Evaluation of Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) Fueling Systems PDF Download

Author:
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Category : Compressed natural gas
Languages : en
Pages : 78

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Author: Ontario. Ministry of Transportation. Transportation Technology and Energy Branch
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 54

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In this report, the performance of commercial compressed natural gas (CNG) automotive conversion equipment is evaluated on the bases of fuel consumption, exhaust emissions, and acceleration performance results obtained in the Ministry of Transportation chassis dynamometer laboratory. The conversion systems were supplied by the Diversified Fuel Components and CNG Fuel Systems companies of Ontario and were installed on a 5-L spark-ignition engine in a Ford F-150 pickup truck, which was operated as a CNG/gasoline dual-fuel vehicle. Fuel consumption and exhaust emissions of carbon monoxide, hydro-carbons, and nitrogen oxides were measured on gasoline, before and after conversion, and on natural gas over urban and highway driving cycles, strictly according to Transport Canada guidelines and US Environmental Protection Agency regulations.

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Languages : en
Pages : 70

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This study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of aftermarket fuel delivery systems for vehicles fueled by compressed natural gas (CNG) and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG). Most of the CNG and LPG vehicles studied were converted to the alternative fuel after purchase. There are wide variations in the quality of the conversion hardware and the installation. This leads to questions about the overall quality of the converted vehicles, in terms of emissions, safety, and performance. There is a considerable body of emissions data for converted light-duty vehicles, and a smaller amount for medium- and heavy-duty vehicles. However, very few of these data involve real world conditions, and there is growing concern about in-use emissions. This report also attempts to assess factors that could allow in-use emissions to vary from the ''best-case'' results normally reported. The study also addresses issues of fuel supply, fuel composition, performance, safety, and warranty waivers. The report is based on an extensive literature and product survey and on the author's experience with fuel delivery systems for light-duty vehicles.

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Languages : en
Pages : 60

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This report compares vehicles using compressed natural gas (CNG), liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), and combinations of the two in bi-fuel or flex-fuel configurations. Evidence shows that environmental and energy advantages can be gained by replacing two-fuel CNG/gasoline vehicles with two-fuel or flex-fuel systems to be economically competitive, it is necessary to develop a universal CNG/LPG pressure-regulator-injector and engine control module to switch from one tank to the other. For flex-fuel CNG/LPG designs, appropriate composition sensors, refueling pumps, fuel tanks, and vaporizers are necessary.

Author: Naomi W. Ledé
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Category : Buses
Languages : en
Pages : 90

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This study is a detailed comparative analysis of liquefied natural gas (LNG) and compressed natural gas (CNG). The study provides data on two alternative fuels used by transit agencies in Texas. First, the state-of-the-art in alternative fuels is examined to establish a framework for the study. Efforts were made to examine selected characteristics of two types of NG demonstrations in terms of the following properties: energy source characteristics, vehicle performance and emissions, operations, maintenance, reliability, safety costs, and fuel availability. Where feasible, two alternative fuels were compared with conventional gasoline and diesel fuel. Environmental considerations relative to fuel distribution and use are analyzed, with a focus on examining flammability and other safety-related issues. The objectives of the study included assessing the state-of-the-art and document-relevant findings pertaining to alternative fuels, analyzing and synthesizing existing databases on two NG alternatives (LNG and CNG), comparing two alternative fuels used by transit agencies in Texas, and addressing selected aspects of alternative fuels such as energy source characteristics, vehicle performance and emissions, safety, costs, maintenance and operations, and environmental issues. A profile of two alternative fuels used by Texas transit agencies is presented. The comparisons made about properties of LNG and CNG provide a context within which an assessment of other alternative fuels such as methanol, ethanol, and electric vehicles can be made. The findings of the study will contribute to existing evidence on alternative fuels. Data included in the study will be useful to transportation industry officials in the public and private sector. Comparative data on alternative fuels will contribute to a greater understanding of their use and enhance policy decisions about alternative fuels.

Author:
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ISBN:
Category : Compressed natural gas
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Book Description
This report compares vehicles using compressed natural gas (CNG), liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), and combinations of the two in bi-fuel or flex-fuel configurations. Evidence shows that environmental and energy advantages can be gained by replacing two-fuel CNG/gasoline vehicles with two-fuel or flex-fuel CNG/LPG vehicles. For two-fuel systems to be economically competitive, it is necessary todevelop a universal CNG/LPG pressure-regulator-injector and engine control module to switch from one tank to the other. For flex-fuel CNG/LPG designs, appropriate composition sensors, refueling pumps, fuel tanks, and vaporizers are necessary.

Author: Mark A. Epp
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Languages : en
Pages : 39

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Author: Mark A. Epp
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Compressed natural gas
Languages : en
Pages : 21

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Phase 2 of the "Evaluation of Technical and Economic Parameters of Natural Gas Delivery Using Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) Technologies" study considers the supply of natural gas to an off-grid community of multiple industrial/commercial consumers. For the purpose of the study, average total annual consumption by the community is given as 350,000 GJ. The travel distance is increased to a 150 km round trip. The study represents a scaled up model in relation to Phase 1 in that gas continues to be delivered by road transport from a single source to a single off-loading location; however, the addition of a local community distribution system delivers the fuel to a number of users with smaller loads.

Author:
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Category : Diesel motor
Languages : en
Pages : 16

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Author: Fuels and Lubricants TC 7 Fuels Committee
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) is a practical automotive fuel, with advantages and disadvantages when compared to gasoline. It has a good octane quality, is clean burning, easy to meter, and generally produces lower vehicle exhaust emissions. CNG is used to fuel internal combustion engines. Natural gas is normally compressed form 20 690 to 24 820 kPa (3000 to 3600 psig) to increase its energy density thereby reducing its on-board vehicle storage volume for a given range and payload.The properties of natural gas are influenced by (1) the processing of natural gas by the production and transmission companies and (2) the regional gas supply, storage, and demand balancing done by distribution companies often in concert with pipeline companies to maintain uninterrupted service throughout the year, e.g., peakshaving with propane-air (see U.S. Bureau of Mines Publication 503).Information on the properties of distribution system natural gas and its variability has been included in Figure 1 and can be found in GRI-92/0123. The analysis in this reference summarizes the expected composition of natural gas in 26 cities. Composition can vary hourly under certain operating conditions in certain areas of the country. Thus the data should generally be considered representative for the areas mentioned with due consideration for local variation.Natural gas is comprised chiefly of methane (generally 88 to 96 mole percent) with the balance being a decreasing proportion of non-methane alkanes (i.e., ethane, propane, butanes, etc.).Other components found in natural gas are nitrogen (N2), carbon dioxide (CO2), water, oxygen, and trace amounts of lubricating oil (from compressors) and sulfur found as hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and other sulfur compounds. Before entering the transmission system, it is processed to meet limits on hydrogen sulfide, water, condensibles of heavier hydrocarbons, inert gases such as carbon dioxide and nitrogen, and energy content. Mercaptan odorants (e.g., tertiary butyl mercaptan) are added by local distribution companies (LDC's) for safety reasons to detect the presence of natural gas which otherwise would be odorless.Water content and other corrosion precursors, heavier hydrocarbons which may condense within the fuel container, particulate matter, oil and energy content need to be controlled in order to minimize corrosion and provide satisfactory low-temperature vehicle operation, performance, and emissions levels. The provisions contained in this SAE Recommended Practice are intended to protect the interior surfaces of the fuel container and other vehicle fuel system components such as fuel injector and exhaust catalyst elements from the onset of corrosion, poisoning, the deposition of liquids or large dust particles, or the formation of water, ice particles, frost, or hydrates. The provisions contained in this document are not intended to address the composition of natural gas as delivered to a fueling station, but rather at the outlet of the fueling station as delivered into the containers on the vehicle. Limits on gas composition constituents currently not included in this document may be added when data are available to substantiate them.