Explaining Recidivsm [i.e. Recidivism] PDF Download

Author: Paul Elam
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : African American men
Languages : en
Pages : 294

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Author: Edward Zamble
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 9780521795104
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 196

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Book Description
This book addresses how and why criminal offenders repeat their actions after being released from prison. It is part of an attempt to explain criminal behavior within the context of a contemporary psychological understanding of behavior, rather than more traditional theories of crime. Over 300 serious male criminal offenders were interviewed and tested after they returned to prison for new crimes. The results indicate that their new offenses may be the result of something like a 'breakdown'. From this, it can be argued that we could monitor released prisoners to predict or even to prevent their return to crime. This report, written for a general audience, has some important implications for release supervision, rehabilitation programs, and the prediction of recidivism.

Author: Michael D. Maltz
Publisher: Michael Maltz
ISBN: 0124689809
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 252

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Book Description

Author: Georgia Zara
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1136185127
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 482

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Book Description
Criminal Recidivism intends to fill a gap in the criminological psychology literature by examining the processes underlying persistent criminal careers. This book aims to investigate criminal recidivism, and why, how and for how long an individual continues to commit crimes, whilst also reviewing knowledge about risk assessment and the role of psychopathy (including neurocriminological factors) in encouraging recidivism. It also focuses on the recidivism of sex offenders and on what works in reducing reoffending. At an empirical level, this book attempts to explain criminal persistence and recidivism using longitudinal data from the Cambridge Study in Delinquent Development (CSDD). At a psycho-criminological level it joins together quantitative and qualitative analyses, making its content a practical guide to explain, predict, and intervene to reduce the risk of criminal recidivism. The authors present quantitative analyses of criminal careers, as well as qualitative life histories of chronic offenders, in order to bring home the reality and consequences of a life of crime. The book is aimed not only at advanced students and academics in psychology, criminology, probation studies, social sciences, psychiatry, sociology, political science, and penology, but also at decision makers, policy officials, and practitioners within the realm of crime intervention and prevention, and also at forensic experts, judges and lawyers.

Author: Brian Eric Oliver
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Electronic dissertations
Languages : en
Pages : 238

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Book Description
Numerous studies have shown that several characteristics of offenders are related to their likelihood of recidivism after release from prison. Nearly all of these studies, however, have focused on offenders from just one state. Few studies have examined recidivism rates controlling for the characteristics of offenders from multiple states, and virtually none have examined recidivism rates controlling for characteristics of offenders from multiple states during different periods of time. Additionally, few studies have explored different types of recidivism across multiple jurisdictions. To address these shortcomings, this dissertation applied logistic regression models to data from the publicly available Prisoners Released in 1994 dataset to investigate the extent to which nine individual level factors explain variation in recidivism rates within three years of release from prison across 15 states. The nine factors are: 1) gender, 2) age at first arrest, 3) race, 4) age at release, 5) number of prior arrests, 6) type of current offense, 7) time served, 8) admission type and 9) release type. Eight forms of recidivism were examined: 1) rearrest for any offense, 2) rearrest for a new violent offense, 3) rearrest for a new property offense, 4) rearrest for a new drug offense, 5) rearrest for a new public order offense, 6) reconviction probability if rearrested, 7) reimprisonment probability if reconvicted, and 8) parole violations. The dissertation investigated differences in the effects of the individual level factors on each form of recidivism. To investigate the effects of criminal justice policies and practices on state differences in recidivism rates, multilevel models were estimated that include three contextual variables, in addition to the nine individual factors. The state-level contextual variables are: 1) drug arrests per 100,000 residents, 2) police officers per 1,000 residents and 3) the arrest-offense ratio. In a final analysis, regression analyses were conducted to determine the extent to which the nine individual factors explain the increase in the three-year rearrest rates among persons released from prison in 1983 and 1994. The findings reveal that differences in individual level characteristics help to explain the variation across states for some, but not all, forms of recidivism.

Author: Robert J. Trudel
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Government publications
Languages : en
Pages : 40

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Author: Stacy Ramdhan
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
ISBN: 3640968999
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 28

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Book Description
Project Report from the year 2010 in the subject Law - Criminal process, Criminology, Law Enforcement, grade: A, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine (-), language: English, abstract: The term recidivism falls under the umbrella of Criminology, which “embraces environmental, hereditary or psychology causes of criminal behaviour, modes of investigation and conviction and the efficacy of punishment.” It is considered as a critical aspect of the Criminal Justice System and refers to ‘repeated or habitual criminal behaviour’ (Taylor, 1984). The assumption made here is that, when the crime rate increases, the number of individuals committing crimes increases. In other words the rate of recidivism is increasing. Recidivism is the act of a person repeating an undesirable behaviour after they have either experienced negative consequences of that behaviour, or have been treated or trained to extinguish that behaviour. It is also known as the percentage of former prisons who are arrested. Dr. Ken Pryce (1982), states that ‘recidivism simple means repetitive criminal or deviate behaviour among low income offenders and usually implies that the treatment or punishment has failed to bring about a permanent change or cure.’ Recidivism rates vary according to individual and contextual/social level risk factors. In this study the authors have identified only three individual level risk factors which include previous history dynamics, psychopathic disorder and educational performance and school discipline. The contextual or social (aggregate) level risk variables comprises of family factors, community factors and peer influence.

Author: Paul Gendreau
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780662284062
Category : Prison sentences
Languages : en
Pages : 39

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Book Description

Author: Edward J. Latessa
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 100007434X
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 396

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Book Description
What Works (and Doesn’t) in Reducing Recidivism offers criminologists and students an evidence-based discussion of the latest trends in corrections. Experts Latessa, Johnson, and Koetzle translate the research and findings about what works and doesn’t work in reducing recidivism into understandable concepts and terms, presenting them in a way that illustrates the value of research to practice. Over the last several decades, research has clearly shown that rehabilitation efforts can be effective in reducing recidivism among criminal offenders, but it is clear that treatment is not a one-size-fits-all approach. Offenders vary by gender, age, crime type, and/or addictions, to name but a few ways, and these individual needs must be addressed by providers. Finally, issues such as leadership, quality of staff, and evaluation efforts affect the quality and delivery of treatment services. While other texts have addressed issues regarding treatment in corrections, this text is unique in that it not only discusses the research on "what works" but also addresses the implementation issues faced as practitioners move from theory to practice, as well as the importance of staff, leadership, and evaluation efforts. This book synthesizes the vast research for the student interested in correctional rehabilitation as well as for the practitioner working with offenders.

Author: Stuart Kinner
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0199374848
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 305

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Book Description
This edited volume provides the first ever comprehensive, international and multi-disciplinary review of the evidence regarding substance use and harms in people who cycle through prisons and jails. Grounded in solid evidence and a human rights framework, the text provides a roadmap for evidence-based reform