Examining the Association Between US Acculturation in Latinas and Birth Outcomes as Moderated by Obesity PDF Download

Author: Melissa J. Perez
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781321964776
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 61

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Book Description
Despite low socioeconomic status and lack of resources, Latinas are found to have better-than-expected birth outcomes, which deteriorate with higher US acculturation. In addition, as the incidence of obesity rises amongst Latinas, it is necessary to study this acculturation paradox in the context of obesity. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between US acculturation and poor birth outcomes, particularly examining preterm birth and/or low birth weight (PTLBW), in a sample of Mexican origin women. Furthermore, the differential effect of obesity on the association between acculturation and birth outcomes was examined. This was a longitudinal observational study using data from the Study for Hispanic Acculturation, Reproduction, and the Environment (SHARE). Participants were 1,062 pregnant women recruited from six Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics in San Joaquin County, California between 1999 and 2001. The majority of women were of Mexican descent at varying lengths of US residency. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the associations among acculturation, obesity and poor birth outcomes. Results demonstrated a significant association between US acculturation and PTLBW such that moderately acculturated women had over three times the odds of experiencing PTLBW, while low and highly acculturated women did not show an increased risk. In moderately acculturated women who were also obese, their chance of PTLBW decreased, indicating that obesity acted as a buffer for PTLBW. This effect was not demonstrated in low or highly acculturated women. In conclusion, this study re-examines the Latina Acculturation Paradox in the context of obesity. It is unique in that it demonstrates deviation from the paradox, as the most highly acculturated women did not experience the worst birth outcomes. Additionally, this is among the first study to demonstrate a protective effect of obesity in terms of perinatal health.

Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309164818
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 502

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Book Description
Hispanics and the Future of America presents details of the complex story of a population that varies in many dimensions, including national origin, immigration status, and generation. The papers in this volume draw on a wide variety of data sources to describe the contours of this population, from the perspectives of history, demography, geography, education, family, employment, economic well-being, health, and political engagement. They provide a rich source of information for researchers, policy makers, and others who want to better understand the fast-growing and diverse population that we call "Hispanic." The current period is a critical one for getting a better understanding of how Hispanics are being shaped by the U.S. experience. This will, in turn, affect the United States and the contours of the Hispanic future remain uncertain. The uncertainties include such issues as whether Hispanics, especially immigrants, improve their educational attainment and fluency in English and thereby improve their economic position; whether growing numbers of foreign-born Hispanics become citizens and achieve empowerment at the ballot box and through elected office; whether impending health problems are successfully averted; and whether Hispanics' geographic dispersal accelerates their spatial and social integration. The papers in this volume provide invaluable information to explore these issues.

Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Electronic books
Languages : en
Pages : 33

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Acculturation processes involve adaptation from the culture of origin to the host culture. As a result, foreign born Latinos experience a shift in norms, values, behaviors, and attitudes towards non-Latino (Western) culture when relocating to the United States. Acculturation among Latina women has been associated with behaviors contributing to obesity and may affect dieting behaviors. Behavior change interventions targeting weight loss through diet achieve moderate short term weight loss. Changes, however, are not sustained and disrupt homeostasis. In contrast, intuitive eating offers a non-dieting approach to weight management teaching participants to eat according to physiological hunger and satiety cues. Intuitive eating has been associated with improved physiological and mental health outcomes. A convenience sample of 54 Latina women completed surveys and anthropometric measurements at baseline as part of Valorando Nuestros Cuerpos (Valuing Our Bodies) pilot study. This aim of this study was to assess the relationship between acculturation and intuitive eating among Latina women residing near the United States-Mexico border using a cross-sectional survey. This study examined the relationship between acculturation and intuitive eating using multiple measures of acculturation including Marin's Bi-dimensional Acculturation Scale (BAS), country of birth, years of residence and age at arrival among foreign born, and the Intuitive Eating Scale-2 (IES-2). Pearson's and Spearman's correlation coefficients and a multiple linear regression were run to assess the significance of the variables representing acculturation and intuitive eating (IE). Results indicated the majority of the sample was foreign born, overweight or obese, dominant in Latino culture according to the BAS, and relatively high intuitive eating scores. Contrary to the hypothesis, analyses found no significant relationship between acculturation and intuitive eating. However, the relationship between BMI and intuitive eating approached significance. Possible reasons for lack of significance include volunteer bias from convenience sampling, frequent border crossing, and low levels of acculturation. Further research is needed to validate the translation of the complete IES-2 scale into Spanish and to include a group of Latina women with more variance in generations and ethnic groups. Despite a lack of statistical significance, intuitive eating remains a promising approach to weight maintenance for Latina women.

Author:
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781124260273
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 169

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Book Description
The Latino population is now the largest minority group in the United States (US). The higher prevalence of obesity among Mexican immigrants and Mexican-Americans (MI-MA) living in the US compared with Non-Hispanic Whites has been linked to socio-demographic and behavioral factors. There is emerging evidence that suggests features of the social environment and neighborhood socio-economic characteristics may have an influence on Latinos' obesity rates. This study was guided by the social-ecological model and used multilevel analytic methods to examine macro, meso and cultural exchange level factors associated with obesity among MI-MA living in the border region of San Diego, CA. Data were collected as part of the San Diego Prevention Research Center Community Survey. Multistage sampling methods were used to recruit participants into the study. Multilevel models were conducted to examine the association of these factors at multiple social-ecological levels on obesity. Three hundred and ninety seven people completed the survey. The mean age of respondents was 43.4 " 16.9, 72.6% were females and 77% were born in Mexico. Respondents scored high in the Hispanic domain of acculturation and crossed the border about three times per month mostly to visit family and friends in Mexico. Collective efficacy was an average of 3.5 (range 1 to 5). Respondents reported having 4 (0-5) people in their social network with an average reciprocity of 15 times per month. Neighborhoods where respondents live were on average 68% Latino with 27% of home ownership. Almost forty seven percent of respondents were obese. After controlling for micro-level characteristics, health behaviors and neighborhood clustering, the final model suggested that respondents who were employed, with an income below the poverty threshold were less likely to be obese. Middle-aged respondents with larger social networks were more likely to be obese. Two cross-level interactions were significantly associated with obesity. Times crossing the border to Mexico in the last month moderated the effect of collective efficacy on obesity. Neighborhood percentage of home ownership moderated the association between Hispanic domain and obesity. The study provided evidence that the meso, macro and cultural exchange level factors are associated with obesity among MI-MA living in this border region. This study provides the foundation to further investigate the influence of higher social-ecological level determinants of health among MI-MA living in this unique place of influence, the Southern California, US-Mexico border.

Author: Iliana Rodriguez Warren
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Acculturation
Languages : en
Pages : 82

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Research has shown there is an association between acculturation and birth outcomes. Women who are more acculturated in the United States have worse birth outcomes than those who are less acculturated. The purpose of this current study was to, first, examine the association between acculturation variables and prenatal care and health behaviors. And second, to examine the moderation effects of family relationships and relationships with focal children’s fathers on the relationships between acculturation and prenatal care and health behaviors. Data from the Baseline surveys of the Fragile Families and Child Well-Being Study were used. Binary logistic regressions were run to determine the relationships between those variables. Results indicated there was no significant relationship between the acculturation variables and prenatal care; however, increased religious attendance and Spanish as the preferred language were significantly associated with decreased odds that women would engage in risky health behaviors. Binary logistic regressions indicated that neither family support nor relationships with focal children’s fathers significantly moderated the association between the main effects. Additional binary logistic regressions were run to determine if the moderators were significantly associated with prenatal care and/or risky health behaviors. Results show relationships with focal children’s fathers decreased the odds that women would partake in risky health behaviors during pregnancy.

Author: Iván Alexandre De la Rosa
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 304

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Author: Elizabeth Jones Spurlock
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Acculturation
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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In the United States (US)-Mexico border region there is a disparity in cesarean birth rates among Hispanic women. Hispanic women have higher rates of cesarean birth than their non-Hispanic counterparts despite overall lower US cesarean rates. Cesarean birth is associated with increased complications compared to vaginal birth, putting these women and infants at disproportionate risk. In accordance with the Hispanic Health Paradox, researchers have found that Hispanic women have worse birth outcomes (such as preterm birth) the longer they reside in the US. Very few studies have focused on odds of cesarean birth in relation to acculturation level among Hispanic women. Guided by J.W. Berry’s Theoretical Framework of Acculturation, the aims of this study are to 1) examine the direct effects of cultural and biopsychosocial factors on birth mode in Mexican American women, 2) investigate the degree to which maternal biopsychosocial factors mediate relationships among cultural factors and birth mode, and 3) investigate the moderating effect of healthcare environment (delivery facility) and socioeconomic position (insurance type) on relationships among cultural and biopsychosocial factors and birth mode (cesarean or vaginal). A correlational design was used in this dissertation to complete a secondary analysis of data from a parent study entitled, Psychoneuroimmunology: Preterm birth in Hispanics (2R01NR007891; Principal Investigator [PI] R. Jeanne Ruiz, 2007). Analyses included descriptive statistics, bivariate relationships, multivariable logistic regression, mediation, and moderation analyses. The dissertation study sample included 244 women. After controlling for parity in logistic regression analysis, significant direct relationships remained between acculturative stress, pre-pregnancy BMI, discrimination, and insurance type in relation to birth mode. More Spanish language related acculturative stress, discrimination, and higher BMI increased the odds of cesarean birth. Women who were insured through Children’s Health Insurance Program were more likely to deliver via cesarean than women insured through Medicaid when acculturative stress was included as the predictor variable. There was no evidence of mediation by biopsychosocial factors on the direct relationship between cultural factors and birth mode. Moderation analysis resulted in evidence of one interaction between acculturative stress and birth mode by facility. These results underscore the importance of facility in birth delivery outcomes and support the existing research that suggests acculturation plays a role in birth related outcomes. The fact that only Spanish language related acculturative stress remained significant in regression analysis suggests that acculturation may be affecting birth mode outcomes differently than we have previously thought. Future researchers should continue to investigate stress pathways and focus on qualitative research to gather a better understanding from women themselves about how acculturating and experiencing discrimination affect their birth delivery outcomes.

Author: Elizabeth Villegas
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

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Author: Alejandra Quezada
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Hispanic American men
Languages : en
Pages : 384

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Book Description
The purpose of the study was to examine the relationship between acculturation indicators and metabolic syndrome (MetS) among Hispanic adults living in the Dallas-Fort Worth metropolitan area in Texas. MetS is a pressing public health problem, and Hispanics have the highest prevalence among all ethnic groups in the United States (35.4%). MetS is a cluster of five risk factors (blood pressure, waist circumference, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, fasting blood glucose, and triglycerides) that increase a person’s risk of developing cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Currently, Hispanics are the second-largest ethnic group in the United States, and more than one-third of the U.S. Hispanic population is foreign-born. As immigrants and subsequent generations are exposed to the mainstream U.S. culture, the process of acculturation impacts their lifestyle behaviors and health. Acculturation indicators (nativity, duration in the United States, and scores from the Short Acculturation Scale for Hispanics) and the five MetS markers were assessed among 128 adult participants. Logistic regression modeling was conducted to predict MetS status (present/not present) by acculturation indicators and covariates (sex, age, and education). Additional analyses were conducted to assess the relationship between each individual MetS marker, acculturation indicators, and the identified covariates. For every one-unit increase in a participant’s duration in the United States (measured in years), the likelihood of having abnormal blood pressure increased by 6% and the likelihood of having abnormal blood glucose increased by 5%. Results indicate increasing exposure to the mainstream American culture negatively impacts health risks and status among Hispanics. The primary treatment for MetS is lifestyle modification that includes regular physical activity, healthy eating, and weight loss. Health care providers can aid in reducing MetS prevalence by raising awareness of the condition and associated risk factors among their patients as well as recommending lifestyle modification to reduce their risk. Study results can aid health educators in planning, implementing, and evaluating health communication campaigns and health education/promotion programs to prevent MetS among Hispanics. Further examination of what changes occur in health behaviors that increase risk of MetS would provide further insight into why duration in the United States is associated with elevated blood pressure and elevated fasting blood glucose levels.

Author: Alison C. Pepper
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Discrimination against overweight persons
Languages : en
Pages : 200

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Antifat attitudes refer to the beliefthat overweight and obese individuals are responsible for their weight. The current study examined differences in antifat attitudes between 264 Latina and European American females from a local high school, junior college, and state college. Results from the hierarchical regression supported hypotheses one and two; that is, when controlling for socioeconomic status (SES), body mass index (BMI), and self-esteem, antifat attitudes were positively correlated with both body dissatisfaction and eating concerns. In support hypothesis three, a Oneway Analysis of Covariance revealed that above SES, BMI, and selfesteem, European American females reported significantly greater antifat attitudes than Latinas. Planned comparisons showed that European American females and high acculturated Latinas reported significantly greater antifat attitudes than both bicultural Latinas and low acculturated Latinas. However, as expected, European Americans and high acculturated Latinas reported similar levels of antifat attitudes. A second regression was conducted to test hypotheses four and five. Results did not confirm that acculturation interacted with either body dissatisfaction or eating concerns in predicting antifat attitudes. Post hoc analyses evidenced a significant interaction between body dissatisfaction and a component of acculturation (i.e. language-use) in predicting antifat attitudes. Interpretations of the current study's results, the importance of continuing to explore the role of acculturation, and directions for future research are discussed in conclusion.