Author: Andrew Campana
Publisher: Univ of California Press
ISBN: 0520399218
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 244
Book Description
A free ebook version of this title is available through Luminos, University of California Press's Open Access publishing program. Visit www.luminosoa.org to learn more. Expanding Verse explores experimental poetic practice at key moments of transition in Japan's media landscape from the 1920s to the present. Andrew Campana centers hybrid poetic forms in modern and contemporary Japan--many of which have never been examined in detail before--including the cinepoem, the tape recorder poem, the protest performance poem, the music video poem, the online sign language poem, and the augmented reality poem. Drawing together approaches from literary, media, and disability studies, he contends that poetry actively aimed to disrupt the norms of media in each era. For the poets in Expanding Verse, poetry was not a medium in and of itself but a way to push back against what new media technologies crystallized and perpetuated. Their aim was to challenge dominant conceptions of embodiment and sensation, as well as who counts as a poet and what counts as poetry. Over and over, poetic practice became a way to think about each medium otherwise, and to find new possibilities at the edge of media.
Expanding Verse
Author: Andrew Campana
Publisher: Univ of California Press
ISBN: 0520399218
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 244
Book Description
A free ebook version of this title is available through Luminos, University of California Press's Open Access publishing program. Visit www.luminosoa.org to learn more. Expanding Verse explores experimental poetic practice at key moments of transition in Japan's media landscape from the 1920s to the present. Andrew Campana centers hybrid poetic forms in modern and contemporary Japan--many of which have never been examined in detail before--including the cinepoem, the tape recorder poem, the protest performance poem, the music video poem, the online sign language poem, and the augmented reality poem. Drawing together approaches from literary, media, and disability studies, he contends that poetry actively aimed to disrupt the norms of media in each era. For the poets in Expanding Verse, poetry was not a medium in and of itself but a way to push back against what new media technologies crystallized and perpetuated. Their aim was to challenge dominant conceptions of embodiment and sensation, as well as who counts as a poet and what counts as poetry. Over and over, poetic practice became a way to think about each medium otherwise, and to find new possibilities at the edge of media.
Publisher: Univ of California Press
ISBN: 0520399218
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 244
Book Description
A free ebook version of this title is available through Luminos, University of California Press's Open Access publishing program. Visit www.luminosoa.org to learn more. Expanding Verse explores experimental poetic practice at key moments of transition in Japan's media landscape from the 1920s to the present. Andrew Campana centers hybrid poetic forms in modern and contemporary Japan--many of which have never been examined in detail before--including the cinepoem, the tape recorder poem, the protest performance poem, the music video poem, the online sign language poem, and the augmented reality poem. Drawing together approaches from literary, media, and disability studies, he contends that poetry actively aimed to disrupt the norms of media in each era. For the poets in Expanding Verse, poetry was not a medium in and of itself but a way to push back against what new media technologies crystallized and perpetuated. Their aim was to challenge dominant conceptions of embodiment and sensation, as well as who counts as a poet and what counts as poetry. Over and over, poetic practice became a way to think about each medium otherwise, and to find new possibilities at the edge of media.
Expanding the Canon
Author: Melissa Hoag
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
ISBN: 1000821625
Category : Music
Languages : en
Pages : 286
Book Description
Directly addressing the underrepresentation of Black composers in core music curricula, Expanding the Canon: Black Composers in the Music Theory Classroom aims to both demonstrate why diversification is badly needed and help faculty expand their teaching with practical, classroom-oriented lesson plans that focus on teaching music theory with music by Black composers. This collection of 21 chapters is loosely arranged to resemble a typical music theory curriculum, with topics progressing from basic to advanced and moving from fundamentals, diatonic harmony, and chromatic harmony to form, popular music, and music of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. Some chapters focus on segments of the traditional music theory sequence, while others consider a single style or composer. Contributors address both methods to incorporate the music of Black composers into familiar topics, and ways to rethink and expand the purview of the music theory curriculum. A foreword by Philip Ewell and an introductory narrative by Teresa L. Reed describing her experiences as an African American student of music set the volume in wider context. Incorporating a wide range of examples by composers across classical, jazz, and popular genres, this book helps bring the rich and varied body of music by Black composers into the core of music theory pedagogy and offers a vital resource for all faculty teaching music theory and analysis.
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
ISBN: 1000821625
Category : Music
Languages : en
Pages : 286
Book Description
Directly addressing the underrepresentation of Black composers in core music curricula, Expanding the Canon: Black Composers in the Music Theory Classroom aims to both demonstrate why diversification is badly needed and help faculty expand their teaching with practical, classroom-oriented lesson plans that focus on teaching music theory with music by Black composers. This collection of 21 chapters is loosely arranged to resemble a typical music theory curriculum, with topics progressing from basic to advanced and moving from fundamentals, diatonic harmony, and chromatic harmony to form, popular music, and music of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. Some chapters focus on segments of the traditional music theory sequence, while others consider a single style or composer. Contributors address both methods to incorporate the music of Black composers into familiar topics, and ways to rethink and expand the purview of the music theory curriculum. A foreword by Philip Ewell and an introductory narrative by Teresa L. Reed describing her experiences as an African American student of music set the volume in wider context. Incorporating a wide range of examples by composers across classical, jazz, and popular genres, this book helps bring the rich and varied body of music by Black composers into the core of music theory pedagogy and offers a vital resource for all faculty teaching music theory and analysis.
Taking Back Astronomy
Author: Dr. Jason Lisle
Publisher: New Leaf Publishing Group
ISBN: 1614582823
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 129
Book Description
"This book is meant to be an introduction only - a starting point to a biblical view of the universe. . . . Who knows what amazing truths are waiting to be discovered if only the shackles of secular thinking are removed. Now is the time of discovery..." Take a breathtaking look at the universe that is comprehensive guide to the heavens! Sit back and explore the world at your fingertips in this book which: Explains the scale and size of the universe that is hard for our minds to imagine - yet can only indicate the Master's hand at work. Over 50 full-color, rarely seen photos of stars, nebulas, and galaxies. Filled with facts that challenge secular theories and models of the universe - how it began and how it continues to amaze the scientific community. Explores numerous evidences that point to a young universe: magnetic poles of planets, the spiral shape of galaxies, comets and how long scientists think they can last, and much more. With a doctorate in astrophysics from the University of Colorado, Dr. Jason Lisle is your guide to the universe beyond our world in this remarkable book. Step out among the stars and experience the truly awesome power of God through this glimpse of His vast creation.
Publisher: New Leaf Publishing Group
ISBN: 1614582823
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 129
Book Description
"This book is meant to be an introduction only - a starting point to a biblical view of the universe. . . . Who knows what amazing truths are waiting to be discovered if only the shackles of secular thinking are removed. Now is the time of discovery..." Take a breathtaking look at the universe that is comprehensive guide to the heavens! Sit back and explore the world at your fingertips in this book which: Explains the scale and size of the universe that is hard for our minds to imagine - yet can only indicate the Master's hand at work. Over 50 full-color, rarely seen photos of stars, nebulas, and galaxies. Filled with facts that challenge secular theories and models of the universe - how it began and how it continues to amaze the scientific community. Explores numerous evidences that point to a young universe: magnetic poles of planets, the spiral shape of galaxies, comets and how long scientists think they can last, and much more. With a doctorate in astrophysics from the University of Colorado, Dr. Jason Lisle is your guide to the universe beyond our world in this remarkable book. Step out among the stars and experience the truly awesome power of God through this glimpse of His vast creation.
Discovering the Universe
Author: Neil F. Comins
Publisher: Macmillan
ISBN: 142925520X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 674
Book Description
Discovering the Universe is the bestselling brief text for descriptive one-term astronomy courses (especially those with no mathematics prerequisites). Carried along by the book's vibrant main theme, "the process of scientific discovery," the Ninth Edition furthers the book’s legacy for presenting concepts clearly and accurately while providing all the pedagogical tools to make the learning process memorable.
Publisher: Macmillan
ISBN: 142925520X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 674
Book Description
Discovering the Universe is the bestselling brief text for descriptive one-term astronomy courses (especially those with no mathematics prerequisites). Carried along by the book's vibrant main theme, "the process of scientific discovery," the Ninth Edition furthers the book’s legacy for presenting concepts clearly and accurately while providing all the pedagogical tools to make the learning process memorable.
In search of a Creator
Author: Dr.AtowarRahman
Publisher: Blue Rose Publishers
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 268
Book Description
Serious studies and researches have been pursued by numerous scientists of different ages to know the causes of the origin, structure and ultimate fate of the Universe including the natural phenomena and the different living and non-living things. As a result of untiring efforts it has become possible to gather significant knowledge of the earth and other planets of the solar system, other stars besides the sun, other galaxies besides the Milky Way and many other objects of our planet and the sky. Serious and advanced researches are going on to know more about the Universe. There are descriptions of the Universe and of human embryology in some verses of the Islamic Holy Book Al-Qur’an. These descriptions are very brief and indicative in nature. The Holy Qur’an has mentioned the fundamental picture of the Universe, physical laws governing the Universe and its relation with man. It has asked man to study nature and reflect on innumerable signs available in nature to confirm that there is a Creator of all objects and the physical laws governing them and urges man to ponder over the results of findings in order to get a glimpse of the infinite power and scientific talent of the Creator of the Universe. In this book entitled “In search of a Creator” some scientific findings about the Universe obtained as a result of intensive studies and researches have been briefly discussed and the same have been compared with the information available in the Holy Qur’an. The main topics among others discussed in this book are the earth, the moon, the sun, galaxies, origin of the Universe and its structure, origin of man, etc. Efforts have been made to explain the relevant verses of the Holy Qur’an and compared the same with the available scientific data. It is a great satisfaction that not a single discrepancy has been observed between the Qur’anic revelations and the results of scientific studies. Rather the Holy Book has supported the theories and scientific results obtained so far by the scientists and it is concluded from various angles of view that there is a Creator of the Universe and all living and nonliving objects within it. Of course scientists have not been able to establish the truth or verify the facts about the existence of a Creator, existence of soul, life after death etc. But the Holy Qur’an is not only the supporter of their existence but also strongly advocates believing those as facts. It is also a fact that scientists have limitations in their knowledge and may commit errors and therefore should change their mindsets and seriously study these fields also. In that case the Holy Qur’an would be an authentic guide for them.
Publisher: Blue Rose Publishers
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 268
Book Description
Serious studies and researches have been pursued by numerous scientists of different ages to know the causes of the origin, structure and ultimate fate of the Universe including the natural phenomena and the different living and non-living things. As a result of untiring efforts it has become possible to gather significant knowledge of the earth and other planets of the solar system, other stars besides the sun, other galaxies besides the Milky Way and many other objects of our planet and the sky. Serious and advanced researches are going on to know more about the Universe. There are descriptions of the Universe and of human embryology in some verses of the Islamic Holy Book Al-Qur’an. These descriptions are very brief and indicative in nature. The Holy Qur’an has mentioned the fundamental picture of the Universe, physical laws governing the Universe and its relation with man. It has asked man to study nature and reflect on innumerable signs available in nature to confirm that there is a Creator of all objects and the physical laws governing them and urges man to ponder over the results of findings in order to get a glimpse of the infinite power and scientific talent of the Creator of the Universe. In this book entitled “In search of a Creator” some scientific findings about the Universe obtained as a result of intensive studies and researches have been briefly discussed and the same have been compared with the information available in the Holy Qur’an. The main topics among others discussed in this book are the earth, the moon, the sun, galaxies, origin of the Universe and its structure, origin of man, etc. Efforts have been made to explain the relevant verses of the Holy Qur’an and compared the same with the available scientific data. It is a great satisfaction that not a single discrepancy has been observed between the Qur’anic revelations and the results of scientific studies. Rather the Holy Book has supported the theories and scientific results obtained so far by the scientists and it is concluded from various angles of view that there is a Creator of the Universe and all living and nonliving objects within it. Of course scientists have not been able to establish the truth or verify the facts about the existence of a Creator, existence of soul, life after death etc. But the Holy Qur’an is not only the supporter of their existence but also strongly advocates believing those as facts. It is also a fact that scientists have limitations in their knowledge and may commit errors and therefore should change their mindsets and seriously study these fields also. In that case the Holy Qur’an would be an authentic guide for them.
Questions And Answers About Islam
Author: M. Fethullah Gülen
Publisher: Tughra Books
ISBN: 1597846198
Category : Religion
Languages : en
Pages : 226
Book Description
The first volume of the series addresses the more essential questions concerning Islamic faith: e.g. God and the nature of His existence; can islam solve every problem? Did Prophet Muhammad write the Qur'an Subjects like the Prophethood, Satan, etc. are also examined.
Publisher: Tughra Books
ISBN: 1597846198
Category : Religion
Languages : en
Pages : 226
Book Description
The first volume of the series addresses the more essential questions concerning Islamic faith: e.g. God and the nature of His existence; can islam solve every problem? Did Prophet Muhammad write the Qur'an Subjects like the Prophethood, Satan, etc. are also examined.
Quantum Reality and Theory of Śūnya
Author: Siddheshwar Rameshwar Bhatt
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 981131957X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 397
Book Description
The book deals with expounding the nature of Reality as it is understood in contemporary times in Quantum Physics. It also explains the classical Indian theory of Śūnya in its diverse facets. Thereafter it undertakes comparison between the two which is an area of great topical interest. It is a cross-disciplinary study by erudite Indian and western scholars between traditional Indian knowledge system and contemporary researches in Physical sciences. It points out how the theory of ‘Śūnyatā has many seminal ideas and theories in common with contemporary Quantum Physics. The learned authors have tried to dissolve the “mysteries” of Quantum Physics and resolved its “weird paradoxes” with the help of theory of Śūnyatā. The issue of non-separability or entanglement has been approached with the help of the Buddhist theory of Pratītyasamutpāda. The paradoxical situation of “wave-particle duality” has been explained with the help of Upaniṣadic theory of complementarity of the two opposites. The measurement problem represented by “Schrodinger’s cat” has been dealt with by resorting to two forms of the calculation of probabilities. Some writers have argued for Śūnyatā-like non-essentialist position to understand quantum reality. To make sense of quantum theory some papers provide a happy symbiosis of technical understanding and personal meditative experience by drawing multifarious parallels. This book will be of interest to philosophically inclined physicists and philosophers with interest in quantum mechanics.
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 981131957X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 397
Book Description
The book deals with expounding the nature of Reality as it is understood in contemporary times in Quantum Physics. It also explains the classical Indian theory of Śūnya in its diverse facets. Thereafter it undertakes comparison between the two which is an area of great topical interest. It is a cross-disciplinary study by erudite Indian and western scholars between traditional Indian knowledge system and contemporary researches in Physical sciences. It points out how the theory of ‘Śūnyatā has many seminal ideas and theories in common with contemporary Quantum Physics. The learned authors have tried to dissolve the “mysteries” of Quantum Physics and resolved its “weird paradoxes” with the help of theory of Śūnyatā. The issue of non-separability or entanglement has been approached with the help of the Buddhist theory of Pratītyasamutpāda. The paradoxical situation of “wave-particle duality” has been explained with the help of Upaniṣadic theory of complementarity of the two opposites. The measurement problem represented by “Schrodinger’s cat” has been dealt with by resorting to two forms of the calculation of probabilities. Some writers have argued for Śūnyatā-like non-essentialist position to understand quantum reality. To make sense of quantum theory some papers provide a happy symbiosis of technical understanding and personal meditative experience by drawing multifarious parallels. This book will be of interest to philosophically inclined physicists and philosophers with interest in quantum mechanics.
Music in the Westward Expansion
Author: Laura Dean
Publisher: McFarland
ISBN: 1476645205
Category : Music
Languages : en
Pages : 224
Book Description
Over 400,000 people moved their families in search of a better life in the American West during the Westward Expansion. The pioneers made room for musical instruments with their guns, food, and tools, while taking only the minimal necessities that would fit into modest wagons. During what seemed like an interminable dusty journey, music was often the sole source of light and happiness for these exhausted travelers. This book examines the roles of music in the Westward Expansion and the diverse cultural landscape of the Old West, including northern Cheyenne courtship flute makers, fiddle-playing explorers, dancing fur trappers, hymn-singing missionaries, frontier flutists, girls with guitars, wagon-driving balladeers, poetic cowboys, singing farmers, musical miners, and preaching songsters.
Publisher: McFarland
ISBN: 1476645205
Category : Music
Languages : en
Pages : 224
Book Description
Over 400,000 people moved their families in search of a better life in the American West during the Westward Expansion. The pioneers made room for musical instruments with their guns, food, and tools, while taking only the minimal necessities that would fit into modest wagons. During what seemed like an interminable dusty journey, music was often the sole source of light and happiness for these exhausted travelers. This book examines the roles of music in the Westward Expansion and the diverse cultural landscape of the Old West, including northern Cheyenne courtship flute makers, fiddle-playing explorers, dancing fur trappers, hymn-singing missionaries, frontier flutists, girls with guitars, wagon-driving balladeers, poetic cowboys, singing farmers, musical miners, and preaching songsters.
A First Course in General Relativity
Author: Bernard Schutz
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 0521887054
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 411
Book Description
Second edition of a widely-used textbook providing the first step into general relativity for undergraduate students with minimal mathematical background.
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 0521887054
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 411
Book Description
Second edition of a widely-used textbook providing the first step into general relativity for undergraduate students with minimal mathematical background.
Expansion of Ideas Proverbs
Author: Amin Buhari. M.com
Publisher: AMIN BUHARI
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 179
Book Description
This books includes the following topics. Expansion of Ideas A FRIEND IN NEED IS A FRIEND INDEED A Little Learning is a Dangerous Thing. A Rolling stone Gathers no Moss. A Stitch in Time Saves Nine All That Glitters is not Gold An Apple a day keeps the Doctor away As You Sow, So Shall You Reap Birds of a feather flock together. Books - our Best Friends Burning the midnight oil Charity begins at Home. Cleanliness is next to Godliness Cut your Coat According to Your Cloth Empty vessels make the most sound Examination: A Necessary Evil Example is Better Than Precept OR Practice What You Preach OR Actions Speak Louder Than Words Experience is the best teacher God Helps those who Help Themselves God made the country and Man Made the Town. Green City ; Clean City Health is Wealth Home Sweet Home Honesty is the best policy Impossible is a word in the Dictionary of Fools. India: Unity in Diversity Industry is the mother of prosperity Is having a Hobby / Leisure Time activity helpful? Is Plastic Bad for the Environment? Knowledge is Power Looking on the bright side Manners Maketh Man Neither a Borrower nor a Lender be Nothing succeeds Like Success. One Good Turn Deserves Another Perseverance is the key to success Pollution: Earth’s enemy number one. Practice Makes Perfect Prevention is Better than Cure. Pride Goes Before a Fall Procrastination is the thief of time. Science and Modern inventions: A Blessing or a curse? Service to Man is Service to God. Slow and Steady wins the race. Speech is silver, Silence is Golden. Strike While the Iron is Hot Or Make hay while the sun shines The Hand that rocks the cradle Rules the world The world has enough for every man's need, But not for every man's greed. Things of Beauty is a joy forever. To err is human, To forgive Divine. Travel broadens the mind Trees - Nature’s Gift to Man. Unity is Strength We are a part of Nature, Not Apart from Nature. WHERE THERE IS A WILL THERE IS A WAY Work is Worship How To Write Expansion of an idea? Expansion of an idea or expansion of a proverb is simple and straightforward. It involves 5 easy steps. They are: Step 1: Understand the symbol of the words in the proverb: Most proverbs or ideas are symbolic. The name of place or animal or thing or person stands as a symbol of some quality. We have to try to understand that in the context of the proverb. For example take the proverb, ‘Rome was not built in a day‘. Here the noun ‘Rome’ is the name of a place. We also (should) know that Rome was a great city. So what does Rome stand for? It stands for Greatness or success. (Remember it was a great city). Or take the example of ‘All that glitters is not gold‘. Here we have the noun ‘gold’. It is the name of a thing. We know that gold is a precious metal. So what does gold stand for? It stands for precious. Step 2: Substitute the meaning in the idea or the proverb: Take the two previous examples. ‘Rome was not built in a day’ and ‘All that glitters is not gold’. Now substitute the symbols we found out earlier in the sentences. What do we have? 1 ‘Greatness or success was not built in a day’ 2 ‘All that glitters is not precious’ The proverb is now decoded and ready for understanding. Step 3: Look for a story or anecdote or example or illustration: Now that you have understood what the proverb stands for or what the proverb means, we should look for a suitable example to illustrate it. Where do we get these stories? There are plenty of them. Aesop’s fables are ideal. So are the tales of India, the Panchatantra. We can also look for example from today’s world. We could, for example, for the proverb ‘Rome was not built in a day’, talk about the effort put in by Barack Obama to achieve greatness, and that it took many years to build it, that it did not happen overnight. Step 4: Look for similar proverbs or ideas: “Patience, persistence and perspiration make an unbeatable combination for success” by Napoleon Hill is similar to ‘Rome was not built in a day’; so is the proverb ‘Do not judge the book by its cover’ similar to ‘All that glitters is not precious’. Step 5: Sum up the paragraph: Use summing up words or phrases to indicate that you have finished the expansion and intend to sum it up. You could use ‘Thus’ or ‘In fine’ or ‘So’ or ‘The proverb advises that’. Let the reader know that you are signing off. So we have 5 Steps on ‘How to do expansion of an idea or expansion of a proverb’: Step 1: Understand the symbol of the words in the proverb Step 2: Substitute the meaning in the idea or the proverb Step 3: Look for a story or anecdote or example or illustration Step 4: Look for similar proverbs or ideas Step 5: Sum up the paragraph This is how I do expansion of an idea or expansion of a proverb.
Publisher: AMIN BUHARI
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 179
Book Description
This books includes the following topics. Expansion of Ideas A FRIEND IN NEED IS A FRIEND INDEED A Little Learning is a Dangerous Thing. A Rolling stone Gathers no Moss. A Stitch in Time Saves Nine All That Glitters is not Gold An Apple a day keeps the Doctor away As You Sow, So Shall You Reap Birds of a feather flock together. Books - our Best Friends Burning the midnight oil Charity begins at Home. Cleanliness is next to Godliness Cut your Coat According to Your Cloth Empty vessels make the most sound Examination: A Necessary Evil Example is Better Than Precept OR Practice What You Preach OR Actions Speak Louder Than Words Experience is the best teacher God Helps those who Help Themselves God made the country and Man Made the Town. Green City ; Clean City Health is Wealth Home Sweet Home Honesty is the best policy Impossible is a word in the Dictionary of Fools. India: Unity in Diversity Industry is the mother of prosperity Is having a Hobby / Leisure Time activity helpful? Is Plastic Bad for the Environment? Knowledge is Power Looking on the bright side Manners Maketh Man Neither a Borrower nor a Lender be Nothing succeeds Like Success. One Good Turn Deserves Another Perseverance is the key to success Pollution: Earth’s enemy number one. Practice Makes Perfect Prevention is Better than Cure. Pride Goes Before a Fall Procrastination is the thief of time. Science and Modern inventions: A Blessing or a curse? Service to Man is Service to God. Slow and Steady wins the race. Speech is silver, Silence is Golden. Strike While the Iron is Hot Or Make hay while the sun shines The Hand that rocks the cradle Rules the world The world has enough for every man's need, But not for every man's greed. Things of Beauty is a joy forever. To err is human, To forgive Divine. Travel broadens the mind Trees - Nature’s Gift to Man. Unity is Strength We are a part of Nature, Not Apart from Nature. WHERE THERE IS A WILL THERE IS A WAY Work is Worship How To Write Expansion of an idea? Expansion of an idea or expansion of a proverb is simple and straightforward. It involves 5 easy steps. They are: Step 1: Understand the symbol of the words in the proverb: Most proverbs or ideas are symbolic. The name of place or animal or thing or person stands as a symbol of some quality. We have to try to understand that in the context of the proverb. For example take the proverb, ‘Rome was not built in a day‘. Here the noun ‘Rome’ is the name of a place. We also (should) know that Rome was a great city. So what does Rome stand for? It stands for Greatness or success. (Remember it was a great city). Or take the example of ‘All that glitters is not gold‘. Here we have the noun ‘gold’. It is the name of a thing. We know that gold is a precious metal. So what does gold stand for? It stands for precious. Step 2: Substitute the meaning in the idea or the proverb: Take the two previous examples. ‘Rome was not built in a day’ and ‘All that glitters is not gold’. Now substitute the symbols we found out earlier in the sentences. What do we have? 1 ‘Greatness or success was not built in a day’ 2 ‘All that glitters is not precious’ The proverb is now decoded and ready for understanding. Step 3: Look for a story or anecdote or example or illustration: Now that you have understood what the proverb stands for or what the proverb means, we should look for a suitable example to illustrate it. Where do we get these stories? There are plenty of them. Aesop’s fables are ideal. So are the tales of India, the Panchatantra. We can also look for example from today’s world. We could, for example, for the proverb ‘Rome was not built in a day’, talk about the effort put in by Barack Obama to achieve greatness, and that it took many years to build it, that it did not happen overnight. Step 4: Look for similar proverbs or ideas: “Patience, persistence and perspiration make an unbeatable combination for success” by Napoleon Hill is similar to ‘Rome was not built in a day’; so is the proverb ‘Do not judge the book by its cover’ similar to ‘All that glitters is not precious’. Step 5: Sum up the paragraph: Use summing up words or phrases to indicate that you have finished the expansion and intend to sum it up. You could use ‘Thus’ or ‘In fine’ or ‘So’ or ‘The proverb advises that’. Let the reader know that you are signing off. So we have 5 Steps on ‘How to do expansion of an idea or expansion of a proverb’: Step 1: Understand the symbol of the words in the proverb Step 2: Substitute the meaning in the idea or the proverb Step 3: Look for a story or anecdote or example or illustration Step 4: Look for similar proverbs or ideas Step 5: Sum up the paragraph This is how I do expansion of an idea or expansion of a proverb.