Author: Shanice M. JonesPublisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
Book Description
Evaluation of Enhanced Efficiency Nitrogen Fertilizers on Corn Production Systems in the Mid-South
Author: Shanice M. JonesNitrogen Fertilizer Management of Temporarily Waterlogged Soils to Improve Corn Production and Reduce Environmental Nitrogen Loss
Author: Brendan A. ZurwellerPublisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 118
Book Description
Intense precipitation events during the corn growing season on poorly-drained soils in the Midwestern United States can result in yield loss due to abiotic plant stress and nitrogen fertilizer loss associated with flooding. Nitrogen loss from soils also has environmental implications if nitrate reaches surfaces waters or gaseous nitrous oxide emissions occur. The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of soil flooding on enhanced efficiency pre-plant and post-flooding nitrogen fertilizer applications on corn production and soil nitrogen availability/loss. Results of this research show that a 50% reduction in soil nitrate can occur after one day of flooding, and large pulses of nitrous oxide emissions can occur in a short time period when soils are flooded. In the 2012 growing season, slight advantages were observed with the use of enhanced efficiency nitrogen fertilizers and a post-flood nitrogen fertilizer application. A significant loss of corn grain yield was observed after three days of flooding in 2013. These results indicate that saturated soil conditions can have both economic and environmental impacts and there is a need for future research to address both drainage and nitrogen management strategies for possible applications to farmers.
Predicting N Fertilizer Needs for Corn in Humid Regions
Author: Impacts of Enhanced Efficiency Nitrogen Fertilizers on Yield-scaled N2O Emissions in Illinois Maize
Author: Rebecca Faye GrahamEvaluation of Growth and Nitrogen Contribution of Cover Crops in Sweet Corn Production Systems
Author: Betsy M. O'ToolePublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Cover crops
Languages : en
Pages : 186
Book Description
Evaluation of Irrigation Water and Nitrogen Fertilizer in Corn Production
Author: Colorado Agricultural Experiment StationPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Corn
Languages : en
Pages : 38
Book Description
Water and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Corn (Zea Mays L.) Under Water Table Management
Author: Ajay SinghPublisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
Book Description
"Drainage and water table management are essential for crop production in humid regions. Water table management not only increases crop yield, but also reduces nitrate leaching to water bodies. This study investigated the water and nitrogen use efficiency of corn under two water management conditions and three nitrogen fertilizer levels. The sap flow heat balance method was used to measure the daily water uptake of corn, over an extended period of the growing season. The impacts of climate change on grain corn and biomass yield in eastern Canada under tile drained conditions was also evaluated over a 30 year future period (2040 to 2069). The study was conducted at a field scale in 2008 and 2009 at St. Emmanuel, Quebec. The two water management conditions were: conventional drainage (FD), and controlled drainage with subirrigation (CD-SI). The three nitrogen (N) fertilizer treatments (low, medium, and high N) were applied in a strip across three blocks. The seasonal water balance indicated that the plants in the CD-SI plots had more water than required in the wet periods, despite the system automation, while the FD plots exhibited deficit water conditions. Water could be saved in the wet periods by better regulating water supplied by subirrigation. However, in dry years, the CD-SI system increased yield. The grain corn water use efficiency (WUE) for FD plots was 2.49 and 2.46 kg m-3, in 2008 and 2009, respectively. In these years, the grain WUE for CD-SI plots was 2.43 and 2.26 kg m-3. Water management treatments demonstrated significant difference (p 0.05) in grain yields in 2009, at low and high nitrogen levels. However, at the medium nitrogen level, water management demonstrated no significant effect (p 0.05) on grain yields. The two water treatments had no effect on the above-ground dry biomass yields in both years. Mean nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of grain corn and biomass varied from 27 to 99 kg kg-1. Highest NUE (99 kg kg-1) was observed under low N (~120 kg N ha-1) and lowest NUE (41 kg kg-1) occurred in the high N (~260 kg N ha-1). This might be due to higher nitrogen losses due to leaching, residual nitrogen in the soil, and more denitrification in high N plots. The rate of plant water uptake measured by the sap flow method, varied from 3.55 to 5.11 mm d-1 from silking to full dent stage of corn growth. These rates were consistent with ETc calculated by the FAO-56 Penman-Monteith method (3.70 to 5.93 mm d-1) for both years. Although, silking is considered as a critical stage for corn growth, water demand was highest at the milk stage (45.63 to 59.80 mm). Transpiration during this stage constituted 10 to12% of the total water requirement of the corn for the season. The silking to full dent stage accounted for approximately 40% of the total water requirement of the crop. The STICS (JavaStics v1.0) crop model was used to examine the impacts of climate change, under the B1 emissions scenario, on corn yield from 2040-2069. The model was calibrated using 2008 field measured data, and then validated using the 2009 data set. Corn grain yield was underestimated by 1.5 to 2.6 Mg ha-1 for the two years of measurement. Total dry biomass was also underestimated by 0.9 to 2.6 Mg ha-1. Simulations for the B1 emissions scenario using synthetic weather data was run under the same crop conditions as in 2008. Tukey's studentized range (HSD) test of corn grain yield indicated that yields at high and low N, and high and medium N were different at the 95% confidence level. Grain and biomass production from 2040-2069 under B1 emissions scenario responded differently (p 0.05) for the three N treatments. However, the Mann-Kendall test showed neither increasing nor decreasing trend (MK-stat - 1.96) at a 95% confidence level. " --
Increasing Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Corn Production Systems, Quantifying Effects of Quality of Soil Structure and Water Regimes:
Author: Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 107
Book Description
The main objective of the research reported in this paper was to develop measures of the quality of soil structure for the mineralization of organic nitrogen and for the uptake of mineral nitrogen by corn. Plant & microbiological response to varying water contents in soils of different structure were used to define measures of the quality of soil structure. Plant response was characterized in controlled environments using gas exchange measurements. Microbiological response was characterized using measurements of net nitrogen mineralization after incubating the soil under controlled environment with & without an amendment of red clover residue. Measurements with plants were made at different stages of plant development from early vegetative to grain-filling and under different water regimes. The study results demonstrated the utility of characterizing the structural quality of soils using least-limiting water ranges derived from a combination of plant-derived gas exchange measurements and measurements of net nitrogen mineralization. The long term goal of the research is to use measure of the quality of soil structure & water regimes, in conjunction with measures of potentially available nitrogen, to develop more accurate recommendations for fertilizer nitrogen applications and thereby increase nitrogen use efficiency.
On-farm Evaluations of Nitrogen Management for Corn Production with Precision Farming Technologies
Author: Bradley Wilbert Van De WoestynePublisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 166
Book Description
Guidelines, or recommendations, for nitrogen (N) management in the Corn Belt are important to corn producers because fertilizer N must be applied for profitable corn production, because profit margins are narrow, and because N fertilization has been linked to local and regional water quality problems. Producers rely on these recommendations because it has been impractical for individuals to identify optimal rates, times, and methods of N fertilization for corn. Precision farming technologies, however, enable organized networks of crop producers to evaluate management practices used on their farms and within regions. These technologies and on-farm trials were used to assess optimal rates of spring-applied and sidedressed N, assess the benefits of using a nitrification inhibitor, and assess the ability of injected liquid swine manure to supply N needed for corn growth. The results showed optimal rates of N were less than currently recommended rates, nitrification inhibitors did not increase profits for producers in central Iowa, and injected liquid swine manure at normal rates supplied adequate amounts of N for plant growth. The results suggest that current recommendations could be substantially improved. The results document that organized networks of producers working together can evaluate and improve nitrogen management and thereby increase their profits while reducing environmental problems associated with N fertilization.
Author: Dale Alan Keahey