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Author: Samuella Opoku Ware Publisher: ISBN: Category : African American male college students Languages : en Pages : 142
Book Description
"Young Black men in the Southern United States are disproportionately affected by HIV. Masculinity has an effect on HIV related behaviors for men. Hegemonic or traditional masculinity is masculinity that occupies a dominant space of patterned gender relations and can include examples of toughness, aggression, and sexual dominance. However, marginalized groups such as Black men do not benefit from the advantages of being a man due to racism and discrimination. Thus, Black men may strive to adhere to the cultural standard of traditional masculine norms. College is a transitional period that helps Black men define their manhood and the ways they engage (or not) with traditional masculine norms. This adherence to masculine norms can influence protective (e.g., HIV testing) or sexual risk behaviors (e.g., condomless sex). This mixed-methods study explored the social exchange process of masculinity development among Black heterosexual college men. It also examined the relationship between dimensions of masculinity and protective behavioral intentions and sexual risk behaviors and the role of belief of Black disadvantage. Participants were recruited from four Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) and one Minority Serving Institutions (MSI) to complete an online survey (n=127). Additionally, three focus groups were conducted with men at three of the five schools (n=13). The qualitative data illuminated the ways participants developed their masculinity while in and prior to college through experiences with male role models and their mothers. Participants felt conflicted in their need to adhere or deviate from masculine norms and grappled with the scrutiny they do or would receive from female partners and the campus community. The quantitative data highlighted how dimensions of masculinity such as respect/toughness were positively associated with the intent to use protective behaviors. Additionally, dimensions such as anti-femininity/hypersexuality were positively associated with condomless vaginal and anal sex. Further, lower belief of Black disadvantage negative relationship between respect/toughness and sexual risk behaviors. These data reflect the processes men go through to develop their masculinity and how certain dimensions of masculinity that influence intent to use protective behaviors and sexual risk behaviors. This highlights the need for interventions focused on masculinity that target the differing processes of masculinity development and dimensions that are helpful and harmful to sexual health among young Black heterosexual men."--Abstract from author supplied metadata
Author: Samuella Opoku Ware Publisher: ISBN: Category : African American male college students Languages : en Pages : 142
Book Description
"Young Black men in the Southern United States are disproportionately affected by HIV. Masculinity has an effect on HIV related behaviors for men. Hegemonic or traditional masculinity is masculinity that occupies a dominant space of patterned gender relations and can include examples of toughness, aggression, and sexual dominance. However, marginalized groups such as Black men do not benefit from the advantages of being a man due to racism and discrimination. Thus, Black men may strive to adhere to the cultural standard of traditional masculine norms. College is a transitional period that helps Black men define their manhood and the ways they engage (or not) with traditional masculine norms. This adherence to masculine norms can influence protective (e.g., HIV testing) or sexual risk behaviors (e.g., condomless sex). This mixed-methods study explored the social exchange process of masculinity development among Black heterosexual college men. It also examined the relationship between dimensions of masculinity and protective behavioral intentions and sexual risk behaviors and the role of belief of Black disadvantage. Participants were recruited from four Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) and one Minority Serving Institutions (MSI) to complete an online survey (n=127). Additionally, three focus groups were conducted with men at three of the five schools (n=13). The qualitative data illuminated the ways participants developed their masculinity while in and prior to college through experiences with male role models and their mothers. Participants felt conflicted in their need to adhere or deviate from masculine norms and grappled with the scrutiny they do or would receive from female partners and the campus community. The quantitative data highlighted how dimensions of masculinity such as respect/toughness were positively associated with the intent to use protective behaviors. Additionally, dimensions such as anti-femininity/hypersexuality were positively associated with condomless vaginal and anal sex. Further, lower belief of Black disadvantage negative relationship between respect/toughness and sexual risk behaviors. These data reflect the processes men go through to develop their masculinity and how certain dimensions of masculinity that influence intent to use protective behaviors and sexual risk behaviors. This highlights the need for interventions focused on masculinity that target the differing processes of masculinity development and dimensions that are helpful and harmful to sexual health among young Black heterosexual men."--Abstract from author supplied metadata
Author: Shari L. Dworkin Publisher: NYU Press ISBN: 0814720765 Category : Family & Relationships Languages : en Pages : 239
Book Description
Presents a unique approach to HIV prevention at the intersection of sociological and public health research Although the first AIDS cases were attributed to men having sex with men, over 70% of HIV infections worldwide are now estimated to occur through sex between women and men. In Men at Risk, Shari L. Dworkin argues that the centrality of heterosexual relationship dynamics to the transmission of HIV means that both women and men need to be taken into account in gender-specific HIV/AIDS prevention interventions. She looks at the “costs of masculinity” that shape men’s HIV risks, such as their initiation of sex and their increased status from sex with multiple partners. Engaging with the common paradigm in HIV research that portrays only women—and not heterosexually active men—as being “vulnerable” to HIV, Dworkin examines the gaps in public health knowledge that result in substandard treatment for HIV transmission and infection among heterosexual men both domestically and globally. She examines a vast array of structural factors that shape men’s HIV transmission risks and also focuses on a relatively new category of global health programs with men known as “gender-transformative” that seeks to move men in the direction of gender equality in the name of improved health. Dworkin makes suggestions for the next generation of gender-transformative health interventions by calling for masculinities-based and structurally driven HIV prevention programming. Thoroughly researched and theoretically grounded, Men at Risk presents a unique approach to HIV prevention at the intersection of sociological and public health research.
Author: Jessica Lynette Johnson Publisher: ISBN: Category : African American men Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
HIV/AIDS is a growing concern in the African American community. From 2005 to 2008, there was a 12% increase in HIV/AIDS diagnoses among African Americans (CDC, 2010a). African American males have higher rates of HIV/AIDS diagnoses than any other ethnic or racial groups. In 2006, 65% of the HIV/AIDS cases among African Americans were from adult males (CDC, 2010a). These higher rates are in part attributed to higher levels of sexual risk-taking including unprotected sex, sex with multiple partners, and sex with high-risk partners. African American adult men get tested at almost the same rate (52%) as African American women 53% (CDC, 2007). HIV testing is important to the prevention of HIV/AIDS and can result in substantial reductions in risk behaviors (Marks, Crepaz, & Janssen, 2006; Weinhardt, Carey, Johnson, & Bickham, 1999). Masculinity, a man's concept of what it means to be man, influences engagement in sexual risk-taking behaviors (Bowleg, 2004, Duck, 2009; Lichtenstein, 2004), as well as health-seeking behaviors (Hammond, Matthews, Mohottige, Agyemang, & Corbie-Smith, 2010; Royster, Richmond, Eng, & Margolis, 2006). One form of masculinity, hypermasculinity is related to sexual risk-taking behaviors, especially among young African American males. The purpose of this dissertation was to investigate the relationship between hypermasculinity and sexual risk-taking, and HIV testing among African American males. One hundred twenty-six African American male college students were recruited to participate in an HIV prevention intervention for African American women on a Historically Black College and University (HBCU) campus. Prior to participating in the intervention, participants completed a questionnaire with measures of hypermasculinity, sexual behavior, and HIV testing. The results showed that hypermasculinity predicted frequency of sex. Hypermasculinity and frequency of sex predicted lifetime HIV testing. Frequency of sex and the number of sex partners predicted current HIV testing (in the past month). The interaction between hypermasculinity and frequency of sex was marginally significant. The findings from this research may increase our understanding of sexual risk-taking, improve HIV testing initiatives, and be useful in the development of HIV prevention programs for African American heterosexual males.
Author: James Thomas Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Author's abstract: Introduction: Sexual health disparities in college-aged Black men remains a critical public health issue. Black men are likely to have an earlier sexual debut, acquire sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and HIV at higher rates, and enter fatherhood at earlier ages than their White counterparts. Previous research has identified masculinity and perceived social support as predictors of sexual risk behavior for men in the U.S. However, when exploring masculinity’s influence on sexual behavior, studies that are culturally sensitive to Black men’s experiences and perspectives on manhood are few. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between Black masculinity, perceived social support, and risky sexual behaviors in Black male college students. Methods: A sample of 175 Black male college students attending a PWI and HBCU participated in this study through completion of paper and electronic surveys. Perceptions of Black masculinity were measured using the Black Masculinity Inventory Scale (BMIS), while perceived social support was measured using the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MPSS) and the University Environment Scale (UES). Sexual behavior was measured using the CDC’s Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) and the Sexual Scripts Scale. Logistic regression and moderation analyses were performed to explore Black masculinity and perceived social support’s relationship with sexual risk behaviors. Results: Two of the five BMIS subscales were identified as having statistically significant associations with risky sexual behaviors. The Mainstream Society subscale was positively associated with alcohol/drug use prior to sexual activity, while the Mainstream Society/Black Masculinity subscale was negatively associated. Having high levels of perceived and institutional social support also moderated the relationship between Black Masculinity and alcohol/drug use prior to sexual activity. Conclusion: The findings of this study illustrate the ways in which cultural expectations and social networks are can influence Black men’s sexual health. Public health interventions should consider using a multifaceted, culturally tailored approach to address the sexual health disparities experienced by Black men.
Author: J.L. King Publisher: Harmony ISBN: 076791399X Category : Health & Fitness Languages : en Pages : 210
Book Description
A bold exposé of the controversial secret that has potentially dire consequences in many African American communities. Delivering the first frank and thorough investigation of life “on the down low” (the DL), J. L. King exposes a closeted culture of sex between black men who lead “straight” lives. King explores his own past as a DL man, and the path that led him to let go of the lies and bring forth a message that can promote emotional healing and open discussions about relationships, sex, sexuality, and health in the black community. Providing a long-overdue wake-up call, J. L. King bravely puts the spotlight on a topic that has until now remained dangerously taboo. Drawn from hundreds of interviews, statistics, and the author’s firsthand knowledge of DL behavior, On the Down Low reveals the warning signs African American women need to know. King also discusses the potential health consequences of having unprotected sex, as African American women represent an alarming 64 percent of new HIV infections. Volatile yet vital, On the Down Low is sure to be one of the most talked-about books of the year. “A survey by the Centers for Disease Control in Atlanta found that nearly a quarter of black HIV-positive men who had sex with men consider themselves heterosexual.” —Essence
Author: Michael Flood Publisher: Cambridge Scholars Publishing ISBN: 1443878952 Category : Social Science Languages : en Pages : 315
Book Description
Men's roles in building gender equality are currently on the public agenda. Across the globe, there are growing efforts to engage men and boys in building more equitable relations with women and girls. Programs that engage with men have proliferated in fields such as violence prevention, sexual and reproductive health, parenting, education, and work. The last decade has seen the emergence of national and global campaigns, initiatives by international agencies, and scholarly research. Engaging ...
Author: James M. O'Neil Publisher: Amer Psychological Assn ISBN: 9781433818189 Category : Psychology Languages : en Pages : 408
Book Description
Men's gender role conflict is a psychological state in which restrictive definitions of masculinity limit men's well-being and human potential. Gender role conflict (GRC) doesn't just harm boys and men, but also girls and women, transgendered people, and society at large. Extensive research relates men's GRC to myriad behavioral problems, including sexism, violence, homophobia, depression, substance abuse, and relationship issues. This book represents a call to action for researchers and practitioners, graduate students, and other mental healthcare professionals to confront men's GRC and reduce its harmful influence on individuals and society. James O'Neil is a pioneer in men's psychology who conceptualized GRC and created the Gender Role Conflict Scale. In this book, he combines numerous studies from renowned scholars in men's psychology with more than 30 years of his own clinical and research experience to promote activism and challenge the status quo. He describes multiple effects of men's GRC, including success, power, and competition issues restricted emotionality restricted affectionate behavior between men conflicts between men's work and family relations. O'Neil also explains when GRC can develop in a man's gender role journey, how to address it through preventative programs and therapy for boys and men, and what initiatives researchers and clinicians can pursue.
Author: Richard Majors Publisher: Simon and Schuster ISBN: 0671865722 Category : Psychology Languages : en Pages : 168
Book Description
Traces the history of black men in America using a tough-guy image to obscure their anger and disappointment over their roles in society back to their origins in Africa and the slave era.
Author: Ingmar Weber Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 3030349713 Category : Computers Languages : en Pages : 334
Book Description
This volume constitutes the proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Social Informatics, SocInfo 2019, held in Doha, Qatar, in November 2019. The 17 full and 5 short papers presented in these proceedings were carefully reviewed and selected from 86 submissions. The papers presented in this volume cover a broad range of topics, ranging from the study of socio-technical systems, to computer science methods to analyze complex social processes, as well as social concepts in the design of information systems.
Author: Samuella Opoku Ware
Author: Samuella Opoku Ware
Author: Shari L. Dworkin
Author: Jessica Lynette Johnson
Author: James Thomas
Author: Leslie Pereira
Author: J.L. King
Author: Michael Flood
Author: James M. O'Neil
Author: Richard Majors
Author: Ingmar Weber