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Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Ethnic groups Languages : en Pages : 64
Book Description
The goals of Healthy Start are to improve the quality of the local perinatal system of care, to enhance the cultural competence of providers who work within the system, and to improve women's access to the system of care. These objectives are accomplished through outreach, health education, case management, and enhanced community collaboration within the local perinatal health system. The activities of the Healthy Start program are designed to encourage pregnant and interconceptional women, providers, and other community stakeholders to address the risk factors associated with poor perinatal health outcomes. In this paper, an evidence base is provided to support the targeted interventions implemented by the national Healthy Start program and other perinatal health initiatives to reduce racial/ethnic disparities in birth outcomes.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Ethnic groups Languages : en Pages : 64
Book Description
The goals of Healthy Start are to improve the quality of the local perinatal system of care, to enhance the cultural competence of providers who work within the system, and to improve women's access to the system of care. These objectives are accomplished through outreach, health education, case management, and enhanced community collaboration within the local perinatal health system. The activities of the Healthy Start program are designed to encourage pregnant and interconceptional women, providers, and other community stakeholders to address the risk factors associated with poor perinatal health outcomes. In this paper, an evidence base is provided to support the targeted interventions implemented by the national Healthy Start program and other perinatal health initiatives to reduce racial/ethnic disparities in birth outcomes.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Ethnic groups Languages : en Pages : 64
Book Description
The goals of Healthy Start are to improve the quality of the local perinatal system of care, to enhance the cultural competence of providers who work within the system, and to improve women's access to the system of care. These objectives are accomplished through outreach, health education, case management, and enhanced community collaboration within the local perinatal health system. The activities of the Healthy Start program are designed to encourage pregnant and interconceptional women, providers, and other community stakeholders to address the risk factors associated with poor perinatal health outcomes. In this paper, an evidence base is provided to support the targeted interventions implemented by the national Healthy Start program and other perinatal health initiatives to reduce racial/ethnic disparities in birth outcomes.
Author: Institute of Medicine Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309049393 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 636
Book Description
The understanding of how to reduce risk factors for mental disorders has expanded remarkably as a result of recent scientific advances. This study, mandated by Congress, reviews those advances in the context of current research and provides a targeted definition of prevention and a conceptual framework that emphasizes risk reduction. Highlighting opportunities for and barriers to interventions, the book draws on successful models for the prevention of cardiovascular disease, injuries, and smoking. In addition, it reviews the risk factors associated with Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, alcohol abuse and dependence, depressive disorders, and conduct disorders and evaluates current illustrative prevention programs. The models and examination provide a framework for the design, application, and evaluation of interventions intended to prevent mental disorders and the transfer of knowledge about prevention from research to clinical practice. The book presents a focused research agenda, with recommendations on how to develop effective intervention programs, create a cadre of prevention researchers, and improve coordination among federal agencies.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Infants Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
"The rate of infant mortality in the United States declined by 74 percent between 1960 and 2000, but the degree of decline has slowed in the past decade. Experts believe that eliminating racial/ethnic disparities in birth outcomes is key to the continued reduction in the overall rate of infant mortality in the United States. Blacks, American Indian/ Alaska Natives, and Puerto Ricans, in descending order, have notably higher rates of infant mortality than other races/ethnicities. Several programs have been implemented to address racial/ethnic disparities in birth outcomes. Healthy Start, a national initiative begun in 1991 by the Health Resources and Services Administration, Maternal and Child Health Bureau, is the largest of these programs. Healthy Start is a community-based program targeted to eliminating or reducing racial/ ethnic disparities in birth outcomes in high-risk communities. The goals of Healthy Start are to improve the quality of the local perinatal system of care, to enhance the cultural competence of providers who work within the system, and to improve women's access to the system of care. These objectives are accomplished through outreach, health education, case management, and enhanced community collaboration within the local perinatal health system. The activities of the Healthy Start program are designed to encourage pregnant and interconceptional women, providers, and other community stakeholders to address the risk factors associated with poor perinatal health outcomes. In this paper, an evidence base is provided to support the targeted interventions implemented by the national Healthy Start program and other perinatal health initiatives to reduce racial/ethnic disparities in birth outcomes. In light of this objective, the racial/ethnic disparities in birth outcomes are described and the evidence on behavioral, biological, and social risk factors for poor perinatal outcomes in the context of such racial/ethnic disparities is reviewed. The risk factors reviewed are prenatal care, folic acid use, periodontal care, infant sleep position, breastfeeding, well-child care, interconceptional care, maternal smoking, alcohol and other drug use, adolescent pregnancy, perinatal depression, stress, bacterial vaginosis, domestic violence, and maternal birthweight"--p. 3
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309671035 Category : Social Science Languages : en Pages : 317
Book Description
Social isolation and loneliness are serious yet underappreciated public health risks that affect a significant portion of the older adult population. Approximately one-quarter of community-dwelling Americans aged 65 and older are considered to be socially isolated, and a significant proportion of adults in the United States report feeling lonely. People who are 50 years of age or older are more likely to experience many of the risk factors that can cause or exacerbate social isolation or loneliness, such as living alone, the loss of family or friends, chronic illness, and sensory impairments. Over a life course, social isolation and loneliness may be episodic or chronic, depending upon an individual's circumstances and perceptions. A substantial body of evidence demonstrates that social isolation presents a major risk for premature mortality, comparable to other risk factors such as high blood pressure, smoking, or obesity. As older adults are particularly high-volume and high-frequency users of the health care system, there is an opportunity for health care professionals to identify, prevent, and mitigate the adverse health impacts of social isolation and loneliness in older adults. Social Isolation and Loneliness in Older Adults summarizes the evidence base and explores how social isolation and loneliness affect health and quality of life in adults aged 50 and older, particularly among low income, underserved, and vulnerable populations. This report makes recommendations specifically for clinical settings of health care to identify those who suffer the resultant negative health impacts of social isolation and loneliness and target interventions to improve their social conditions. Social Isolation and Loneliness in Older Adults considers clinical tools and methodologies, better education and training for the health care workforce, and dissemination and implementation that will be important for translating research into practice, especially as the evidence base for effective interventions continues to flourish.
Author: Ronda Hughes Publisher: Department of Health and Human Services ISBN: Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 592
Book Description
"Nurses play a vital role in improving the safety and quality of patient car -- not only in the hospital or ambulatory treatment facility, but also of community-based care and the care performed by family members. Nurses need know what proven techniques and interventions they can use to enhance patient outcomes. To address this need, the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), with additional funding from the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, has prepared this comprehensive, 1,400-page, handbook for nurses on patient safety and quality -- Patient Safety and Quality: An Evidence-Based Handbook for Nurses. (AHRQ Publication No. 08-0043)." - online AHRQ blurb, http://www.ahrq.gov/qual/nurseshdbk/
Author: Institute of Medicine Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309208955 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 700
Book Description
The Future of Nursing explores how nurses' roles, responsibilities, and education should change significantly to meet the increased demand for care that will be created by health care reform and to advance improvements in America's increasingly complex health system. At more than 3 million in number, nurses make up the single largest segment of the health care work force. They also spend the greatest amount of time in delivering patient care as a profession. Nurses therefore have valuable insights and unique abilities to contribute as partners with other health care professionals in improving the quality and safety of care as envisioned in the Affordable Care Act (ACA) enacted this year. Nurses should be fully engaged with other health professionals and assume leadership roles in redesigning care in the United States. To ensure its members are well-prepared, the profession should institute residency training for nurses, increase the percentage of nurses who attain a bachelor's degree to 80 percent by 2020, and double the number who pursue doctorates. Furthermore, regulatory and institutional obstacles-including limits on nurses' scope of practice-should be removed so that the health system can reap the full benefit of nurses' training, skills, and knowledge in patient care. In this book, the Institute of Medicine makes recommendations for an action-oriented blueprint for the future of nursing.
Author: Institute of Medicine Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 030914809X Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 236
Book Description
Hypertension is one of the leading causes of death in the United States, affecting nearly one in three Americans. It is prevalent in adults and endemic in the older adult population. Hypertension is a major contributor to cardiovascular morbidity and disability. Although there is a simple test to diagnose hypertension and relatively inexpensive drugs to treat it, the disease is often undiagnosed and uncontrolled. A Population-Based Policy and Systems Change Approach to the Prevention and Control Hypertension identifies a small set of high-priority areas in which public health officials can focus their efforts to accelerate progress in hypertension reduction and control. It offers several recommendations that embody a population-based approach grounded in the principles of measurement, system change, and accountability. The recommendations are designed to shift current hypertension reduction strategies from an individual-based approach to a population-based approach. They are also designed to improve the quality of care provided to individuals with hypertension and to strengthen the Center for Disease Control and Prevention's leadership in seeking a reduction in the sodium intake in the American diet to meet dietary guidelines. The book is an important resource for federal public health officials and organizations, especially the Center for Disease Control and Prevention, as well as medical professionals and community health workers.
Author: Institute of Medicine Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309132916 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 507
Book Description
At the dawn of the twenty-first century, Americans enjoyed better overall health than at any other time in the nation's history. Rapid advancements in medical technologies, breakthroughs in understanding the genetic underpinnings of health and ill health, improvements in the effectiveness and variety of pharmaceuticals, and other developments in biomedical research have helped develop cures for many illnesses and improve the lives of those with chronic diseases. By itself, however, biomedical research cannot address the most significant challenges to improving public health. Approximately half of all causes of mortality in the United States are linked to social and behavioral factors such as smoking, diet, alcohol use, sedentary lifestyle, and accidents. Yet less than five percent of the money spent annually on U.S. health care is devoted to reducing the risks of these preventable conditions. Behavioral and social interventions offer great promise, but as yet their potential has been relatively poorly tapped. Promoting Health identifies those promising areas of social science and behavioral research that may address public health needs. It includes 12 papersâ€"commissioned from some of the nation's leading expertsâ€"that review these issues in detail, and serves to assess whether the knowledge base of social and behavioral interventions has been useful, or could be useful, in the development of broader public health interventions.
Author: Thomas Akiva Publisher: IAP ISBN: 1648026699 Category : Education Languages : en Pages : 341
Book Description
It Takes an Ecosystem explores the idea and potential of the Allied Youth Fields—an aspirational term that suggests increased connection across the multiple systems in which adults engage with young people. Recent research and initiatives make a strong case for what developmentalists have argued for decades: A young person’s learning and development is shaped in positive and negative ways by the interactions they have with all the adults in their life. Now is the time to reshape our systems to support this scientific understanding. The chapters in this book provide ideas, tools, examples, and visions for a more connected, more equitable world for young people and the adults in their lives. Endorsements for It Takes an Ecosystem "It Takes an Ecosystem offers a powerful and timely engagement of the possibilities and challenges facing the Out-of-School Time sector…this book charts a path forward for scholars, practitioners, community members to imagine OST anew---in ways that are socially just and affirming, centered on the optimal development of youth and the power of community." — Bianca Baldridge University of Wisconsin Madison "The book’s emphasis on an ecosystem approach, anchored in commitments to equity and racial justice, combines evidence-based analyses with a future-oriented call to action for the allied youth fields. This book will be a must-read for those committed to radically re-thinking how we bring sectors together to support thriving for children and youth." Ben Kirshner University of Colorado
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Author: Ronda Hughes
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Author: Thomas Akiva