Evaluation of Alfalfa Leaf Meal for Dairy Cows. Quarterly Report, July 1, 1997--September 30, 1997 PDF Download
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Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 31
Book Description
A series of laboratory tests and two feeding experiments were conducted to determine the quality and evaluate the feeding value of alfalfa leaf meal (ALM) for dairy cows. An experiment was also conducted to enhance the protein value of ALM for ruminants. The fiber content of 6 different samples obtained from the processing plant from November 1996 to August 1997 were variable, ranging from 28.8 to 44.5% of DM for NDF, and from 16.0 to 28.6% of DM for ADF. Ash content ranged from 10.1 to 13.8% of the DM. The protein content of ALM was fairly constant and ranged from 21.8 to 23.6% of DM. Amino acids comprise at least 70% of the total CP in ALM, but essential amino acids comprise only about 35% of the total CP. The amino acid profile of ALM is similar to that of alfalfa hay, but markedly different from that of soybean meal. Overall, ALM produced to date is similar in nutrient content to prime alfalfa hay. In one of the feeding trials, ALM pellets were used to replace part of the hay in diets for early lactation cows. The results indicate that ALM pellets can make up as much as 16% of the diet DM in replacement of an equivalent amount of high quality chopped alfalfa hay without adverse effects on production or rumen health. In an other study, ALM replaced soybean meal to supply up to 3 3 % of the total CP in the diet without any detrimental effect on production. However, in each study, dry matter intake was reduced when ALM was included in the diet at or above 15 to 16% of the DM. Although this reduction in feed intake did not influence milk production over the short duration of these studies, it is not known what would happen if ALM was fed over long periods of time. Also, these results should not be interpreted to suggest either that ALM may used to replace all the hay in the diets or that ALM in meal form may be used to replace hay in the diets. Moreover, feed consumption by cows used in these experiments was rather high and somewhat atypical of most cows.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 31
Book Description
A series of laboratory tests and two feeding experiments were conducted to determine the quality and evaluate the feeding value of alfalfa leaf meal (ALM) for dairy cows. An experiment was also conducted to enhance the protein value of ALM for ruminants. The fiber content of 6 different samples obtained from the processing plant from November 1996 to August 1997 were variable, ranging from 28.8 to 44.5% of DM for NDF, and from 16.0 to 28.6% of DM for ADF. Ash content ranged from 10.1 to 13.8% of the DM. The protein content of ALM was fairly constant and ranged from 21.8 to 23.6% of DM. Amino acids comprise at least 70% of the total CP in ALM, but essential amino acids comprise only about 35% of the total CP. The amino acid profile of ALM is similar to that of alfalfa hay, but markedly different from that of soybean meal. Overall, ALM produced to date is similar in nutrient content to prime alfalfa hay. In one of the feeding trials, ALM pellets were used to replace part of the hay in diets for early lactation cows. The results indicate that ALM pellets can make up as much as 16% of the diet DM in replacement of an equivalent amount of high quality chopped alfalfa hay without adverse effects on production or rumen health. In an other study, ALM replaced soybean meal to supply up to 3 3 % of the total CP in the diet without any detrimental effect on production. However, in each study, dry matter intake was reduced when ALM was included in the diet at or above 15 to 16% of the DM. Although this reduction in feed intake did not influence milk production over the short duration of these studies, it is not known what would happen if ALM was fed over long periods of time. Also, these results should not be interpreted to suggest either that ALM may used to replace all the hay in the diets or that ALM in meal form may be used to replace hay in the diets. Moreover, feed consumption by cows used in these experiments was rather high and somewhat atypical of most cows.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 5
Book Description
Ninety-six medium frame, Angus and Angus cross steer calves (average initial weight 540 lb.) were allotted to a heavy or light weight block and then randomly assigned to one of four dietary treatments for a 167 or 189-day finishing phase, respectively. Treatments were control (supplemental soybean meal), alfalfa leaf meal (ALM) providing 33%, 66%, 100% of supplemental protein. Finishing diets were formulated to contain .61 Mcal NE{sub g}/lb dry matter, 12.5% crude protein, .6 % Ca and .3 % P. There were no significant (P>.05) effects of dietary treatments on daily gain or dry matter required /lb of gain. Steers fed 100 % ALM consumed more (P .05) dry matter than steers fed either of the other three treatments. Dry matter consumption increased linearly (P.05) with increasing ALM. There was no significant (P>.05) dietary treatment effect on marbling, KPH %, yield grade, quality grade, or liver abscesses. There was an apparent trend in reduced liver abscess incidence in steers fed 100 % ALM. Steers fed 66 % ALM had significantly (P
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 27
Book Description
A sample of ALM became available for testing in October, 1996. The sample was in pelleted form and contained 24.2% crude protein and a gross energy content of 4102 kcal/kg (as fed basis). To determine available energy, the true metabolizable energy assay as developed by Sibbald. The T.M.E. system of feed evaluation, A.R.C. No. 83-1, Research Branch, Ottawa, Canada, was used with some modifications as described below. As the ALM was in pellets too large to feed, the ALM pellets were crumbled or finely reground for the test. Young turkeys (6 wks of age, Nicholas females) were placed in individual cages and allowed to acclimate for 5 days. The turkeys weighed 2.4 kg. The turkeys were fasted for 40 hrs and precision fed 36 g of either crumbled (C) or finely (F) reground ALM. Due to the larger volume of the fine ground ALM, a smaller portion was fed and averaged 28 g. The control turkeys received an equivalent amount of glucose. There were 6 replicates for each ALM source and control turkeys. Excreta was collected for 60 hrs after feeding, consistent with recommendations for a longer collection period for fibrous materials. After the collection period ended, the excreta was quantitatively collected and all material was freeze dried. Each sample was allowed to reach equilibrium with atmospheric conditions and then weighed. The excreta was finely ground and analyzed for moisture, protein and gross energy. Samples of the fed ALM were treated in a similar manner. The true metabolizable energy content (nitrogen corrected) of the C and F ALM was 10 12 (SE 50) and 1578 (SE 159) kcal/kg, respectively. Form of ALM significantly affected TME value (P
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 8
Book Description
This experiment was conducted in cooperation with the Minnesota Alfalfa Producers (MnVAP) cooperative. Alfalfa for use as both a biomass energy source and as a protein supplement has been proposed by MnVAP. Research has shown that alfalfa deteriorates over time in storage, and that storage method and bale type affect the amount of deterioration. Therefore, evaluation of different storage methods and bale types on dry matter and quality losses of alfalfa leaf and stem components is important information for the alfalfa grower and the MnVAP cooperative. Two bale types were evaluated for four storage methods, and measurements were made of initial and final bale weights, dry matter, leaf and stem components, and forage quality estimates. Few differences were detected among bale types for dry matter losses, and interactions among bale type and storage method were not detected. This indicates that dry matter losses were similar for different bale types regardless of the storage method. However, differences in dry matter losses and visible spoilage were detected among storage methods. No interactions between bale type and storage method were detected for forage quality parameters, indicating that forage quality losses as a result of storage were similar for different bale types. Bale type by sample type and storage method by sample type interactions were detected. Many of these were the result of poorer quality alfalfa. 4 refs., 9 tabs.
Author: OECD Publisher: OECD Publishing ISBN: 9264180141 Category : Languages : en Pages : 303
Book Description
These science-based consensus documents contain information for use during the regulatory assessment of food/feed products of modern biotechnology, i.e. developed from transgenic crops.
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Author: Chad Michael Zehnder
Author: OECD
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