant as a compact solid was promoted by treatment of the water-immiscible phase with zinc powder, and the spent solvent was regenerated by treatment with an aqueous oxidant. Using this method, 100 L of industrial waste simulant can be reduced to 25 mL of secondary waste in a single reductive step. As compared to previously reported R2ER processes for anions, the new process alleviates potential stability concerns related to the presence of charge dense anions and enables efficient regeneration of a variety of counter ions in tetra-n-heptylammonium ion pairs, including NO3, Br, Cl. Repeatable extraction/regeneration cycles demonstrated no loss in extraction efficiency. Extracted contaminants were recovered in yields ranging from 97% to 100%. R2ER regeneration of OH is also discussed. Liquid-liquid extraction studies demonstrating the feasibility of the approach and extension of this chemistry to a polymer-supported format is presented.
Author: National Research Council Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309086256 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 433
Book Description
Bioavailability refers to the extent to which humans and ecological receptors are exposed to contaminants in soil or sediment. The concept of bioavailability has recently piqued the interest of the hazardous waste industry as an important consideration in deciding how much waste to clean up. The rationale is that if contaminants in soil and sediment are not bioavailable, then more contaminant mass can be left in place without creating additional risk. A new NRC report notes that the potential for the consideration of bioavailability to influence decision-making is greatest where certain chemical, environmental, and regulatory factors align. The current use of bioavailability in risk assessment and hazardous waste cleanup regulations is demystified, and acceptable tools and models for bioavailability assessment are discussed and ranked according to seven criteria. Finally, the intimate link between bioavailability and bioremediation is explored. The report concludes with suggestions for moving bioavailability forward in the regulatory arena for both soil and sediment cleanup.
Author: Flavio Pendolino Publisher: Springer ISBN: 3319604295 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 56
Book Description
This book discusses the remediation process using graphene oxide as removal agent from a chemical point of view. State of the art, properties of graphene oxide and its preparation methods are reported in the introduction. Environmental issues and regulations are presented in view of applying graphene oxide dispersion to the purification of aqueous medium, especially for industrial wastewater. The remediation process, for removal organic molecules, inorganic/metallic ions, covers the last part of the book. Future prospective for graphene oxide in the environmental remediation approach is commented.
Author: Edwin Barth Publisher: DIANE Publishing ISBN: 9780788114601 Category : Languages : en Pages : 138
Book Description
Provides an overview of technical issues related to remediating soil & ground water contaminated with explosive & radioactive wastes at federal facility sites. Covers a range of sampling approaches & treatment technologies, both those that have been successfully demonstrated & applied & those that have not yet been successfully implemented. Includes operation of the technology; applications at the laboratory, bench, pilot, or field scale; & advantages & limitations of the technology. Over 100 charts, tables & drawings.
Author: Mingxin Guo Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 0891189645 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 528
Book Description
Agricultural and Environmental Applications of Biochar: Advances and Barriers: Over the past decade, biochar has been intensively studied by agricultural and environmental scientists and applied as a soil quality enhancer and environmental ameliorator in various trials worldwide. This book, with 21 chapters by 57 accomplished international researchers, reports on the recent advances of biochar research and the global status of biochar application. Scientific findings, uncertainties, and barriers to practice of biochar amendment for sustaining soil fertility, improving crop production, promoting animal performance, remediating water and land, and mitigating greenhouse gas emissions are synthesized. The book presents a whole picture of biochar in its production, characterization, application, and development. Agricultural and Environmental Applications of Biochar: Advances and Barrier highlights the mechanisms and processes of biochar amendment for achieving stunning agricultural and environmental benefits. Composition and characteristics of biochar, its interactions with contaminants and soil constituents, and its transformation in the environment are illustrated to enlighten the achievements of biochar amendment in improving soil physical, chemical, and biological quality and animal health, reducing soil greenhouse gas emissions, and decontaminating stormwater and mine sites. Additional emphasis is given to the pyrogenic carbon in Terra Preta soils and Japanese Andosols, the pyrolysis technology for converting agricultural byproducts to biochar, and the existing economic and technical barriers to wide application of biochar in Australia, China, New Zealand, North America, and Europe. Readers will appreciate the comprehensive review on the up-to-date biochar research and application and gain critical guidance in best biochar generation and utilization.
Author: Juan C. Sanchez-Hernandez Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1351793101 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 227
Book Description
The quality of agricultural soils are always under threat from chemical contaminants, which ultimately affect the productivity and safety of crops. Besides agrochemicals, a new generation of substances invades the soil through irrigation with reclaimed wastewater and pollutants of organic origin such as sewage sludge or cattle manure. Emerging pollutants such as pharmaceuticals, nanomaterials and microplastics are now present in agricultural soils, but the understanding of their impact on soil quality is still limited. With focus on in situ bioremediation, this book provides an exhaustive analysis of the current biological methodologies for recovering polluted agricultural soils as well as monitoring the effectiveness of bioremediation.
Author: Brian J. Alloway Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 9400744706 Category : Nature Languages : en Pages : 615
Book Description
This third edition of the book has been completely re-written, providing a wider scope and enhanced coverage. It covers the general principles of the natural occurrence, pollution sources, chemical analysis, soil chemical behaviour and soil-plant-animal relationships of heavy metals and metalloids, followed by a detailed coverage of 21 individual elements, including: antimony, arsenic, barium, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, copper, gold, lead, manganese, mercury, molybdenum, nickel, selenium, silver, thallium, tin, tungsten, uranium, vanadium and zinc. The book is highly relevant for those involved in environmental science, soil science, geochemistry, agronomy, environmental health, and environmental engineering, including specialists responsible for the management and clean-up of contaminated land.
Author: Mattia Bartoli Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand ISBN: 1789845866 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 190
Book Description
Carbon-Based Material for Environmental Protection and Remediation presents an overview of carbon-based technologies and processes, and examines their usefulness and efficiency for environmental preservation and remediation. Chapters cover topics ranging from pollutants removal to new processes in materials science. Written for interested readers with strong scientific and technological backgrounds, this book will appeal to scientific advisors at private companies, academics, and graduate students.
Author: Christopher Becker
Author: Christopher Becker
Author: National Research Council
Author: 
Author: Flavio Pendolino
Author: Edwin Barth
Author: Mingxin Guo
Author: Juan C. Sanchez-Hernandez
Author: 
Author: Brian J. Alloway
Author: Mattia Bartoli