Author: Haixin QinPublisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
Book Description
Exploration of the Structure-function Relationships of Two Novel Antimicrobial Peptides from Amphibian Skin Secretion, Through Rational Design and in Vitro Studies
Author: Haixin QinExploration of the Structure-function Relationships of Two Novel Peptides from Amphibian Skin Secretion, Through Rational Design and in Vitro Studies
Author: Yuhui ZongStudies on Novel Bioactive Peptides and Their Precursors from the Skin Secretions of Australian Pelodryadinae Frogs
Author: Nan PanPublisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
Book Description
The research presented in this thesis is centred on the transcriptomic, peptidomic and pharmacological analysis of bioactive peptides which have been isolated and characterised from Australian Pe/odryadinae Frogs. In this thesis, the lyophilised skin secretions from species of the Litoria genus of Australian Pe/odryadinae Frogs, L. caeru/ea, L. aurea and L. infrafrenata, have been studied using a rapid 3' - and 5' - RACE 'Shot-gun' cloning strategy for procurement of bioactive peptide precursor-encoding cDNAs, without causing any detrimental effects to the donor specimens. Two novel cDNAs encoding biosynthetic precursors of the neuropeptide analogue, caerulein, and several cDNAs encoding precursors of novel antimicrobial peptides, were identified for the first time. NCBI-BLAST searches revealed a unique pattern of strikingly-conserved (prepro-) regions within precursors in contrast to the sequences of obviously hypervariable mature peptide-encoding domains. This phenomenon does not only occur in species of the Australian hylid sub-family, Pe/odryadinae, but has also been.observed in Asian, European and North American ranids (sub-family Raninae) and South American hylids (sub family PhyIJomedusinae), indicating their probable origins from multiple duplications of an ancestral gene presumably before the fragmentation of Gondwana (ca. 150 million years ago). Surprisingly, there was only a limited degree of sequence identity between the caerulein precursors from two distantly-related frog lineages, Litoria and Xenopus,indicating a high degree of divergence of general gene product during natural selection but with a high degree of conservation of active mature peptide sequence-encoding domains. Synthetic replicates of bioactive peptides were accessed by pharmacological screening of several bioassays including antimicrobial, biofilm bactericidal, anticancer and erythrocyte cytotoxic potency analysis. The novel caerin peptide, which possessed two amino acid residue substitutions when compared with caerin 1.12, exhibited a high degree of efficacy in antimicrobial, biofilm eradication, time-kill kinetic and anticancer assays with a high degree of selectivity for prokaryotic over eukaryotic cells. Less effective, but still active aurem peptides would be restricted for use by their inherent cytotoxicity. Frenatin peptides, as predicted, displayed relatively poor functionality. Iris hoped that the novel data generated from studies described in this thesis will, in the future, provide a modicum of support for predictions of fundamental peptide function and the evolutionary relationships of peptides discovered in amphibian skins. Peptides from Australian Pelodryadinae frogs described here, may require additional modifications prior to consideration as therapeutic agents, primarily to help eliminate side-effects through reducing cytotoxicity.
Studies on the Structure-function Relationships of Novel Peptides Isolated from Odorrana Grahami
Author: Fan FeiA Field Guide to the Frogs of Borneo
Author: Robert F. IngerPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Frogs
Languages : en
Pages : 240
Book Description
Fmoc Solid Phase Peptide Synthesis
Author: W. ChanPublisher: OUP Oxford
ISBN: 0199637245
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 371
Book Description
Since the publication of Atherton and Sheppard's volume, the technique of Fmoc solid-phase peptide synthesis has matured considerably and is now the standard approach for the routine production of peptides. The focus of this new volume is much broader, and covers the essential procedures.
The World of Peptides
Author: Theodor WielandPublisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642758509
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 311
Book Description
Almost two centuries ago proteins were recognized as the primary materials (proteios = primary) oflife, but the significance and wide role of peptides (from pepsis = digestion) in practically all life pro cesses has only become apparent in the last few decades. Biologi cally active peptides are now being discovered at rapid intervals in the brain and in other organs including the heart, in the skin of amphibians and many other tissues. Peptides and peptide-like compounds are found among toxins and antibiotics. It is unlikely that this process, an almost explosive broadening of the field, will come to a sudden halt. By now it is obvious that Nature has used the combination of a small to moderate number of amino acids to generate a great variety of agonists with specific and often highly sophisticated functions. Thus, peptide chemistry must be regarded as a discipline in its own right, a major branch of biochemistry, fairly separate from the chemistry of proteins. Because of the important role played by synthesis both in the study and in the practical preparation of peptides, their area can be considered as belonging to bio-organic chemistry as well. The already overwhelming and still increasing body of know ledge renders an account of the history of peptide chemistry more and more difficult. It appears therefore timely to look back, to take stock and to recall the important stages in the development of a new discipline.
Melanins and Melanogenesis
Author: Giuseppe ProtaPublisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0323139396
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 305
Book Description
This volume covers all aspects of melanin pigmentation, providing a concise, comprehensive picture of new knowledge gained at the frontiers of research. It draws heavily on the author's 30-year activity in the field and his continuing work with specialists of widely diverse disciplines. The core of the volume deals with the structure, physicochemical properties, and biosynthesis of the major classes of melanin pigments, including neuromelanins. Further discussions include the biology of the various types of pigment-producing cells, the structure and mode of action of tyrosinase, and the chemistry of urinary melanogens and their biomedical applications as metabolic markers of melanocyte activity, especially for the follow-up of malignant melanoma. Finally, the volume considers progress in the photobiology and photochemistry of melanins, with special emphasis on the controversial role of these pigments in skin photoprotection. Melanins and Melanogenesis is ideally suited as a basic guide for newcomers, and a handy source of specific information for practitioners in academic, medical, and industrial settings.
Voltage Gated Sodium Channels
Author: Peter C. RubenPublisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642415881
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 328
Book Description
A number of techniques to study ion channels have been developed since the electrical basis of excitability was first discovered. Ion channel biophysicists have at their disposal a rich and ever-growing array of instruments and reagents to explore the biophysical and structural basis of sodium channel behavior. Armed with these tools, researchers have made increasingly dramatic discoveries about sodium channels, culminating most recently in crystal structures of voltage-gated sodium channels from bacteria. These structures, along with those from other channels, give unprecedented insight into the structural basis of sodium channel function. This volume of the Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology will explore sodium channels from the perspectives of their biophysical behavior, their structure, the drugs and toxins with which they are known to interact, acquired and inherited diseases that affect sodium channels and the techniques with which their biophysical and structural properties are studied.
Basic Biology and Applications of Actinobacteria
Author: Shymaa EnanyPublisher: BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN: 1789846145
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 133
Book Description
Actinobacteria have an extensive bioactive secondary metabolism and produce a huge amount of naturally derived antibiotics, as well as many anticancer, anthelmintic, and antifungal compounds. These bacteria are of major importance for biotechnology, medicine, and agriculture. In this book, we present the experience of worldwide specialists in the field of Actinobacteria, exploring their current knowledge and future prospects.