Implant cochléaire et problèmes éthiques PDF Download

Author: Jean Dagron
Publisher:
ISBN: 9782910014025
Category :
Languages : fr
Pages : 35

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Author: Jean Giot
Publisher: Presses universitaires de Namur
ISBN: 2870375301
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : fr
Pages : 94

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Book Description
Les auteurs, au travail depuis deux ans sur les thématiques de ce volume, représentent un groupe de personnes d'horizons épistémiques et institutionnels différents, désireux d'organiser une réflexion sur quelques questions éthiques posées par l'implantation d'électrodes dans la cochlée des jeunes enfants sourds. À certains d'entre eux, concernés en tant que parents, le monde expert de la surdité précoce et de la rééducation est familier. Pour chacun d'entre eux, le champ professionnel propre de ses réflexions (linguistique, anthropologie, pédiatrie, neurologie, psychanalyse) est interpellé par l'énoncé de quelques évidences ininterrogées, passant pour justifier la généralisation de cette pratique. Exemple: les Sourds sont malades, donc à soigner par des médecins ; entendre, c'est discriminer des décibels ; parler, c'est articuler des sons ; l'audiophonologie est la "science" dont le savoir fait autorité pour la "prise en charge" des enfants sourds. Un triple souci commun a mené à la tenue d'une journée d'étude, qui a suscité les écrits ici présentés. D'abord, tenter de porter au jour des présupposés théoriques questionnables, des confusions et des amalgames du discours dominant. Ensuite, mettre en perspective la logique d'accueil actuelle des enfants sourds avec le contexte idéologique général de notre société. Enfin, laisser advenir un autre discours, ancré dans le réel, porteur de solutions différentes à l'épreuve de surdité, qui est épreuve de rencontre. En cela, la réflexion proposée ici intéresse largement tous ceux que la condition humaine interroge. Chacun des textes qu'on lira ici fournit un éclairage fonction de l'expérience et des compétences professionnelles des auteurs, plus ou moins proches par ces deux voies, du sujet de l'implant. Un médecin directeur d'un centre de rééducation des troubles de l'audition, de la parole et du langage (Dr. C.Ligny, Centre Comprendre et Parler, Bruxelles), un médecin responsable de l'Unité d'accueil et de soins en langue des Signes d'un hôpital (Dr. B.Drion, Groupe hospitalier de l'Institut catholique de Lille), un médecin ORL phoniatre, secrétaire général du Comité français d'Audiophonologie (Dr. J.Leman), une psychanalyste (Y.Thoua), deux linguistes (J.Giot et L.Meurant, Université de Namur), un philosophe (D.Folscheid, Université de Marne-la-Vallée). L'une des participantes à la journée d'étude (F.Vermeylen, philosophe et thérapeute, Bruxelles) a joint ses réflexions sur l'ensemble des textes.

Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 35

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Author: Laurence Meurant
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter
ISBN: 1614511470
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 326

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The uses and practices of sign languages are strongly related to scientific research on sign languages and vice versa. Conversely, sign linguistics cannot be separated from Deaf community practices, including practices in education and interpretation. Therefore, the current volume brings together work on sign language interpreting, the use of spoken and sign language with deaf children with cochlear implants and early language development in children exposed to both a spoken and sign language, and reports on recent research on aspects of sign language structure. It also includes papers addressing methodological issues in sign language research. The book presents papers by "more seasoned" researchers and "new kids on the block", as well as papers in which the two collaborate. The contributions will be of interest to all those interested in linguistics, sociolinguistics, cultural studies, interpreting and education. It will have particular relevance to those interested in sign linguistics, sociolinguistics of deaf communities, Deaf studies, Deaf culture, sign language interpretation, sign language teaching, and (spoken/signed) bilingualism. Given the scarcity of literature on "Deaf studies", the book will also appeal widely beyond the traditional academic milieu. As a result, it has relevance for those teaching and learning sign languages, for professional and student interpreters and for teachers of the deaf.

Author: Patrick Devlieger
Publisher: Maklu
ISBN: 9044134175
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 516

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The act of life is a lived experience, common and unique, that ties each of us to every other lived experience. The fact of disability does not alter this fundamental truth. In this edition of Rethinking Disability: World Perspectives in Culture and Society, we are presented with a system of thinking that considers the values of disability, as a resource, as a creative source of culture that moves disability out of the realm of victimized people and insurmountable barriers, and provides opportunities to use the experience of disability to enter into networks that recognize strengths of differing abilities. The authors within will intrigue you, will move you, will charm you, but always will challenge your notion of sameness and difference as they confront the construct and (de)construct of disability and ableism. They present compelling arguments for viewing disABILITY through the multiple lenses of disability culture. They explore themes and issues that transcend past and origins, time and place, nuances of genetics, to experiences of present and becoming, and towards the future and beyond mere human, yet always intrinsically connected to being human. This book is intended for all audiences who dare to confront difference and sameness within themselves and in connection with others; to inspire researchers who wish to explore, and examine disability across social, cultural and economic barriers. It is an invitation to push away the barriers, bring ableism inside to a place where the prosthesis is no longer the elephant in the room.

Author: Vinaya Manchaiah
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
ISBN: 1317246004
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 199

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Book Description
Hearing loss is a common chronic condition which is often poorly recognized but can have multiple negative impacts, not just on the lives of those directly affected, but also those living with them. People with impaired hearing may begin a long and uncertain journey involving a number of key stages, from emerging awareness and help-seeking, to diagnosis, adjustment, and self-evaluation. Based on a model of person-centered audiological rehabilitation, this book explains why it is important to understand both patients’ own experiences, and those of their communication partners, over time. It focuses particularly on the human dynamics of hearing loss, exploring the broader consequences of hearing loss for the individual, family members, and wider society. In particular the book: gives insight into the patients' and their communication partners’ experiences and perspectives through clear and telling first-hand narrative accounts; examines how people understand their own hearing loss, reflect on their experiences with hearing aids – both positive and negative – and evaluate treatment options; considers the changes needed to conversations in order to include all communication partners, whether with impaired hearing or not; and discusses consequences of hearing loss using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). With its explicit aim to increase awareness of the need to include the patient and close relatives in the process of rehabilitation, this new text makes an important contribution to further improve evidence-based practice in the field of audiological rehabilitation. An ideal text for audiology, ENT, and nursing students of all levels.

Author: Astrid Stuckelberger
Publisher: vdf Hochschulverlag AG
ISBN: 3728131954
Category : Aging
Languages : en
Pages : 330

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Book Description
The 21st century technological development is revolutionizing medicine and health care, bringing new hopes to human suffering by offering cures and treatments which were unthinkable a few decades ago. This is where anti-ageing medicine finds its niche. Anti-ageing medicine aims at slowing, arresting, and reversing phenomena associated with ageing by merging biotechnological innovation and engineered solutions. Ideally, by means of the newest medical technology, the "body machinery" should be kept fit and at peak performance all life long. Early detection of age-related dysfunction should thus be "fixed" at any age with interventions such as metabolic fine tuning, enhancement, regeneration, restoration or replacement of "body parts" (i.e. organs, skin, bone or muscle). It covers a vast array of domains: from cell therapy to pharmaceutical interventions, from bio-surgery to aesthetic surgery, from human enhancement to fortified food, from smart housing and robots to toxic-free environments. Anti-ageing medicine holds promises but also significant risks and safety issues which are addressesd in this book. It presents the latest scientific evidence on what works or does not work. It also provides public policy recommendations to ensure the protection of consumers and their rights while encouraging research and development. This book is intended for academics, health professionals, business persons, consumers and policy-makers interested in the latest evidence and ethical issues about anti-ageing medicine.

Author: Alain Nouailhat
Publisher: Wiley-ISTE
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 248

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"Part of this book adapted from "Introduction aux nanosciences et aux nanotechnologies" published in France by Hermes Science/Lavoisier in 2006."

Author: Elisabeth Hildt
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9400762534
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 317

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Book Description
Cognitive enhancement is the use of drugs, biotechnological strategies or other means by healthy individuals aiming at the improvement of cognitive functions such as vigilance, concentration or memory without any medical need. In particular, the use of pharmacological substances (caffeine, prescription drugs or illicit drugs) has received considerable attention during the last few years. Currently, however, little is known concerning the use of cognitive enhancers, their effects in healthy individuals and the place and function of cognitive enhancement in everyday life. The purpose of the book is to give an overview of the current research on cognitive enhancement and to provide in-depth insights into the interdisciplinary debate on cognitive enhancement.

Author: Reinhard Merkel
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3540464778
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 547

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Book Description
The wealth of insights into the brain’s functioning gained by neuroscience in recent years led to the development of new possibilities for intervening in the brain such as neurotransplantation, neural prostheses and brain stimulation techniques. Moreover, new and safer classes of psychopharmaceutical drugs lend themselves to neuroenhancement applications, i.e. they could be used to enhance cognitive capacities or emotional well-being without therapeutic need. This book offers extensive state-of-the-art accounts for these novel kinds of intervention, indicates future developments, and discusses the relevant philosophical, ethical and legal issues.