Evaluation of Commissioning Methods on Building Automation System of Dedicated Outdoor Air System PDF Download

Author: Cheng, Xi
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

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Book Description
Building Automation Systems (BAS) are widely used in large commercial buildings to assist in the management of the building HVAC system. The purpose is to replace manual operation with automatic operation, improve indoor air comfort, and to reduce energy consumption through improved control strategies. One reason for lack of energy conservation for BASis that the settings in building automation system are not optimized according to the operation building system condition and load requirements. To address this issue, studies focused on commissioning for BAS, which can be called building re-tuning, have been developed by PNNL to provide optimized solutions for building operators. However, the building re-tuning solutions having been promoted are mainly for the Variable Air Volume system, problems may persist when the BAS for a different type of system needs to be commissioned, for example a Dedicated Outdoor Air System (DOAS). The air handling process for DOAS is very different from the process for a VAV system, despite the fact that DOAS is also widely implemented in commercial buildings.In order to address these issue, this project focuses on the evaluation of effectiveness of the common VAV BAS commissioning measures to the Dedicated Outdoor Air System. The main research method is modeling with the EnergyPlus program. Baseline models with DOAS and fan coil system have been built in this study, and 6 types of commissioning measures are implemented and compared with the base models. The energy performance for the commissioning measures are simulated in 16 different locations in the U.S. Finally, the analysis will be based on the comparison between the effectiveness of measures in different climates, between a VAV system and a DOAS, as well as comparison between DOAS unit and parallel cooling system.This document includes a literature review on commissioning and DOAS, a case study for commissioning a DOAS, and the energy modeling process for this study. The result of modeling and the detailed coding about the commissioning measures are also presented.

Author: Maija Virta
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1000387631
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 163

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Book Description
Green buildings have become common in India and other countries in Asia. However, there is a concern regarding the performance of green buildings failing to meet the expectations of clients during the operation. One of the key reasons for this is poorly commissioned HVAC systems. In this publication we provide tools and knowhow for more efficient HVAC commissioning. It gives answers for four major questions: why commissioning is needed, how to perform proper commissioning, which key performance issues of common HVAC equipment need to be considered, and what kind of checklists are used during commissioning? It covers the entire commissioning process beginning with the owner’s project requirements and commissioning design reviews. Then, it explains procedures during installation and start-up of equipment followed by the functional performance testing, seasonal commissioning and 10 months’ operation review. This publication is developed by Indian Society of Heating, Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Engineers ISHRAE for Indian and Asian requirements in conjunction with the Federation of European HVAC Associations REHVA. The process steps described in this publication are in line with all major international building standards and green building certification schemes. Note: T&F does not sell or distribute the Hardback in India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka.

Author: Nídia S. Caetano
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3031435591
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 813

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Book Description
This is the 9th edition of the International Conference on Energy and Environment Research, ICEER 2022, took place in the middle of September, ISEP, Porto, Portugal (Hybrid). This book includes all the well-presented papers in ICEER 2022. The maturity of this conference series has now been reached, with a large number of participants from academia, as well as a few coming from the professional field. Linking together energy and environment research is not an easy task. However, it is now understood that these fields are interconnected and that the answer to the challenge of a sustainable future depends enormously on the willingness and capability of problem thinking in an integrated manner. This book presents the participants in ICEER 2022 contribution toward sustainability, through energy and environment research, thanks for all.

Author: Nunzio Cotrufo
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 163

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Book Description
The performance of the HVAC systems in buildings tends to decrease after few years of operation. Equipment and sensors degradation lead to remarkable wastes of energy and money, as well as to the increase of building occupants thermal discomfort. HVAC ongoing commissioning (OCx), the continuation of HVAC commissioning well into the occupancy and operation phase of a building life, has been recognized as a cost-effective strategy to reduce energy wastes, equipment degradation and thermal discomfort. Building Automation Systems (BAS) collect and store huge amount of data for the purpose of building systems control. Those data represent a golden mine of information that can be used for the OCx of the building HVAC systems. This research work develops and validates new methods and models to be used for the OCx of HVAC systems using BAS measurements from commonly installed sensors. A Fault Detection and Identification (FD&I) method for chillers operation, and several virtual sensor models for variables of interest in Air Handling Units (AHUs) are presented. A FD&I method based on Principal Components Analysis (PCA) has been developed and used to detect abnormal operation conditions in an existing chiller operation and identify the responsible variables. The proposed FD&I method has been trained using measurements from summer 2009, and then used to detect abnormal observations from the following seven summer seasons (2010-2016). When the detected abnormal observations were replaced with artificially generated fault-free data, the proposed FD&I method did not detect any abnormal value along those artificially faulty-free variables. In summer 2016 the building operators changed several HVAC system operation set points, the FD&I method was effective in detecting almost 100% of the observations and properly identifying those variables whose set point was changed. For two different operation modes of an AHU several virtual outdoor air flow meters have been developed and the predictions have been compared against short-term measurements using uncertainty analysis and statistical indices. Three models have been investigated when the heat recovery coil was off. Results showed that the model with the simplest mathematical formulation was the most accurate, with the lowest value of uncertainty. When a heat recovery coil at the fresh air intake was on, two virtual flow meters have been developed to predict the outdoor air flow rate without the need of additional sensors. Both the models predicted the outdoor air ratio with good statistical indices: the Mean Absolute Error (MAE) was 0.015 for model a and 0.016 for model b. Three methods for the virtual measurement and/or calibration of air temperature and relative humidity have been developed for different AHU operation modes. These methods are different in terms of modelling strategy, information needed and technical knowledge required for implementation. For instance, results from the correction of the faulty measurements of the outdoor air temperature along a 24 hours period using Method A showed a high virtual calibration capability: MAE = 0.2°C and the Coefficient of Variation, CV-RMSE = 1.7%. A new definition of virtual sensor is proposed at the end of this research work. From a review of publications on virtual sensors for building application, the two most recurrent reason for the implementation of virtual sensor models (costs and practical issues) have been highlighted and integrated into the proposed new definition.

Author: Howard D. Goodfellow
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128167793
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 745

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Book Description
Industrial Ventilation Design Guidebook, Volume 2: Engineering Design and Applications brings together researchers, engineers (both design and plants), and scientists to develop a fundamental scientific understanding of ventilation to help engineers implement state-of-the-art ventilation and contaminant control technology. Now in two volumes, this reference contains extensive revisions and updates as well as a unique section on best practices for the following industrial sectors: Automotive; Cement; Biomass Gasifiers; Advanced Manufacturing; Industrial 4.0); Non-ferrous Smelters; Lime Kilns; Pulp and Paper; Semiconductor Industry; Steelmaking; Mining. Brings together global researchers and engineers to solve complex ventilation and contaminant control problems using state-of-the-art design equations Includes an expanded section on modeling and its practical applications based on recent advances in research Features a new chapter on best practices for specific industrial sectors

Author: Barney L. Capehart
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 8770223211
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 640

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Book Description
With the widespread availability of high-speed, high-capacity microprocessors and microcomputers with high-speed communication ability, and sophisticated energy analytics software, the technology to support deployment of automated diagnostics is now available, and the opportunity to apply automated fault detection and diagnostics to every system and piece of equipment in a facility, as well as for whole buildings, is imminent. The purpose of this book is to share information with a broad audience on the state of automated fault detection and diagnostics for buildings applications, the benefits of those applications, emerging diagnostic technology, examples of field deployments, the relationship to codes and standards, automated diagnostic tools presently available, guidance on how to use automated diagnostics, and related issues.

Author: Steven Driver
Publisher: eBookIt.com
ISBN: 1456630911
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 310

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Book Description
An International Approach to Sustainability was written by Steven P. Driver Ph.D. to educate anyone interested in reducing operational costs in buildings with an interest in making a difference in climate change. Through the application of energy conservation techniques, whether it's your home or workplace, this e-book can help you reduce energy consumption. This e-book was written to educate home owners, building managers, real estate developers, university and campus facility maintenance personnel, employees, and anyone else with an interest in helping our environment. This publication offers an understanding of some available technologies to mitigate energy waste. Having overcome proprietary barriers which restricted the full understanding of how to combine artificial and human intelligence with respect to building commissioning is what makes this publication unique. After completing several years of post-doctoral research to understanding differences and benefits between ongoing and retroactive commissioning, we now have a better vision of what is required to make our buildings sustainable with respect to energy consumed. This publication includes over 30 years of experience in energy management and formed the basis for a U.S trademark on Sustainable Commissioning, a concept explained in this e-book. The journey continues in researching new energy reduction technologies and piloting them confirming further effectiveness of the concept. The content in this e-book was validated through the deployment of several case studies applying the Sustainable Commissioning concept. The results from those case studies have validated an average return on investment of 62% with a 75% internal rate of return resulting in an 18 month simple pay back. The results demonstrate not only how to save operational cost, but environmental benefits averaging 1,009 metric tons of carbon emissions avoided annually for each case study.

Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 24

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Book Description
Houses do not perform optimally or even as many codes and forecasts predict. For example, Walker et al. (1998a) found large variations in thermal distribution system efficiency, as much as a factor of two even between side-by-side houses with the same system design and installation crew. This and other studies (e.g., Jump et al. 1996) indicate that duct leakage testing and sealing can readily achieve a 25 to 30% reduction in installed cooling capacity and energy consumption. As another example, consider that the building industry has recognized for at least 20 years the substantial impact that envelope airtightness has on thermal loads, energy use, comfort, and indoor air quality. However, Walker et al. (1998a) found 50% variances in airtightness for houses with the same design and construction crews, within the same subdivision. A substantial reason for these problems is that few houses are now built or retrofitted using formal design procedures, most are field assembled from a large number of components, and there is no consistent process to identify problems or to correct them. Solving the problems requires field performance evaluations of houses using appropriate and agreed upon procedures. Many procedural elements already exist in a fragmented environment; some are ready now to be integrated into a new process called residential commissioning (Wray et al. 2000). For example, California's Title 24 energy code already provides some commissioning elements for evaluating the energy performance of new houses. A house consists of components and systems that need to be commissioned, such as building envelopes, air distribution systems, cooling equipment, heat pumps, combustion appliances, controls, and other electrical appliances. For simplicity and practicality, these components and systems are usually evaluated individually, but we need to bear in mind that many of them interact. Therefore, commissioning must not only identify the energy and non-energy benefits associated with improving the performance of a component, it must also indicate how individual components interact in the complete building system. For this paper, we limit our discussion to diagnostics in areas of particular concern with significant interactions: envelope and HVAC systems. These areas include insulation quality, windows, airtightness, envelope moisture, fan and duct system airflows, duct leakage, cooling equipment charge, and combustion appliance backdrafting with spillage. The remainder of this paper first describes what residential commissioning is, its characteristic elements, and how one might structure its process. Subsequent sections describe a consolidated set of practical diagnostics that the building industry can use now. Where possible, we also discuss the accuracy and usability of these diagnostics, based on recent laboratory work and field studies. We conclude by describing areas in need of research and development, such as practical field diagnostics for envelope thermal conductance and combustion safety. There are several potential benefits for builders, consumers, code officials, utilities, and energy planners of commissioning houses using a consistent set of validated methods. Builders and/or commissioning agents will be able to optimize system performance and reduce consumer costs associated with building energy use. Consumers will be more likely to get what they paid for and builders can show they delivered what was expected. Code officials will be better able to enforce existing and future energy codes. As energy reduction measures are more effectively incorporated into the housing stock, utilities and energy planners will benefit through greater confidence in predicting demand and greater assurance that demand reductions will actually occur. Performance improvements will also reduce emissions from electricity generating plants and residential combustion equipment. Research to characterize these benefits is underway.

Author: Cibse
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1136421734
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 196

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Book Description
'Building Control Systems' provides the building services engineer with a comprehensive understanding of modern control systems and relevant information technology. This will ensure that the best form of control systems for the building is specified and that proper provision is made for its installation, commissioning, operation and maintenance. Beginning with an overview of the benefits of the modern building control system, the authors describe the different controls and their applications, and include advice on their set-up and tuning for stable operation. There are chapters on the practical design of control systems, how to work from the hardware components and their inclusion in networks, through to control strategies in Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems and whole buildings. The relationship between Building, Management Systems (BMS) and information technology systems is discussed, and the building procurement process and the importance of considering control requirements at an early stage in the design process

Author: Marzenna R. Dudzinska
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 041567266X
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 160

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Book Description
Due to changes in lifestyle, people spend more time indoors. This refers not only to the time spent at home and at office premises, but also in shopping malls, recreation centers and transport vehicles. Concentrations of many pollutants are higher indoors than they are outdoors. Consequently, the indoor environment has a bigger impact on human health, well being and effectiveness. Indoor Environment Engineering is a relatively new scientific discipline with an interdisciplinary character, using knowledge from chemistry, biology, medicine and engineering. Since the early 1990s, the number of studies in this area has grown significantly from research on indoor air parameters, new emerging pollutants in indoor air, energy saving systems of heating, to studies on ventilation and air-conditioning in buildings. Even though much progress has been made since then, a number of questions still remains open: How can indoor air quality be measured? What are reliable, time- and cost-efficient methods? How can indoor air quality be improved, investing as little energy as possible? How to minimize secondary pollution caused by air supply systems? Which type of pollutants should research focus on? In what way are we exposed to new pollutants (plasticizers, flame retardants, pesticides)? What is their impact on our health? Management of Indoor Air Quality is a collection of 14 peer reviewed papers in Indoor Environment Engineering addressing the above issues. It includes research on HVAC impact on aerosol levels, new ventilation systems as well as air quality problems in new environments. The volume is intended for scientists, engineers, post-graduate and graduate students interested in the area of indoor environment.