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Author: Di Tian Publisher: ISBN: Category : Air Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Air pollution has changed from an urban environmental problem to a phenomenon spreading to state, country and even global scales. In response, a variety of regulations, standards, and policies have been enacted world-wide. Policy-making and development of efficient and effective control strategies requires understanding of air quality impacts from different sources, which are usually estimated using source-oriented air quality models and their corresponding uncertainties should be addressed. This thesis evaluates emission uncertainties and their impacts on air quality modeling (Models-3/Community Multiscale Air Quality Model (CMAQ)), with special attention to biomass burning. Impacts of uncertainties in ozone precursors (mainly NOX and VOC) emissions from different sources and regions on ozone formation and emission control efficiencies are evaluated using Monte Carlo methods. Instead of running CMAQ multiple of times, first and higher order ozone sensitivities calculated by Higher-order Decoupled Direct method in Three Dimensions (CMAQ-HDDM-3D) are employed to propagate emission uncertainties. Biomass burning is one of the major sources for PM2.5. Impacts of uncertainties in biomass burning emissions, including total amount, temporal and spatial characteristics, and speciation on air quality modeling are investigated to identify emission shortcomings. They are followed by estimation of seasonal PM2.5 source contributions over the southeastern US focusing on Georgia. Results show that prescribed forest fires are the largest individual biomass burning source. Forest fire emissions under different forest management practices and ensuing air quality impacts are further studied. Forest management practices considered here include different burning seasons, fire-return intervals (FRIs), and controlling emissions during smoldering. Finally, uncertainties in prescribed forest fire emissions are quantified by propagation of uncertainties in burned area, fuel consumption and emission factors, which are required inputs for emissions estimation and quantified by various fire behavior models and methods. In summary, this thesis has provided important insights regarding emission uncertainties and their impacts on air quality modeling.
Author: Di Tian Publisher: ISBN: Category : Air Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Air pollution has changed from an urban environmental problem to a phenomenon spreading to state, country and even global scales. In response, a variety of regulations, standards, and policies have been enacted world-wide. Policy-making and development of efficient and effective control strategies requires understanding of air quality impacts from different sources, which are usually estimated using source-oriented air quality models and their corresponding uncertainties should be addressed. This thesis evaluates emission uncertainties and their impacts on air quality modeling (Models-3/Community Multiscale Air Quality Model (CMAQ)), with special attention to biomass burning. Impacts of uncertainties in ozone precursors (mainly NOX and VOC) emissions from different sources and regions on ozone formation and emission control efficiencies are evaluated using Monte Carlo methods. Instead of running CMAQ multiple of times, first and higher order ozone sensitivities calculated by Higher-order Decoupled Direct method in Three Dimensions (CMAQ-HDDM-3D) are employed to propagate emission uncertainties. Biomass burning is one of the major sources for PM2.5. Impacts of uncertainties in biomass burning emissions, including total amount, temporal and spatial characteristics, and speciation on air quality modeling are investigated to identify emission shortcomings. They are followed by estimation of seasonal PM2.5 source contributions over the southeastern US focusing on Georgia. Results show that prescribed forest fires are the largest individual biomass burning source. Forest fire emissions under different forest management practices and ensuing air quality impacts are further studied. Forest management practices considered here include different burning seasons, fire-return intervals (FRIs), and controlling emissions during smoldering. Finally, uncertainties in prescribed forest fire emissions are quantified by propagation of uncertainties in burned area, fuel consumption and emission factors, which are required inputs for emissions estimation and quantified by various fire behavior models and methods. In summary, this thesis has provided important insights regarding emission uncertainties and their impacts on air quality modeling.
Author: Clemens Mensink Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 3030220559 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 490
Book Description
Current developments in air pollution modeling are explored as a series of contributions from researchers at the forefront of their field. This newest contribution on air pollution modeling and its application is focused on local, urban, regional and intercontinental modeling; emission modeling and processing; data assimilation and air quality forecasting; model assessment and evaluation; atmospheric aerosols. Additionally, this work also examines the relationship between air quality and human health and the effects of climate change on air quality. This work is a collection of selected papers presented at the 36th International Technical Meeting on Air Pollution Modeling and its Application, held in Ottawa, Canada, May 14-18, 2018. The book is intended as reference material for students and professors interested in air pollution modeling at the graduate level as well as researchers and professionals involved in developing and utilizing air pollution models.
Author: Rainer Friedrich Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 3662070154 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 348
Book Description
This book presents a wealth of new information that enables environmental scientists and authorities to design methods for measuring and modelling emission rates related to specific pollution sources, and thus to generate improved emission inventories and reduction strategies. The text shows how to carry out experiments to verify emission data, including tunnel and open motorway studies, comprehensive city experiments and tracer experiments.
Author: Giorgio Guariso Publisher: Springer ISBN: 3319333496 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 116
Book Description
This book is open access under a CC BY 4.0 license. This book reports on the results of an extended survey conducted across Europe within the framework of the APPRAISAL FP7 project to determine the extent to which an integrated assessment approach to air quality is being adopted, on the one hand, by regional and local authorities to develop air quality plans and, on the other, by researchers. Following a detailed analysis of the role and structure of the components of an integrated assessment study, the results of the survey are considered from a variety of perspectives. Above all, the book discusses the new light the survey sheds on emission abatement policies and measures planned at regional and local scales, and on their synergies/trade-offs with measures implemented at the national scale. Detailed consideration is given to the currently available modeling methodologies for identifying emission sources, assessing the effectiveness of emission reduction measures, and evaluating the impacts of emission abatement measures on human health. Current strengths and weaknesses revealed by the survey are explored, and the application of an integrated assessment tool in two case studies (in Brussels and Porto) is discussed. The book will appeal to all those interested in the use of integrated assessment in connection with the sources, effects and control of air pollution.
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 030949883X Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 73
Book Description
Emissions associated with oil and gas exploration, development, and production on the Gulf waters can result in increased levels of air pollutants that contribute to a range of air quality impacts in the Gulf of Mexico Region (GOMR). "Criteria air pollutants", such as carbon monoxide, lead, nitrogen dioxide, ozone, particulate matter, and sulfur dioxide, are considered harmful to public health and the environment. The Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) manages the U.S. outer continental shelf oil and gas resources and is required to help manage air quality in the GOMR. Review of the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management "Air Quality Modeling in the Gulf of Mexico Region" Study reviews and provides feedback on the BOEM's Air Quality Modeling in the Gulf of Mexico Region Study. This independent technical review of the study explores whether the study meets its goals, accurately reflects the scientific literature, uses reasonable data and modeling analyses, approaches quantitative modeling appropriately, documents findings in a consistent, transparent, and credible way, and aligns with necessary guidelines.
Author: Carlos Borrego Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 0080549675 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 905
Book Description
Recent developments in air pollution modeling are explored as a series of contributions from researchers at the forefront of their field. This book on air quality modeling and its applications is focused on local, urban, regional and intercontinental modeling, data assimilation and air quality forecasting, model assessment and validation, aerosol transformation, the relationship between air quality and human health and the effects of climate change on air quality. It consists of a series of papers that were presented at the 28th NATO/CCMS Conference on Air Pollution Modeling and its Application held in Leipzig, Germany, May 15-19, 2006. It is intended as reference material for students and professors interested in air pollution modeling at the graduate level as well as researchers and professionals involved in developing and utilizing air pollution models.*Discusses cutting-edge developments on air pollution modeling and air quality issues*Presents topical and highly relevant subjects to the air quality and modeling research community*Provides material that can be used to further improve air quality modeling and to inform the community about recent and novel developments in the field
Author: National Research Council Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309171903 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 257
Book Description
The Mobile Source Emissions Factor (MOBILE) model is a computer model developed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for estimating emissions from on-road motor vehicles. MOBILE is used in air-quality planning and regulation for estimating emissions of carbon monoxide (CO), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and nitrogen oxides (NOx) and for predicting the effects of emissions-reduction programs. Because of its important role in air-quality management, the accuracy of MOBILE is critical. Possible consequences of inaccurately characterizing motor-vehicle emissions include the implementation of insufficient controls that endanger the environment and public health or the implementation of ineffective policies that impose excessive control costs. Billions of dollars per year in transportation funding are linked to air-quality attainment plans, which rely on estimates of mobile-source emissions. Transportation infrastructure decisions are also affected by emissions estimates from MOBILE. In response to a request from Congress, the National Research Council established the Committee to Review EPA's Mobile Source Emissions Factor (MOBILE) Model in October 1998. The committee was charged to evaluate MOBILE and to develop recommendations for improving the model.
Author: Douw G. Steyn Publisher: Springer ISBN: 9400755775 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 738
Book Description
Recent developments in air pollution modeling and its application are explored here in contributions by researchers at the forefront of their field. The book is focused on local, urban, regional and intercontinental modeling; data assimilation and air quality forecasting; model assessment and evaluation; aerosol transformation; the relationship between air quality and human health and the interaction between climate change and air quality. The work will provide useful reference material for students and professors interested in air pollution modeling at the graduate level as well as researchers and professionals involved in developing and utilizing air pollution models.
Author: National Research Council Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309046319 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 525
Book Description
Despite more than 20 years of regulatory efforts, concern is widespread that ozone pollution in the lower atmosphere, or troposphere, threatens the health of humans, animals, and vegetation. This book discusses how scientific information can be used to develop more effective regulations to control ozone. Rethinking the Ozone Problem in Urban and Regional Air Pollution discusses: The latest data and analysis on how tropospheric ozone is formed. How well our measurement techniques are functioning. Deficiencies in efforts to date to control the problem. Approaches to reducing ozone precursor emissions that hold the most promise. What additional research is needed. With a wealth of technical information, the book discusses atmospheric chemistry, the role of oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in ozone formation, monitoring and modeling the formation and transport processes, and the potential contribution of alternative fuels to solving the tropospheric ozone problem. The committee discusses criteria for designing more effective ozone control efforts. Because of its direct bearing on decisions to be made under the Clean Air Act, this book should be of great interest to environmental advocates, industry, and the regulatory community as well as scientists, faculty, and students.
Author: Mark Sutton Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1402091214 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 468
Book Description
Anthropogenic emissions of ammonia cause a host of environmental impacts, including loss of biodiversity, soil acidification and formation of particulate matter in the atmosphere. Under the auspices of the UNECE Convention on Long Range Transboundary Air Pollution, around 80 international experts met to review the state of scientific knowledge. This book reports their analysis. It concludes that threshold levels for ammonia effects have been underestimated and sets new values, it assesses the independent evidence to verify reported reductions in regional ammonia emissions, and it reviews the uncertainties in modelling ammonia, both in "hot spots" and at the regional scale.
Author: Di Tian
Author: Di Tian
Author: Clemens Mensink
Author: Rainer Friedrich
Author: Giorgio Guariso
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Author: Carlos Borrego
Author: National Research Council
Author: Douw G. Steyn
Author: National Research Council
Author: Mark Sutton