Author: Showkat HussainPublisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
Book Description
Ever since the homo-sapiens began to use land for creating means of sustenance like food, clothing and shelter, the importance of land as a crucial input in the development of human civilization was realized. Besides, the settlement of people, after nomadic life, also brought into focus the relevance of agricultural land for their survival and development. With the passage of time, the position of the farmer became most vulnerable and pitiable which needed protection at the societal level through the instrument of law. After the Second World War, with the growth of international trade, many new doctrines and concepts were evolved and propagated. Among these, the concept of Intellectual Property, though evolved in the 19th century, witnessed increased recognition and acceptance in the global community. One of the aspects of the Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) was the protection of breeders' rights. The plant breeders were given protection and many international conventions were convened for this purpose. The International Undertaking on Plant Genetic Resources (IU), the Convention on Biological Diversity, TRIPs Agreement and International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, 2001 are four important international conventions that are relevant to the construction of ownership and control of plant genetic resources in global debates on plant variety protection. After according protection to plant breeders, it was soon realized that the rights of the breeders were in conflict with those of farmers. As a result, the concept of farmer's rights was put forth both at international and national levels.