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Author: Andrew J. Holick Publisher: ISBN: Category : Legibility (Printing) Languages : en Pages : 118
Book Description
This project was conducted to provide results that the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) could use to help make decisions about their guide sign policies. The specific issues that were addressed include the type of font and retroreflective sheeting that should be specified on guide signs ranging from large shoulder-mounted freeway guide signs, to medium-sized guide signs such as destination and distance signs, and even including small guide signs such as county road name signs. The researchers performed a nighttime legibility study using a total of 30 subjects divided into three age groups.
Author: Andrew J. Holick Publisher: ISBN: Category : Legibility (Printing) Languages : en Pages : 118
Book Description
This project was conducted to provide results that the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) could use to help make decisions about their guide sign policies. The specific issues that were addressed include the type of font and retroreflective sheeting that should be specified on guide signs ranging from large shoulder-mounted freeway guide signs, to medium-sized guide signs such as destination and distance signs, and even including small guide signs such as county road name signs. The researchers performed a nighttime legibility study using a total of 30 subjects divided into three age groups.
Author: Jeffrey D. Miles Publisher: ISBN: Category : Legibility (Printing) Languages : en Pages : 68
Book Description
Researchers at Texas A & M Transportation Institute completed a study of E-Modified, Enhanced E-Modified, and Clearview 5W for overhead and shoulder-mounted guide signs. The overhead guide signs consisted of three 6-letter, 16-inch tall font words stacked over each other at a standard spacing. The test word was on the middle line and had a leading uppercase letter followed by a combination of lowercase ascender and neutral letters, lowercase descender and neutral letters, or all lowercase neutral letters. The word on the top line was "Paying," and the word on the lower line was "Likely." These words were chosen such that the descender and ascender letters encroached on the test words to evaluate the impact of interline spacing. The shoulder-mounted signs consisted of two-digit numbers. Both the word and number legends were chosen to have similar footprints to minimize the likelihood of guessing based on recognition rather than legibility. Legibility distance data were recorded for each word read; however, the researchers completed the analysis based on the legibility index (LI), which is the legibility distance divided by the legend height. A detailed table of previous research is provided in LI values for cross comparison. Similar to previous research, there were mean LI values in some instances for Enhanced E-Modified and Clearview 5W that were larger than E-Modified; however, none of them were statistically significant. The only statistically significant differences reported were with respect to subject age (e.g., 18-35, and 65+) and day versus night, and at night within Clearview 5W with respect to legend type. The mean LI were 68.9 and 45.2 for 18-35 versus 65+ participants in the daytime condition, respectively, and 50.2 and 36.4 for 18-35 versus 65+ participants in the nighttime condition, respectively. It was shown that the cost to implement Clearview 5W would be more expensive than E-Modified, so it was recommended that future research focus on evaluating Clearview 5WR.
Author: Bette R Bonder Publisher: F.A. Davis ISBN: 0803622406 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 700
Book Description
The ideal resource for rehabilitation professionals who are working with or preparing to work with older adults! It describes the normal aging process, illustrates how health and social factors can impede an aging person’s abilities, and demonstrates how to develop mechanisms for maximizing the well-being of older adults.
Author: Helmut T. Zwahlen Publisher: ISBN: Category : Older automobile drivers Languages : en Pages : 356
Book Description
Twenty older drivers, aged 63 to 81 (average 72.1), with corrected visual acuity ranging from 20/20 to 20/29 (average 20/25), evaluated six sign material and lighting combinations under nighttime conditions on US Route 30 near Mansfield, Ohio. The tested material combinations, all unlighted unless noted otherwise, were (legend on background) beaded Type III on beaded Type III, lighted beaded Type III on beaded Type III, Type VIII on microprismatic Type III, Type IX on beaded Type III, Type IX on Type IX, and Type VII on beaded Type III. Evaluators sat in the passenger seat and middle center seat of a 2002 Dodge Caravan. Headlights were kept on low beam. The evaluation loop was driven twice, once approaching signs in the left lane, and once approaching in the right lane. The evaluators completed questionnaires regarding sign visibility, legibility, and appearance after driving under each sign group and also an exit interview on the same topics at the end of the evaluation. Based on questionnaire responses, the highest rated sign groups in terms of legibility and visibility were Type IX on Type IX and Type VII on beaded Type III, which in the exit interview were deemed acceptable for nighttime use by 80% and 65% of evaluators, respectively. In contrast, the lighted beaded Type III on beaded Type III sign, representing existing signing practice in Ohio, was deemed acceptable by only 40-45% of evaluators. The Type VIII on microprismatic Type III sign performed about as well as the lighted sign group, receiving higher scores on the relevant questions on the Exit Interview (60% for legibility, 55% for visibility), but performing worse on the Sign Evaluation Forms. The Type IX on beaded Type III, a favored option in the previous study, performed noticeably still worse, and the unlighted beaded Type III on beaded Type III had the worst performance overall, as was the case in the previous study. Given that the Type IX on Type IX and Type VII on beaded Type III was clearly favored by evaluators over the lighted sign group, it appears that switching from lighted signs to unlighted signs using Type VII on beaded Type III or Type IX on Type IX materials may represent an actual improvement for older drivers, in addition to having benefits in terms of saving on electricity, lighting maintenance costs, and worker/traffic hazards. With the greater needs of older drivers, the use at short distance of Type IX on Type IX signs instead of the previously suggested Type IX on beaded Type III is recommended.
Author: Susan T. Chrysler Publisher: ISBN: Category : Legibility (Printing) Languages : en Pages : 80
Book Description
A closed course nighttime legibility study measured legibility distance for 6-in. letters using Highway Series D and two experimental fonts, Clearview Condensed Road and a D-Modified font. The Clearview font has a thinner stroke width than Series D and was used for white-on-green signs. The D-Modified font has a thicker stroke width than Series D and was used for black letters on white, yellow, and orange backgrounds. Three types of retroreflective sheeting were tested: ASTM Types III, VIII, and IX.
Author: Paul John Carlson Publisher: ISBN: 9780309375474 Category : Traffic signs and signals Languages : en Pages : 84
Book Description
Chapter 1. Introduction -- chapter 2. Background -- chapter 3. Closed-course study -- chapter 4. Open-Road study -- chapter 5. Research findings -- References -- appendix A. Incremental effects of light sources and sign sheeting on legend luminance for overhead guide signs -- appendix B. Assessment of background complexity using digital images of roadway scenes by image processing -- appendix C. Open-road study details -- appendix D. Guidelines for Nighttime overhead sign visibility.
Author: Melisa Dayle Finley Publisher: ISBN: Category : Road markings Languages : en Pages : 128
Book Description
In Texas, commercial vehicle safety is increasing in priority due to the rising volume of truck traffic and the disproportionate percentage of crashes and fatalities involving large trucks. One particular safety issue is the visibility of signing and pavement markings at night from a commercial vehicle driver's perspective. Through a nighttime controlled field study, the relationship between vehicle type (passenger car versus commercial vehicle) and sign/pavement marking material was evaluated in terms of the legibility distance of signs and the end detection distance of pavement markings. Additional research issues included investigations among sign type (guide, destination, and speed limit) and age (young, middle-aged, and old).
Author: Andrew J. Holick
Author: Andrew J. Holick
Author: 
Author: Jeffrey D. Miles
Author: 
Author: Bette R Bonder
Author: 
Author: Helmut T. Zwahlen
Author: Susan T. Chrysler
Author: Paul John Carlson
Author: Melisa Dayle Finley