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Author: Gage A. Adam Publisher: ISBN: Category : Hybrid warfare Languages : en Pages : 45
Book Description
This thesis investigates Russia's use of hybrid warfare in Ukraine, and whether the endeavor was successful. In order for Russian hybrid warfare to have beensuccessful, the costs and repercussions of their actions must not outweigh their achieved goals. For this thesis, it was assumed that Russia's goals are: locking NATO and the EU out of Russia's remaining sphere of influence, demonstrating Russian solidarity, gaining erritory, and boosting popularity for the current administration. Russia was able to achieve all of these goals with the annexation of Crimea and use of military force in theDonbass region. The costs of these actions included high military spending,infrastructure costs and financial losses, and international backlash. This can be separated into the economic and political sector. Economically, Russia faces massive costs, which are sure to increase in the coming years, in an already weakened economy. Politically, Russia has been shunned by the West and now seeks closer ties with its eastern neighbors. While these costs are high, EU and NATO presence has not spread further West, Russia has shown its ability to act in the region, and Putin's popularity in Russia remains extremely high. With these factors in mind, it can be deemed that Russia's hybrid war in Ukraine was successful, although marginally so.
Author: Gage A. Adam Publisher: ISBN: Category : Hybrid warfare Languages : en Pages : 45
Book Description
This thesis investigates Russia's use of hybrid warfare in Ukraine, and whether the endeavor was successful. In order for Russian hybrid warfare to have beensuccessful, the costs and repercussions of their actions must not outweigh their achieved goals. For this thesis, it was assumed that Russia's goals are: locking NATO and the EU out of Russia's remaining sphere of influence, demonstrating Russian solidarity, gaining erritory, and boosting popularity for the current administration. Russia was able to achieve all of these goals with the annexation of Crimea and use of military force in theDonbass region. The costs of these actions included high military spending,infrastructure costs and financial losses, and international backlash. This can be separated into the economic and political sector. Economically, Russia faces massive costs, which are sure to increase in the coming years, in an already weakened economy. Politically, Russia has been shunned by the West and now seeks closer ties with its eastern neighbors. While these costs are high, EU and NATO presence has not spread further West, Russia has shown its ability to act in the region, and Putin's popularity in Russia remains extremely high. With these factors in mind, it can be deemed that Russia's hybrid war in Ukraine was successful, although marginally so.
Author: U. S. Military Publisher: ISBN: 9781519098122 Category : Languages : en Pages : 101
Book Description
With the Russian annexation of Crimea in 2014, hybrid war became a buzzword within political and academic circles. This study examines hybrid warfare applications using contemporary and historical examples. The analysis seeks to determine why a country was or was not successful in its execution of hybrid war, and it assesses the geopolitical context of cost, benefit, and risk for an aggressor state contributing to its decision to engage in hybrid warfare. The case studies selected include the 1923 German Communist Revolution, Germany's 1938 annexation of Austria, the 2008 Russia-Georgia War, and the ongoing conflict in Ukraine. In each case study, a state went on the offensive, deliberately choosing hybrid tactics to obtain an objective. Ultimately, the study objective strives to deepen our understanding of hybrid war, and to extrapolate how one seemingly minor hybrid event can be tied into a broader goal of an aggressor state in its interactions with a defender state. The analysis of the case studies suggests that the length of the conflict, local support, consolidated leadership, and the power balance between the two states involved have contributed to the success of state-sponsored hybrid war.CHAPTER I - INTRODUCTION * A. MAJOR RESEARCH QUESTION * B. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE RESEARCH QUESTION * C. LITERATURE REVIEW * D. CRITIQUES OF TERM HYBRID WAR * E. OTHER ASPECTS TO BE CONSIDERED * F. POTENTIAL EXPLANATIONS AND HYPOTHESES * G. RESEARCH DESIGN * H. STUDY OVERVIEW AND DRAFT CHAPTER OUTLINE * CHAPTER II - THE 1923 COMMUNIST REVOLUTION IN GERMANY * A. GERMAN AND SOVIET POLITICAL BACKGROUND * B. BUILD UP AND EVENTS LEADING TO THE REVOLUTION ATTEMPT * C. WHY DID THIS HYBRID CONFLICT FAIL? * D. LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT APPLICATION AND EXECUTION OF HYBRID WAR * 1. Military * 2. Propaganda * 3. Local Support * 4. Leadership Consensus * E. BROADER GEO-POLITICAL CONTEXT - WHY CHOOSE HYBRID STRATEGY? * F. HOW IS THIS CASE STUDY RELEVANT TO CONTEMPORARY RUSSIAN ACTIONS IN UKRAINE? * G. CONCLUSION * CHAPTER III - THE ANSCHLUSS * A. GERMAN AND AUSTRIAN BACKGROUND * B. 1936 AGREEMENT * C. BERCHTESGADEN CONFERENCE * D. THE SURPRISE PLEBISCITE * E. WHAT MADE THIS HYBRID CONFLICT SUCCESSFUL? * F. LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT APPLICATION AND EXECUTION OF HYBRID WAR * 1. Local Support * 2. Propaganda * 3. Economy * 4. Military * 5. Leadership Consensus * G. FURTHER CONSIDERATIONS * H. INTERNATIONAL RESPONSE * I. BROADER GEO-POLITICAL CONTEXT: WHY CHOOSE HYBRID STRATEGY? * J. HOW IS THIS CASE STUDY RELEVANT TO CONTEMPORARY RUSSIAN ACTIONS IN UKRAINE? * K. CONCLUSION * CHAPTER IV - THE 2008 RUSSIA-GEORGIA WAR * A. RUSSIAN AND GEORGIAN POLITICAL CONTEXT * B. THE EVENTS BUILDING UP TO AND START OF WAR * C. ASSESSING RUSSIAN SUCCESSES AND FAILURES IN GEORGIA * D. LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT THE APPLICATION OF HYBRID WAR * 1. Diplomatic * 2. Propaganda * 3. Cyber * 4. Leadership * E. INTERNATIONAL RESPONSE TO RUSSIA'S ACTIONS * F. BROADER GEO-POLITICAL CONTEXT: WHY CHOOSE HYBRID STRATEGY * G. CONCLUSION: IMPLICATIONS FOR RUSSIA AND UKRAINE TODAY * CHAPTER V - THE 2014 RUSSIAN-UKRAINIAN CONFLICT * A. RUSSIAN AND UKRAINIAN POLITICAL BACKGROUND * B. EVENTS LEADING TO ANNEXATION OF CRIMEA AND WAR IN THE DONBAS * C. ASSESSING RUSSIAN SUCCESSES AND FAILURES IN UKRAINE * D. LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT THE APPLICATION OF HYBRID WAR * 1. Diplomatic * 2. International Law Interpretations * 3. Propaganda * 4. Use of Economy * 5. Local Support * E. INTERNATIONAL RESPONSE TO RUSSIA'S ACTIONS * F. BROADER GEO-POLITICAL CONTEXT: WHY CHOOSE HYBRID STRATEGY * G. CONCLUSION * CHAPTER VI - CONCLUSION
Author: U. S. Military Publisher: ISBN: 9781520928234 Category : Hybrid warfare Languages : en Pages : 154
Book Description
With the Russian annexation of Crimea in 2014, hybrid war became a buzzword within political and academic circles. This study examines hybrid warfare applications using contemporary and historical examples. The analysis seeks to determine why a country was or was not successful in its execution of hybrid war, and it assesses the geopolitical context of cost, benefit, and risk for an aggressor state contributing to its decision to engage in hybrid warfare. The case studies selected include the 1923 German Communist Revolution, Germany's 1938 annexation of Austria, the 2008 Russia-Georgia War, and the ongoing conflict in Ukraine. In each case study, a state went on the offensive, deliberately choosing hybrid tactics to obtain an objective. Ultimately, the study objective strives to deepen our understanding of hybrid war, and to extrapolate how one seemingly minor hybrid event can be tied into a broader goal of an aggressor state in its interactions with a defender state. The analysis of the case studies suggests that the length of the conflict, local support, consolidated leadership, and the power balance between the two states involved have contributed to the success of state-sponsored hybrid war.
Author: Ofer Fridman Publisher: Oxford University Press ISBN: 0190934956 Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
During the last decade, 'Hybrid Warfare' has become a novel yet controversial term in academic, political and professional military lexicons, intended to suggest some sort of mix between different military and non-military means and methods of confrontation. Enthusiastic discussion of the notion has been undermined by conceptual vagueness and political manipulation, particularly since the onset of the Ukrainian Crisis in early 2014, as ideas about Hybrid Warfare engulf Russia and the West, especially in the media. Western defense and political specialists analyzing Russian responses to the crisis have been quick to confirm that Hybrid Warfare is the Kremlin's main strategy in the twenty-first century. But many respected Russian strategists and political observers contend that it is the West that has been waging Hybrid War, Gibridnaya Voyna, since the end of the Cold War. In this highly topical book, Ofer Fridman offers a clear delineation of the conceptual debates about Hybrid Warfare. What leads Russian experts to say that the West is conducting a Gibridnaya Voyna against Russia, and what do they mean by it? Why do Western observers claim that the Kremlin engages in Hybrid Warfare? And, beyond terminology, is this something genuinely new?
Author: Kent DeBenedictis Publisher: ISBN: 9780755640027 Category : Annexation (International law) Languages : en Pages : 288
Book Description
The Russian Federation's 2014 operation to annex Crimea from Ukraine sparked an intense wave of literature on the nature of Russia's modern warfare practices. Most commonly, Western academics, politicians, and military leaders alike have labelled Russia's actions in Crimea and its follow-on operations in Eastern Ukraine as a new form of "hybrid warfare." Despite these claims, the 2014 Crimean operation was more accurately the Russian Federation's modern application of historic Soviet political warfare practices--the overt and covert informational, political, and military tools used to influence the actions of foreign governments and foreign populations. They involved the use of active measures, including propaganda, disinformation, front organizations, and forged political processes, as well as Maskirovka, the military's elaborate deception schemes. Two of the most prominent examples of the Soviet government's application of these political warfare techniques were the Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia in 1968 (the "Prague Spring") and the earliest stages of the invasion of Afghanistan in 1979. An in-depth case study analysis of these historical Soviet conflicts and the Russian annexation of Crimea demonstrates that the operation, which inspired discussions about Russian "hybrid warfare," was more accurately the modern adaptation of these Soviet political warfare tools than it was the invention of a new type of warfare.
Author: Agnieszka Pikulicka-Wilczewska Publisher: E-IR Edited Collections ISBN: 9781910814147 Category : History Languages : en Pages : 276
Book Description
The dangerous turmoil provoked by the breakdown in Russo-Ukrainian relations in recent years has escalated into a crisis that now afflicts both European and global affairs. Few so far have looked at the crisis from the point of view of Russo-Ukrainian relations, a gap this edited collections seeks to address.
Author: Mason Clark Publisher: ISBN: Category : Hybrid warfare Languages : en Pages : 32
Book Description
America’s current strategy for responding to the Russian threat is based on a misunderstanding of the Russian approach to war and exposes the United States and its allies to a high risk of strategic defeats. The 2018 US National Defense Strategy gives primacy to deterring major conventional great power wars. Russia also seeks to avoid such wars even as it designs a different way of waging war to achieve its revisionist objectives. The US largely views this Russian approach, hybrid war, as a set of activities below the level of conventional conflict. But Russia includes significant conventional conflict in its conception and execution of hybrid war. If the US continues to focus on deterring the kind of war Russia does not intend to fight while underestimating the role military force can and must play in preventing Moscow from accomplishing its aims through hybrid war, then the US will likely suffer serious strategic defeats even as its defense strategy technically succeeds. The Kremlin is even now waging a hybrid war against the United States. The Kremlin assesses that hybrid wars already dominate 21st century conflict and will continue to do so. The Kremlin believes it must adapt to win this struggle, profoundly shaping Russian military development and assessments of the future of war. Russian hybrid wars include the use of significant conventional forces and conflict. The Russian military defines a “hybrid war” as a strategic-level effort to shape the governance and geostrategic orientation of a target state in which all actions, up to and including the use of conventional military forces in regional conflicts, are subordinate to an information campaign. The Russians define hybrid war precisely and coherently as a type of war, rather than a set of means to conduct state policy. The U.S discussion of hybrid war overly focuses on the means short of conventional forces and conflict that the Russians have most famously used. The Russian soldiers without insignia (“little green men”) who helped seize Crimea in 2014, and the proxies Russia uses in eastern Ukraine, are most often the focus of Western assessments about how to respond to Russian hybrid war. The Russian conception of hybrid war is much more expansive. It covers the entire “competition space,” including subversive, economic, information, and diplomatic means, as well as the use of military forces extending above the upper threshold of the “gray zone” concept that more accurately captures the Chinese approach to war.
Author: Sergio Caride Escribano Publisher: Independently Published ISBN: Category : History Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
The war in Ukraine is more than a conventional conflict between two military powers. This book discusses Russian unconventional operations in Ukraine, as well as Russian hybrid warfare, theorized by General Valery Gerasimov. It explores what happened behind the scenes as Russian and Ukrainian troops clashed in the greatest conflict of our time. Also, this book covers the Wagner Group and the history of Russian secret services since the times of soviet intelligence.
Author: Maria Snegovaya Publisher: ISBN: Category : Asymmetric warfare Languages : en Pages : 26
Book Description
Russia has been using an advanced form of hybrid warfare in Ukraine since early 2014 that relies heavily on an element of information warfare that the Russians call 'reflexive control.' Reflexive control causes a stronger adversary voluntarily to choose the actions most advantageous to Russian objectives by shaping the adversary's perceptions of the situation decisively. Moscow has used this technique skillfully to persuade the U.S. and its European allies to remain largely passive in the face of Russia's efforts to disrupt and dismantle Ukraine through military and non-military means. The West must become alert to the use of reflexive control techniques and find ways to counter them if it is to succeed in an era of hybrid war.
Author: Gage A. Adam
Author: Gage A. Adam
Author: U. S. Military
Author: U. S. Military
Author: Ofer Fridman
Author: Kent DeBenedictis
Author: Agnieszka Pikulicka-Wilczewska
Author: András Rácz
Author: Mason Clark
Author: Sergio Caride Escribano
Author: Maria Snegovaya