Evaluation of Genetic Diversity in Wild Populations of Black Raspberry (Rubus Occidentalis L) PDF Download

Author: Michael Dossett
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Black raspberries
Languages : en
Pages : 143

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Book Description
In recent years, there has been renewed interest in black raspberry (Rubus occidentalis L.) breeding. This has been spurred, in part, by an increase in black raspberry consumption due to studies that have shown them to be particularly high in anthocyanin content indicating high levels of antioxidants. Present cultivars are ill adapted to the biotic and abiotic stresses of the Pacific Northwest, where the commercial black raspberry industry is centered, and fields must be replanted after 3-5 seasons. Breeding progress in black raspberry has been limited by a lack of genetic diversity. This work is the first documented effort to systematically collect and evaluate wild R. occidentalis germplasm from across the native range of the species. Sources of strong resistance to the virus vector Amphorophora agathonica Hottes were identified from Maine, Michigan, and Ontario. Populations with outstanding vigor and possible resistance to Verticillium wilt were identified, as were two populations with a novel anthocyanin profile. In addition, variation was documented for morphological traits such as thorniness and cane architecture as well as fruit weight and gloss, and ripening times. Molecular analysis of genetic diversity using microsatellite markers in these populations showed that black raspberry cultivars are closely related to each other, but there is tremendous diversity in the wild populations. The data also support phenotypic evidence that several "wild" populations may be descended from feral cultivated plants. Overall, genetic diversity in wild black raspberry germplasm shows tremendous potential for use in breeding improved cultivars.

Author: Timo Hytönen
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319760203
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 218

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Book Description
This book collates the most up to date information on Fragaria, and Rubus genomes. It focuses on the latest advances in the model system Fragaria vesca, along with the allied advances in economically important crops. Covering both basic and applied aspects of crop genomics, it illustrates strategies and resources for the study and utilization of genome sequences and aligned functional genomics resources. Rosaceous berries are collectively an increasingly important set of high-value global crops, with a trade value of over £2 billion dollars per annum. The rosaceous berries strawberry, raspberry and blackberry share some common features at the genome scale, namely a range of ploidy levels in each genus and high levels of heterozygosity (and associated inbreeding depression) due to self-incompatibility systems, dioecy, or multispecies hybridization events. Taken together, although the genomes are relatively compact, these biological features lead to significant challenges in the assembly and analysis of berry genomes, which until very recently have hampered the progress of genome-level studies. The genome of the woodland strawberry, Fragaria vesca, a self-compatible species with a homozygous genome was first sequenced in 2011 and has served as a foundation for most genomics work in Fragaria and to some extent Rubus. Since that time, building upon this resource, there have been significant advances in the development of genome sequences for related crop species. This, coupled with the revolution in affordable sequencing technology, has led to a suite of genomics studies on Fragaria and more recently Rubus, which undoubtedly aid crop breeding and production in future years.

Author: Francesco Mercati
Publisher: MDPI
ISBN: 3036508546
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 200

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Book Description
The exploitation of biodiversity is essential to select resilient genotypes for sustainable cropping systems as one of the main challenges for plant breeding. Mapping traits of agronomic interest in specific genomic regions appears as another pivotal effort for the future development of novel cultivars. For this purpose, there is evidence that MAGIC and other exotic populations will play a major role in the coming years in allowing for impressive gains in plant breeding for developing new generations of improved cultivars. This Special Issue focused on the application of advanced technologies devoted to crop improvement and exploit the available biodiversity in crops. In detail, next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies supported the development of high-density genotyping arrays for different plants included in this issue.

Author: Stephanie L. Greene
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319971212
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 740

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Book Description
The plant species that humans rely upon have an extended family of wild counterparts that are an important source of genetic diversity used to breed productive crops. These wild and weedy cousins are valuable as a resource for adapting our food, forage, industrial and other crops to climate change. Many wild plant species are also directly used, especially for revegetation, and as medicinal and ornamental plants. North America is rich in these wild plant genetic resources. This book is a valuable reference that describes the important crop wild relatives and wild utilized species found in Canada, the United States and Mexico. The book highlights efforts taken by these countries to conserve and use wild resources and provides essential information on best practices for collecting and conserving them. Numerous maps using up-to-date information and methods illustrate the distribution of important species, and supplement detailed description on the potential value these resources have to agriculture, as well as their conservation statuses and needs. There is broad recognition of the urgent need to conserve plant diversity; however, a small fraction of wild species is distinguished by their potential to support agricultural production. Many of these species are common, even weedy, and are easily overshadowed by rare or endangered plants. Nevertheless, because of their genetic proximity to agriculturally important crops or direct use, they deserve to be recognized, celebrated, conserved, and made available to support food and agricultural security. This comprehensive two-volume reference will be valuable for students and scientists interested in economic botany, and for practitioners at all levels tasked with conserving plant biodiversity.

Author: Julie Graham
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319990314
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 164

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Book Description
Raspberry is a globally-significant soft fruit crop, with increasing interest to consumers due to its versatility and health-related constituents. In this background context, it is therefore timely to consider the present and future status of the raspberry crop, particularly with the advances in the use of molecular tools and plant phenotyping to improve our understanding of improving crop quality and fruit yields. Since the 1980s a wealth of fundamental genomics and metabolomics resources have been developed for soft fruits including linkage maps, physical maps, QTLs and expression tools. However, a number of serious and emerging challenges exist for the raspberry industry, including the plants’ ability to resist major pest and disease burdens and the impact of climate change on crop production, specifically water use and water availability for soft fruit crops. This book aims to address some of these challenges by updating the information known about this important crop, its health value, the major pest and diseases which affect raspberry and approaches for their control, and the speed and precision offered by selective breeding programs by the deployment of molecular tools and linkage maps for germplasm assessment. Understanding the genetic control of commercially and nutritionally important traits and the linkage of these characteristics to molecular markers on chromosomes is the future basis of plant breeding. We will also introduce the opportunity to fast track breeding by improving the speed of phenotypic selection by utilizing imaging sensor technologies, thereby reducing the cost of years of field assessment through developing this knowledge into markers linked to key fruit traits. The chapters of this book will span the knowledge gained from the collaborations between growers, plant breeders, plant physiologists, soil scientists, geneticists, agronomists and physicists which is essential to achieve progress in improving productivity and a sustainable industry.

Author: M.R. Ahuja
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319259547
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 439

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Book Description
Genetic erosion is the loss of genetic diversity within a species. It can happen very quickly, due to catastrophic events, or changes in land use leading to habitat loss. But it can also occur more gradually and remain unnoticed for a long time. One of the main causes of genetic erosion is the replacement of local varieties by modern varieties. Other causes include environmental degradation, urbanization, and land clearing through deforestation and brush fires. In order to conserve biodiversity in plants, it is important to targets three independent levels that include ecosystems, species and genes. Genetic diversity is important to a species’ fitness, long-term viability, and ability to adapt to changing environmental conditions. Chapters in this book are written by leading geneticists, molecular biologists and other specialists on relevant topics on genetic erosion and conservation genetic diversity in plants. This divisible set of two volumes deals with a broad spectrum of topics on genetic erosion, and approaches to biodiversity conservation in crop plants and trees. Volume 1 deals with indicators and prevention of genetic erosion, while volume 2 covers genetic diversity and erosion in a number of plants species. These two volumes will also be useful to botanists, biotechnologists, environmentalists, policy makers, conservationists, and NGOs working to manage genetic erosion and biodiversity.

Author: Michael Dossett
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Anthocyanins
Languages : en
Pages : 146

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Book Description
In recent years, there has been renewed interest in black raspberry (Rubus occidentalis L.) breeding. This has been spurred by an increase in black raspberry consumption due to studies that have shown them to be particularly high in anthocyanin content indicating high levels of antioxidants. Present cultivars are ill adapted to the biotic and abiotic stresses of the Pacific Northwest, where the commercial black raspberry industry is centered, and fields must be replanted after 3-5 seasons. An incomplete, partial diallel, consisting of 10 parents (eight cultivars, a wild selection, and a bulk pollen sample from R. leucodermis Dougl. ex Torr. & Gray) and 26 sibling families, was constructed for the study of variation and inheritance of vegetative, reproductive and fruit chemistry traits in black raspberry. Sibling families of one to eight plants were established at the Oregon State University Lewis Brown Farm in Corvallis, Oregon, and were arranged as a randomized complete block design with four blocks. Phenological development and vegetative measurements were recorded for each plant in 2005 and 2006. In addition, 25 berry samples of ripe fruit were collected from each plant, and pooled by family within blocks, to study variation in fruit chemistry properties including pH, titratable acidity, soluble solids, anthocyanin profiles, and total anthocyanins. Although there were many striking similarities, strong trends in phenotype based on pedigree were observed for most traits indicating a strong genetic component. For all traits, except for fruit mass, general combining ability effects were significant and larger than specific combining ability effects. Narrow-sense heritability estimates were generally moderate to high when year effects were excluded from the analysis, indicating the potential for progress from careful breeding and selection within the population of plants studied. Most of the observed variability, however, was limited to a small number of the studied genotypes, suggesting a degree of limitation for selection in the present germplasm base.

Author: Richard E. Litz
Publisher: CABI
ISBN: 1780648278
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 704

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Book Description
This book covers the biotechnology of all the major fruit and nut species. Since the very successful first edition of this book in 2004, there has been rapid progress for many fruit and nut species in cell culture, genomics and genetic transformation, especially for citrus and papaya. This book covers both these cutting-edge technologies and regeneration pathways, protoplast culture, in vitro mutagenesis, ploidy manipulation techniques that have been applied to a wider range of species. Three crop species, Diospyros kaki (persimmon), Punica granatum (pomegranate) and Eriobotrya japonica (loquat) are included for the first time. The chapters are organized by plant family to make it easier to make comparisons and exploitation of work with related species. Each chapter discusses the plant family and the related wild species for 38 crop species, and has colour illustrations. It is essential for scientists and post graduate students who are engaged in the improvement of fruit, nut and plantation crops.

Author: Tarun Belwal
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 032385592X
Category : Health & Fitness
Languages : en
Pages : 540

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Book Description
Himalayan Fruits and Berries: Bioactive Compounds, Uses and Nutraceutical Potential presents nutraceutical fruits and berries from the Himalayan region and highlights their potential use in nutraceutical products. Beginning with the introduction of the Himalayan region and its wild fruits, this book explores various kinds of wild fruits and berries. It includes coverage of traditional, ethnomedicinal, and local uses of potential nutraceutical fruits and analyzes their distribution, availability, and cultivation methods. The book also provides a detailed summary of clinical studies and presents "from field to industry" case studies. Wild fruits and berries play an important role in mitigating hunger in the developing world, and these fruits are consumed either in whole or extracted for use in nutraceutical production. Nutrition researchers, food scientists, food chemists, plant scientists, pharmacologists, as well as students or researchers working in pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries exploring the use of Himalayan wild berries and fruits as new components and sources in nutraceuticals will benefit from this book. Includes coverage of the traditional, ethnomedicinal, and local uses of potential nutraceutical fruits and berries Presents bioactive chemical constituents and nutraceutical properties of Himalayan fruits and berries Addresses current challenges related to sustainable utilization, mass production, and the transfer from field to the industry of potential nutraceutical fruits and berries

Author: Matthew Robert Willman
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Black raspberries
Languages : en
Pages : 166

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Book Description
U.S. black raspberry (BR) production is currently limited by narrowly adapted, elite germplasm. Improved understanding of genetic control and stability of pomological traits will inform the development of improved BR germplasm and cultivars. To this end, analysis of a multiple-environment trial of two BR mapping populations derived from crosses of commercial cultivars with wild accessions has provided insights into genetic variation, genotype-by-environment interactions (GEI), quantitative trait loci (QTL), and QTL-by-environment interactions (QEI) of fruit quality traits among diverse field environments. Genetic components and stability of four fruit size traits and six fruit biochemistry were characterized in two mapping populations following their evaluation over three years at four distinct locations representative of current U.S. BR production. GEI of pomological traits were described using two methods: mixed model analysis and Bayesian Finlay-Wilkinson regression. Both methods revealed relatively stable genetic control of the four fruit size traits across the tested production environments and less stable genetic control of the six fruit biochemistry traits. Further, Finlay-Wilkinson regression revealed individuals contributing to GEI for each trait. Ten QTL associated with three fruit morphology traits and five QTL associated with two fruit biochemistry traits were identified. Of the fifteen total QTL, eleven exhibited significant QEI. Closely overlapping QTL revealed linkage of several fruit size traits: fruit mass, drupelet count, and seed fraction. Further, alignment of linked markers to the BR genome revealed genomic regions associated with these traits. These and related findings are expected to guide further genetic characterization of BR fruit quality, management of breeding germplasm, and development of improved BR cultivars for U.S. production.