Etude comparative avant-après traitement portant sur 60 cas d'orthodontie PDF Download

Author: Jean-Luc Ménager
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : fr
Pages : 228

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Author: Jean-François Muir
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781904097174
Category : Artificial respiration
Languages : en
Pages : 320

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Author: John P. Fricker
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780646352343
Category : Dentition
Languages : en
Pages : 530

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Author: World Bank
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 0821385631
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 114

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This report provides the most comprehensive and rigorous analysis of Iraqi income and expenditure in several decades. The report makes extensive use of the Iraq Household Socio-Economic Survey, the first nationwide income and expenditure survey since 1988. IHSES data is complemented income and expenditure data from a wide range of other measures of living standards, allowing us to analyze living standards in a holistic way. The analysis presented here was performed with two main goals first, to inform the Government s Poverty Reduction Strategy; and second, to serve as a baseline for future assessments of changes in living standards and the identification of critical issues for deeper examination. Iraqi living standards have two unusual characteristics. First, they have fallen over the past generation. Second, they feature surprisingly little inequality. These characteristics are both rooted in Iraq s recent history of authoritarian government, war, military occupation, insurgency, and civil strife leading to infrastructure destruction and population displacement. There have been few opportunities for individuals to prosper from professional or entrepreneurial activities. Decades of neglected investment have resulted in deterioration of social services and economic infrastructure. Consequently, individuals have lacked capabilities to prosper and an investment climate conducive to prosperity. School enrollment and life expectancy have declined. Extremely low returns to education reflect the combination of poor educational quality and lack of employment opportunities. In terms of economic infrastructure, access to reliable electricity and water, and even access to paved roads are low, are further reflections of decades of neglect. While the upper end of the distribution has been pulled down by a lack of opportunities, the lower end has been supported by direct government provision of food. The Public Distribution System (PDS) provides 85 percent of food needs. While PDS has been useful as a safety net for the poor and the vulnerable, the system is expensive, inefficient, and fiscally risky. Indeed, PDS food rations account for a far greater share of public spending than does education or health. Going forward, Iraq faces two main challenges. First, although Iraq does not have to develop from scratch, it faces a formidable challenge in re-development. Second, a shift by the Government is required from direct provision of basic subsistence toward investment in human capacities. The Government can provide an enabling environment through investments in economic infrastructure and services to business and citizens, thus allowing the population to make productive use of education and their own labor. Both challenges are now being taken up by the Poverty Reduction Strategy, which articulates a detailed set of required actions and outlines priorities for government spending.

Author: Christine Parent
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 354030326X
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 475

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From environmental management to land planning and geo-marketing, the number of application domains that may greatly benefit from using data enriched with spatio-temporal features is expanding very rapidly. This book shows that a conceptual design approach for spatio-temporal databases is both feasible and easy to apprehend. While providing a firm basis through extensive discussion of traditional data modeling concepts, the major focus of the book is on modeling spatial and temporal information.

Author: Alberta. Alberta Learning
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Author: Raymond LeBlanc
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Experiential learning
Languages : en
Pages : 132

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The Study examined policies, programs, and activities in Core French; pooled ideas, experience and research on the planning, organization, curriculum development, teaching approaches, teacher education, and professional development; and identified ways and means to substantially strengthen Core French. This document includes a short review of the justification for the syllabuses, and the results obtained by the syllabus task force. It also raises questions relating to integration, evaluation, and professional development.

Author: Michael D. Coyne
Publisher: Prentice Hall
ISBN:
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 292

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Book Description
This popular book examines the teaching, instruction, and curricula required to meet the needs of diverse learners, who by virtue of their experiential, cultural, and socioeconomic backgrounds, challenge traditional curriculum and instructional programs. The updated book provides a summary of the characteristics of students with diverse learning and curricular needs and a critical examination of current issues in education. Based on these analyses, recommendations for teaching reading, comprehension, writing, mathematics, science, social studies, and also teaching English language learners are given to ensure that diverse learners succeed in the classroom. FEATURES: Includes new "application and reflection" sections in each chapter that provide applied case studies, application activities, and questions for discussion and reflection-This new feature allows students to apply the six principles of effective instruction to real life situations, with the goal of facilitating the translation of research to practice. Includes a new chapter on teaching reading comprehension-With the addition of this new chapter, the book now better covers the complexities of teaching reading with chapters on both teaching code-based elements of reading such as phonemic awareness, alphabetic understanding, and fluency as well as teaching meaning-based elements of reading such as comprehension strategies. Provides recommendations for determining the critical curricular and instructional priorities for teaching students with diverse learning needs, who are typically behind their school-age peers in academic performace and content coverage. Concrete examples of how key concepts in reading, writing, mathematics, science, and social studies are taught, integrated, and supported-Examples are provided across grade levels, from the elementary grades through high school. Guidelines for developing, selecting, and modifying curricula to meet the needs of diverse learners into each chapter.