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Author: Ray Douglas Carpenter Publisher: ISBN: 9781303151064 Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
The primary objective of this research was to extend established fracture toughnesstesting methods to a new class of engineering materials known as functionally gradedmaterials (FGMs). Secondary goals were to compare experimental results to thosepredicted by finite element models and to provide fracture test results as feedback towardoptimizing processing parameters for the in-house synthesis of a MoSi2/SiC FGM.Preliminary experiments were performed on commercially pure (CP) Ti and uniformaxial tensile tests resulted in mechanical property data including yield strength, 268 MPa,ultimate tensile strength, 470 MPa and Young's modulus, 110 GPa. Results from 3-pointbending fracture experiments on CP Ti demonstrated rising R-curve behavior andexperimentally determined J[Q] fracture toughness values ranged between 153 N/mm and254 N/mm. Similar experimental protocols were used for fracture experiments on a 7-layered Ti/TiB FGM material obtained from Cercom in Vista, California. A noveltechnique for pre-cracking in reverse 4-point bending was developed for thisductile/brittle FGM material. Fracture test results exhibited rising R-curve behavior and estimated J[Q] fracture toughness values ranged from 0.49 N/mm to 2.63 N/mm. A 5-layered MoSi2/SiC FGM was synthesized using spark plasma sintering (SPS). Samples ofthis material were fracture tested and the results again exhibited a rising R-curve with K[IC] fracture toughness values ranging from 2.7 MPa-m1/2 to 6.0 MPa-m1/2. Finite Element Models predicted rising R-curve behavior for both of the FGM materials tested. Modelresults were in close agreement for the brittle MoSi2/SiC FGM. For the relatively moreductile Ti/TiB material, results were in close agreement at short crack lengths butdiverged at longer crack lengths because the models accounted for fracture tougheningmechanisms at the crack tip but not those acting in the crack wake.
Author: Ray Douglas Carpenter Publisher: ISBN: 9781303151064 Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
The primary objective of this research was to extend established fracture toughnesstesting methods to a new class of engineering materials known as functionally gradedmaterials (FGMs). Secondary goals were to compare experimental results to thosepredicted by finite element models and to provide fracture test results as feedback towardoptimizing processing parameters for the in-house synthesis of a MoSi2/SiC FGM.Preliminary experiments were performed on commercially pure (CP) Ti and uniformaxial tensile tests resulted in mechanical property data including yield strength, 268 MPa,ultimate tensile strength, 470 MPa and Young's modulus, 110 GPa. Results from 3-pointbending fracture experiments on CP Ti demonstrated rising R-curve behavior andexperimentally determined J[Q] fracture toughness values ranged between 153 N/mm and254 N/mm. Similar experimental protocols were used for fracture experiments on a 7-layered Ti/TiB FGM material obtained from Cercom in Vista, California. A noveltechnique for pre-cracking in reverse 4-point bending was developed for thisductile/brittle FGM material. Fracture test results exhibited rising R-curve behavior and estimated J[Q] fracture toughness values ranged from 0.49 N/mm to 2.63 N/mm. A 5-layered MoSi2/SiC FGM was synthesized using spark plasma sintering (SPS). Samples ofthis material were fracture tested and the results again exhibited a rising R-curve with K[IC] fracture toughness values ranging from 2.7 MPa-m1/2 to 6.0 MPa-m1/2. Finite Element Models predicted rising R-curve behavior for both of the FGM materials tested. Modelresults were in close agreement for the brittle MoSi2/SiC FGM. For the relatively moreductile Ti/TiB material, results were in close agreement at short crack lengths butdiverged at longer crack lengths because the models accounted for fracture tougheningmechanisms at the crack tip but not those acting in the crack wake.
Author: G.H. Paulino Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 9780080441603 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 306
Book Description
Scientific research on functionally graded materials (FGM's) looks at functions of gradients in materials comprising thermodynamic, mechanical, chemical, optical, electromagnetic, and/or biological aspects. This collection of technical papers represents current research interests with regard to the fracture behaviour of FGM's. The papers provide a balance between theoretical, computational, and experimental techniques. It also indicates areas for increased development, such as constraint effects, full experimental characterization of engineering FGM's under static and dynamic loading, development of fracture criteria with predictive capability, multiphysics and multiscale failure considerations, and connection of research with industrial applications.
Author: Haider Khazal Publisher: ISBN: Category : Digital image correlation Languages : en Pages : 11
Book Description
This research reports the computation of the fracture parameters, namely T-stress and stress intensity factors of a stepwise functionally graded material (FGM) by using the digital image correlation technique. A five-layer epoxy/glass FGM with layers varying from pure epoxy to 60 % glass/40 % epoxy was investigated. The effects of the crack-tip positions and crack length on the nonsingular terms were analyzed. In addition, the numerical simulation of the layered FGM was investigated to further evaluate the fracture parameters. The numerical and experimental model results were compared, and good agreement was obtained between the experimental and numerical tests. Accordingly, the numerical models developed with the corresponding material properties can be used for the evaluation of fracture parameters of the developed FGM.
Author: I. Shiota Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 0080532098 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 803
Book Description
Since a formulated concept of functionally graded materials (FGMs) was proposed in 1984 as a means of preparing thermal barrier materials, a coordinated research has been developed since 1986. The 125 papers presented here present state of the art research results and developments on FGM from the past decade. A wide spectra of topics are covered including design and modeling, fracture analysis, powder metallurgical processes, deposition and spray processes, reaction forming processes, novel processes, material evaluation for structural applications, organic and intelligent materials. Three reviews associated with national research programs on FGMs promoted in Japan and Germany, and the historical perspective of FGM research in Europe are presented as well. The resulting work is recommended to researchers, engineers and graduate school students in the fields of materials science and engineering, mechanical and medical engineering.
Author: Jonathan A. Salem Publisher: ASTM International ISBN: 0803128800 Category : Brittleness Languages : en Pages : 228
Book Description
From a November 2000 symposium in Orlando, Florida, 14 papers review the new standards promulgated by American, European, and Japanese professional associations for testing fracture toughness, slow crack growth, and biaxial strength in brittle ceramics. They address a variety of topics regarding imp
Author: Brett Kenneth Hauber Publisher: ISBN: Category : Functionally gradient materials Languages : en Pages : 184
Book Description
Interest in the development and application of functionally graded materials (FGM) has increased in recent years, leading to their limited use in a number of commercial and military products. More recently, interest in the use of FGMs in aircraft fuselage structures as integrated thermal protection systems has also begun to develop. However, our limited ability to predict the nucleation and fatigue propagation of cracks in these materials limits the application of FGMs to non fracture critical structures, reducing the potential benefits of their incorporation. A first step toward addressing this technology gap is to evaluate whether linear elastic fracture mechanics methods, appropriately modified to account for material non homogeneity, can be used to predict fatigue crack propagation in an arbitrarily graded metal/ceramic FGM. This dissertation documents new developments for characterization and modeling of fatigue crack propagation in FGMs. Unique precracking and characterization methods, and a Paris equation dependent upon stress intensity and material phase volume fraction and gradients are developed for FGMs. Hybrid numerical experiments are used to develop and verify a multivariable regression (MVR) method for identifying the effective crack tip coordinates and accurately recovering stress intensity from 2-D crack tip displacement field measurements in FGMs. Numerical and experimental results for Ti-TiB FGM specimens validate the MVR method for recovery of stress intensity in FGMs when allowing for the presence of manufacturing-induced residual stresses. Predicted fatigue crack propagation rates also compare favorably with experimental results, but are limited in accuracy by the effects of residual stresses. Residual stresses modify crack tip stress intensities and their effects are only accountable here by using the MVR recovered stress intensities. The results suggest that a Paris equation including material gradients as independent variables is viable. However, an accurate means of accounting for residual stresses in arbitrary FGM forms must be developed if linear elastic fracture mechanics methods are to be used effectively, otherwise excessive experimental characterization of fatigue crack propagation properties would be required.
Author: GH. Paulino Publisher: ISBN: Category : Brittleness Languages : en Pages : 16
Book Description
This paper describes measurements of the KI R-curve for a layered ceramicmetallic functionally graded material (FGM) composed of Ti and TiB phases. Single edge notch bend specimens were fabricated for crack propagation perpendicular to the graded layers from the brittle to the ductile side of the FGM. The precracking method and residual stresses affected the measured toughness. A new reverse bending method produced a sharp precrack without damaging the material. A representative sample indicates R-curve behavior rising from Kmeas = 7 MPa•m1/2 in the initial crack-tip location (38% Ti and 62% TiB) to 31 MPa•m1/2 in pure Ti. Residual stresses acting normal to the crack-plane were measured in the parent plate using the crack compliance technique. The residual stress intensity factor in the SE(B) specimen determined from the weight function was -2.4 MPa•m1/2 at the initial precrack length. Thus, the actual material toughness at the start of the test was 34% less than the measured value.
Author: Pulak M. Pandey Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1000439348 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 255
Book Description
The science and study of functionally graded materials (FGMs) have intrigued researchers over the last few decades. Their application has the capability to produce parts with unmatched properties which are virtually impossible to obtain via conventional material routes. This book addresses various FGM aspects and provides a relevant, high-quality, and comprehensive data source. The book covers trends, process classification on various bases, physical processes involved, structure, properties, applications, advantages, and limitations. Emerging trends in the field are discussed in detail and advancements are thoroughly reviewed and presented to broaden the spectrum of FGM applications. This reference book will be of interest to scholars, researchers, academicians, industry practitioners, government labs, libraries, and anyone interested in the area of materials engineering.
Author: Ray Douglas Carpenter
Author: Ray Douglas Carpenter
Author: G.H. Paulino
Author: G. H. Paulino
Author: Haider Khazal
Author: I. Shiota
Author: The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society
Author: Jonathan A. Salem
Author: Brett Kenneth Hauber
Author: GH. Paulino
Author: Pulak M. Pandey