Exploration of Electrolytes for Zn Anode Rechargeable Batteries PDF Download
Are you looking for read ebook online? Search for your book and save it on your Kindle device, PC, phones or tablets. Download Exploration of Electrolytes for Zn Anode Rechargeable Batteries PDF full book. Access full book title Exploration of Electrolytes for Zn Anode Rechargeable Batteries by Min Xu. Download full books in PDF and EPUB format.
Author: Min Xu Publisher: ISBN: Category : Electric batteries Languages : en Pages : 99
Book Description
For Zn anode rechargeable batteries, there are a number of shortcomings associated with using traditional KOH aqueous electrolytes. These include drying-out of the electrolyte due to water evaporation and dendrite formation at the Zn electrode during recharging, which severely impair battery performance (e.g., cycle life and capacity) and limit their application. In particular, to solve the problem of dendrite formation that could cause short-circuit issues, many attempts have been made to modify the Zn electrode and the electrolyte, as well as to choose a desirable and robust separator. However, no breakthrough has been achieved on the basis of conventional KOH aqueous electrolytes. It is, therefore, critical to either modify conventional KOH aqueous electrolytes or explore alternative electrolytes to eliminate these bottlenecks to the development of a feasible Zn anode rechargeable battery system. Room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) in recent years have been increasingly recognized as potential electrolytes or electrolyte components for rechargeable batteries. Applying non-volatile RTILs as electrolytes provides potential benefits of achieving a longer service life, as drying out due to water evaporation is no longer a problem. Furthermore, RTILs demonstrate the capacity to modify metal deposit morphology, which may contribute greatly to preventing Zn dendrite formation and improving battery cycle life. On the other hand, compared with alkaline electrolytes, a simple electrolyte system composed of an RTIL as the sole component faces the challenge of enhancing its low conductivity (one to two orders of magnitude lower than aqueous electrolytes) before it can be practically applied in a battery. With the purpose of developing electrolyte systems that can harness the benefits from both RTILs (Zn morphology control) and aqueous electrolytes (rapid Zn redox kinetics), two groups of electrolytes are investigated in this study. One is based on RTILs, composed of pyrrolidinium or imidazolium cations and bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide or dicyanamide anions, with the incorporation of diluents (water and/or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)). Another one adopts RTILs as additives to modify conventional KOH aqueous electrolytes. A larger portion of this work was focused on the former group. By applying cyclic voltammetry (CV), potentiodynamic polarization and chronoamperometry (CA), the kinetics, reversibility and cyclability of Zn redox behavior is explored in the studied electrolytes. The morphology of Zn deposits is observed and analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). With respect to RTIL-based electrolytes, conductivity measurements, together with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and gas-phase density functional theory (DFT) are performed to investigate water interaction with RTIL ions and to shed light on the mechanisms for improved Zn redox behavior with water addition. For RTIL-based electrolytes, to balance the pros (improved electrolyte conductivity and Zn redox kinetic performance) and cons (reduced electrochemical stability of RTILs) of adding diluent(s) is of great importance in the development of workable electrolyte systems. Among six kinds of studied RTILs, i.e., 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (BMP-TFSI), 1-methyl-1-propylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (MPrP-TFSI), 1-methyl-1-pentylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (MPP-TFSI), 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (EMI-TFSI), 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium dicyanamide (BMP-DCA) and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide (EMI-DCA), an electrolyte system composed of EMI-DCA with the addition of both water and DMSO at a mole ratio of EMI-DCA:H2O:DMSO = 1:1.1:2.3 exhibits the best performance in terms of electrolyte conductivity, electrochemical properties for Zn redox reactions and Zn deposit morphology. For conventional alkaline aqueous electrolytes, adding an appropriate RTIL as the electrolyte additive can effectively eliminate Zn dendrite formation during electrodeposition. It is worth noting that hydrophilic RTILs are better relative to hydrophobic RTILs when it comes to obtaining desirable Zn morphologies and preventing dendritic Zn formation. An electrolyte composed of 9.0 M KOH + 5.0 wt% ZnO with a hydrophilic RTIL, i.e., 0.5 wt% EMI-DCA, appears to be a promising electrolyte system. These results give insights into developing novel alkaline aqueous electrolytes, which are deliberately modified with hydrophilic RTILs, for Zn anode rechargeable batteries.
Author: Min Xu Publisher: ISBN: Category : Electric batteries Languages : en Pages : 99
Book Description
For Zn anode rechargeable batteries, there are a number of shortcomings associated with using traditional KOH aqueous electrolytes. These include drying-out of the electrolyte due to water evaporation and dendrite formation at the Zn electrode during recharging, which severely impair battery performance (e.g., cycle life and capacity) and limit their application. In particular, to solve the problem of dendrite formation that could cause short-circuit issues, many attempts have been made to modify the Zn electrode and the electrolyte, as well as to choose a desirable and robust separator. However, no breakthrough has been achieved on the basis of conventional KOH aqueous electrolytes. It is, therefore, critical to either modify conventional KOH aqueous electrolytes or explore alternative electrolytes to eliminate these bottlenecks to the development of a feasible Zn anode rechargeable battery system. Room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) in recent years have been increasingly recognized as potential electrolytes or electrolyte components for rechargeable batteries. Applying non-volatile RTILs as electrolytes provides potential benefits of achieving a longer service life, as drying out due to water evaporation is no longer a problem. Furthermore, RTILs demonstrate the capacity to modify metal deposit morphology, which may contribute greatly to preventing Zn dendrite formation and improving battery cycle life. On the other hand, compared with alkaline electrolytes, a simple electrolyte system composed of an RTIL as the sole component faces the challenge of enhancing its low conductivity (one to two orders of magnitude lower than aqueous electrolytes) before it can be practically applied in a battery. With the purpose of developing electrolyte systems that can harness the benefits from both RTILs (Zn morphology control) and aqueous electrolytes (rapid Zn redox kinetics), two groups of electrolytes are investigated in this study. One is based on RTILs, composed of pyrrolidinium or imidazolium cations and bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide or dicyanamide anions, with the incorporation of diluents (water and/or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)). Another one adopts RTILs as additives to modify conventional KOH aqueous electrolytes. A larger portion of this work was focused on the former group. By applying cyclic voltammetry (CV), potentiodynamic polarization and chronoamperometry (CA), the kinetics, reversibility and cyclability of Zn redox behavior is explored in the studied electrolytes. The morphology of Zn deposits is observed and analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). With respect to RTIL-based electrolytes, conductivity measurements, together with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and gas-phase density functional theory (DFT) are performed to investigate water interaction with RTIL ions and to shed light on the mechanisms for improved Zn redox behavior with water addition. For RTIL-based electrolytes, to balance the pros (improved electrolyte conductivity and Zn redox kinetic performance) and cons (reduced electrochemical stability of RTILs) of adding diluent(s) is of great importance in the development of workable electrolyte systems. Among six kinds of studied RTILs, i.e., 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (BMP-TFSI), 1-methyl-1-propylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (MPrP-TFSI), 1-methyl-1-pentylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (MPP-TFSI), 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (EMI-TFSI), 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium dicyanamide (BMP-DCA) and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide (EMI-DCA), an electrolyte system composed of EMI-DCA with the addition of both water and DMSO at a mole ratio of EMI-DCA:H2O:DMSO = 1:1.1:2.3 exhibits the best performance in terms of electrolyte conductivity, electrochemical properties for Zn redox reactions and Zn deposit morphology. For conventional alkaline aqueous electrolytes, adding an appropriate RTIL as the electrolyte additive can effectively eliminate Zn dendrite formation during electrodeposition. It is worth noting that hydrophilic RTILs are better relative to hydrophobic RTILs when it comes to obtaining desirable Zn morphologies and preventing dendritic Zn formation. An electrolyte composed of 9.0 M KOH + 5.0 wt% ZnO with a hydrophilic RTIL, i.e., 0.5 wt% EMI-DCA, appears to be a promising electrolyte system. These results give insights into developing novel alkaline aqueous electrolytes, which are deliberately modified with hydrophilic RTILs, for Zn anode rechargeable batteries.
Author: Rajender Boddula Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 1119661897 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 272
Book Description
Battery technology is constantly changing, and the concepts and applications of these changes are rapidly becoming increasingly more important as more and more industries and individuals continue to make “greener” choices in their energy sources. As global dependence on fossil fuels slowly wanes, there is a heavier and heavier importance placed on cleaner power sources and methods for storing and transporting that power. Battery technology is a huge part of this global energy revolution. Zinc batteries are an advantageous choice over lithium-based batteries, which have dominated the market for years in multiple areas, most specifically in electric vehicles and other battery-powered devices. Zinc is the fourth most abundant metal in the world, which is influential in its lower cost, making it a very attractive material for use in batteries. Zinc-based batteries have been around since the 1930s, but only now are they taking center stage in the energy, automotive, and other industries. Zinc Batteries: Basics, Developments, and Applicationsis intended as a discussion of the different zinc batteries for energy storage applications. It also provides an in-depth description of various energy storage materials for Zinc (Zn) batteries. This book is an invaluable reference guide for electrochemists, chemical engineers, students, faculty, and R&D professionals in energy storage science, material science, and renewable energy.
Author: Haiyan Wang Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 3527835059 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 341
Book Description
Aqueous Zinc Ion Batteries Pioneering reference book providing the latest developments and experimental results of aqueous zinc ion batteries Aqueous Zinc Ion Batteries comprehensively reviews latest advances in aqueous zinc ion batteries and clarifies the relationships between issues and solutions for the emerging battery technology. Starting with the history, the text covers essentials of each component of aqueous zinc ion batteries, including cathodes, anodes, and electrolytes, helping readers quickly attain a foundational understanding of the subject. Written by three highly qualified authors with significant experience in the field, Aqueous Zinc Ion Batteries provides in-depth coverage of sample topics such as: History, main challenges, and zinc metal anodes for aqueous zinc ion batteries Electrochemical reaction mechanism of aqueous zinc ion batteries and interfacial plating and stripping on zinc anodes Cathode materials for aqueous zinc ion batteries, covering manganese-based materials, vanadium-based materials, Prussian blue analogs, and other cathode materials Development of electrolytes, issues, and corresponding solutions for aqueous zinc ion batteries Separators for aqueous zinc ion batteries, development of full zinc ion batteries, and future perspectives on the technology A detailed resource on a promising alternative to current lithium-ion battery systems, Aqueous Zinc Ion Batteries is an essential read for materials scientists, electrochemists, inorganic chemists, surface chemists, catalytic chemists, and surface physicists who want to be on the cutting edge of a promising new type of battery technology.
Author: Zongping Shao Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 3527350462 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 309
Book Description
Zinc–Air Batteries Authoritative and comprehensive resource covering foundational knowledge of zinc–air batteries as well as their practical applications Zinc–Air Batteries provides a comprehensive understanding of the history and development of Zn–air batteries, with a systematic overview of components, design, and device innovation, along with recent advances in the field, especially with regards to the cathode catalyst design made by cutting-edge materials, engineering processes, and technologies. In particular, design principles regarding the key components of Zn–air batteries, ranging from air cathode, to zinc anode, and to electrolyte, are emphasized. Furthermore, industrial developments of Zn–air batteries are discussed and emerging new designs of Zn–air batteries are also introduced. The authors argue that designing advanced Zn–air battery technologies is important to the realization of efficient energy storage and conversion—and, going further, eventually holds the key to a sustainable energy future and a carbon-neutral goal. Edited and contributed to by leading professionals and researchers in the field, Zinc–Air Batteries also contains information regarding: Design of oxygen reduction catalysts in primary zinc–air batteries, including precious metals, single-atoms, carbons, and transition metal oxides Design of bifunctional oxygen catalysts in rechargeable zinc–air batteries, covering specific oxygen redox reactions and catalyst candidates Design of three-dimensional air cathode in zinc–air batteries, covering loading of carbon-based and transition metal catalysts, plus design of the three-phase interface Design of electrolyte for zinc–air batteries, including liquid electrolytes (e.g., alkaline) and gel polymer electrolytes (e.g., PVA hydrogel) For students, researchers, and instructors working in battery technologies, materials science, and electrochemistry, and for industry and government representatives for decision making associated with energy and transportation, Zinc–Air Batteries summarizes the research results on Zn–air batteries and thereby helps researchers and developers to implement the technology in practice.
Author: Jianmin Ma Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry ISBN: 1839167580 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 380
Book Description
Rechargeable batteries are one of the crucial ways we are going to solve the sustainable energy crisis. Lithium-ion batteries have been commercialised and are heavily relied upon, however, the scarcity of lithium resources increases the production cost and hinders further application. Additionally, the toxic and flammable electrolyte brings many potential safety hazards including environmental pollution. Looking for low-cost, safe, and environmentally friendly alternatives to LIBs has become a valuable research direction. The modification of batteries is focused on the anode, the cathode and electrolyte. Globally, researchers have moved onto new rechargeable batteries based on multivalent metal ions which have been extensively studied, including K+, Ca2+, Mg2+ and Al3+. However, the electrolyte is a very important component of a battery as its physical and chemical properties directly affect the electrochemical performance and energy storage mechanism. Finding and selecting an appropriate electrolyte system is a crucial factor that must be taken into account to make these post-lithium-ion batteries commercially viable. Until now, it has been challenging to develop a suitable electrolyte with a wide electrochemical stability window and stable anode interface. This book covers all the major ion-battery groups and their electrolytes, examining their performance and suitability in different solvents: aqueous, non-aqueous, solid gel and polymer. It is suitable for all levels of students and researchers who want to understand the fundamentals and future challenges of developing electrolytes.
Author: Prasanth Raghavan Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1040106382 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 397
Book Description
This volume covers recent advanced battery systems such as metal-ion, hybrid, and metal-air batteries. It includes an introduction to fluoride, potassium, zinc, chloride, aluminium, and iron-ion batteries; special or hybrid batteries are included, with calcium, nuclear, thermal, and lithium-magnesium hybrid batteries also explained. It summarizes the recent progress and chemistry behind the popular metal-air batteries, including a systematic overview of the components, design, and integration of these new battery technologies. Features: Covers recent battery technologies in detail, from the chemistry to advances in post-lithium-ion batteries. Various post-lithium-ion batteries are discussed in detail. Includes a section on ion batteries, exploring new types of metal-ion batteries. Focuses in each chapter on a particular battery type, including different metal-ion batteries such as zinc, potassium, aluminium, and their air version batteries. Provides authoritative coverage of scientific content via global contributing experts. This book is aimed at graduate students, researchers, and professionals in materials science, chemical and electrical engineering, and electrochemistry.
Author: Haiyan Wang Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 352734974X Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 341
Book Description
Aqueous Zinc Ion Batteries Pioneering reference book providing the latest developments and experimental results of aqueous zinc ion batteries Aqueous Zinc Ion Batteries comprehensively reviews latest advances in aqueous zinc ion batteries and clarifies the relationships between issues and solutions for the emerging battery technology. Starting with the history, the text covers essentials of each component of aqueous zinc ion batteries, including cathodes, anodes, and electrolytes, helping readers quickly attain a foundational understanding of the subject. Written by three highly qualified authors with significant experience in the field, Aqueous Zinc Ion Batteries provides in-depth coverage of sample topics such as: History, main challenges, and zinc metal anodes for aqueous zinc ion batteries Electrochemical reaction mechanism of aqueous zinc ion batteries and interfacial plating and stripping on zinc anodes Cathode materials for aqueous zinc ion batteries, covering manganese-based materials, vanadium-based materials, Prussian blue analogs, and other cathode materials Development of electrolytes, issues, and corresponding solutions for aqueous zinc ion batteries Separators for aqueous zinc ion batteries, development of full zinc ion batteries, and future perspectives on the technology A detailed resource on a promising alternative to current lithium-ion battery systems, Aqueous Zinc Ion Batteries is an essential read for materials scientists, electrochemists, inorganic chemists, surface chemists, catalytic chemists, and surface physicists who want to be on the cutting edge of a promising new type of battery technology.
Author: Mesfin A. Kebede Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1000457869 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 518
Book Description
This book provides a comprehensive overview of the latest developments and materials used in electrochemical energy storage and conversion devices, including lithium-ion batteries, sodium-ion batteries, zinc-ion batteries, supercapacitors and conversion materials for solar and fuel cells. Chapters introduce the technologies behind each material, in addition to the fundamental principles of the devices, and their wider impact and contribution to the field. This book will be an ideal reference for researchers and individuals working in industries based on energy storage and conversion technologies across physics, chemistry and engineering. FEATURES Edited by established authorities, with chapter contributions from subject-area specialists Provides a comprehensive review of the field Up to date with the latest developments and research Editors Dr. Mesfin A. Kebede obtained his PhD in Metallurgical Engineering from Inha University, South Korea. He is now a principal research scientist at Energy Centre of Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), South Africa. He was previously an assistant professor in the Department of Applied Physics and Materials Science at Hawassa University, Ethiopia. His extensive research experience covers the use of electrode materials for energy storage and energy conversion. Prof. Fabian I. Ezema is a professor at the University of Nigeria, Nsukka. He obtained his PhD in Physics and Astronomy from University of Nigeria, Nsukka. His research focuses on several areas of materials science with an emphasis on energy applications, specifically electrode materials for energy conversion and storage.
Author: Licheng Miao Publisher: OAE Publishing Inc. ISBN: Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 31
Book Description
Mildly acidic aqueous zinc (Zn) batteries are promising for large-energy storage but suffer from the irreversibility of Zn metal anodes due to parasitic H2 evolution, Zn corrosion, and dendrite growth. In recent years, increasing efforts have been devoted to overcoming these obstacles by regulating electrolyte structures. In this review, we investigate progress towards mildly acidic aqueous electrolytes for Zn batteries, with special emphasis on how the microstructures (in the bulk phase and on the surface of Zn anodes) affect the performance of Zn anodes. Moreover, effective computational simulations and characterization measurements for the structures of bulk electrolytes and Zn/electrolyte interfaces are discussed, along with perspectives for the direction of further investigations.
Author: Kyung Eun Kate Sun Publisher: ISBN: Category : Electroplating Languages : en Pages : 61
Book Description
With the rise of the environmental concerns from combustion of fossil fuels, the demand for the alternative clean energy sources has increased. One of the alternatives is rechargeable batteries. Among many types of rechargeable batteries, lithium-ion batteries have been the most promising due to the high energy density and long lifespan. The current lithium-ion batteries, however, hold a drawback as they utilize organic electrolytes. The use of organic electrolytes not only raises safety and environmental concerns, but also results in a higher manufacturing cost than would be with aqueous electrolytes. Therefore, these issues can be solved by replacing the organic electrolytes with aqueous electrolytes. Among the many types of lithium-ion batteries with aqueous electrolytes, Rechargeable Hybrid Aqueous Battery (ReHAB) was selected in this project. ReHAB utilizes lithium manganese oxide (LiMn2O4) as the cathode and zinc as the anode. LiMn2O4 is a good candidate because tightly bounded lithium ions make LiMn2O4 stable in air and water. Also, it shows a small volume variation between lithiated and non-lithiated states. Zinc metal was chosen because of its low redox potential, good reversibility, high over-potential for hydrogen evolution in acidic environment, large specific capacity, good corrosion resistance, and cost effectiveness. While ReHAB is free of the problems posed by organic electrolytes in traditional Li-ion batteries, the current ReHAB technology must be improved to perform competitively in market. More specifically regarding the zinc anode, there are issues of corrosion, dendrite formation, and hydrogen evolution. Therefore, the goal of this project was to synthesize novel zinc anodes via electroplating with additives (organic and inorganic) reported in literature to mitigate issues of corrosion, dendrite formation, and hydrogen evolution (side reactions). The selected organic additives were cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), sodium dodecyle sulfate (SDS), polyethylene glycol 8000 (PEG), and thiourea; and the inorganic additives were indium (II) sulfate, tin (IV) oxide, and boric acid. Each anode was characterized by the following measurements to rate its performance: float current, corrosion current, cyclability, x-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscope. All the anodes created with the inorganic and almost all with the organic additives performed better than the commercial zinc anode. Among the organic additives tested, Zn-SDS performed the best, with the lowest float current and corrosion current measurements and the highest retention of 79% at the end of its 1000th cycle. Among the inorganic additives tested, each fared very similarity, with similar float current and corrosion rate, and retaining in average 78% of the initial discharge capacity at the end of 1000th cycle. Between the organic and inorganic additives, however, the XRD results suggested that in general the zinc deposition efficiencies may be lower for inorganic additives (and thus less favourable when scaling up for commercial production). If the lower current efficiency of inorganic additives (hinted by the XRD results) is verified to be true, then the organic additives that either performed better than or as well as the inorganic additives would be the better choice for the next generation of ReHAB.
Author: Min Xu
Author: Min Xu
Author: Rajender Boddula
Author: Haiyan Wang
Author: Zongping Shao
Author: Jianmin Ma
Author: Prasanth Raghavan
Author: Haiyan Wang
Author: Mesfin A. Kebede
Author: Licheng Miao
Author: Kyung Eun Kate Sun