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Author: Shiferaw Gonfa Wakene Publisher: GRIN Verlag ISBN: 3346352935 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 66
Book Description
Master's Thesis from the year 2018 in the subject Economics - Foreign Trade Theory, Trade Policy, grade: Excellent, , course: Development Economics, language: English, abstract: This study is conducted to investigate Ethiopian exports efficiency by using a stochastic frontier analysis model with panel data to estimate if countries operated at the frontier with its major trading partners. Export efficiency is defined as the ratio of actual exports to the maximum possible volume. In addition, the study investigates the factors of export efficiency, focusing on Ethiopia’s exports to its major trading partners during the period 2006 to 2017. The arable land, gross domestic product and population of Ethiopia and of the trade partner’s countries, distance between Ethiopia and trade partners’ countries, gross capital formation, and geographical location of trade partner’s countries determines the export flows of Ethiopian export. As a result the estimated coefficient of determinants shows that population and gross domestic product have significantly and positively affect the Ethiopian export sector. The empirical results show that the volume of Ethiopian actual exports is far below the estimated efficient level, and that there is considerable room for increasing Ethiopia’s exports. The trend of agricultural export efficiency shows some improvement over the stated years while manufacturing sector shows decreases. Those findings imply that Ethiopia should search the redemption policy that enables the country to maximize the efficiency of the sector by using all possible potential.
Author: Shiferaw Gonfa Wakene Publisher: GRIN Verlag ISBN: 3346352935 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 66
Book Description
Master's Thesis from the year 2018 in the subject Economics - Foreign Trade Theory, Trade Policy, grade: Excellent, , course: Development Economics, language: English, abstract: This study is conducted to investigate Ethiopian exports efficiency by using a stochastic frontier analysis model with panel data to estimate if countries operated at the frontier with its major trading partners. Export efficiency is defined as the ratio of actual exports to the maximum possible volume. In addition, the study investigates the factors of export efficiency, focusing on Ethiopia’s exports to its major trading partners during the period 2006 to 2017. The arable land, gross domestic product and population of Ethiopia and of the trade partner’s countries, distance between Ethiopia and trade partners’ countries, gross capital formation, and geographical location of trade partner’s countries determines the export flows of Ethiopian export. As a result the estimated coefficient of determinants shows that population and gross domestic product have significantly and positively affect the Ethiopian export sector. The empirical results show that the volume of Ethiopian actual exports is far below the estimated efficient level, and that there is considerable room for increasing Ethiopia’s exports. The trend of agricultural export efficiency shows some improvement over the stated years while manufacturing sector shows decreases. Those findings imply that Ethiopia should search the redemption policy that enables the country to maximize the efficiency of the sector by using all possible potential.
Author: Tesfaye Fenta Publisher: GRIN Verlag ISBN: 3668418756 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 76
Book Description
Master's Thesis from the year 2016 in the subject Economics - Job market economics, grade: 1.0, , course: Development Economics, language: English, abstract: The study measures the level of technical efficiency and its determinants in Ethiopian garment factories. The study employs both Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) to compute the technical efficiency of Ethiopian garment factories and Tobit model to examine the determinant of technical inefficiency of the garment factories based on a data set of ninety four garment factories over the period of 2014-2015. The study used Akaike Information Criteria (AIC) to opt for the best function between Cobb-Douglas and Translog functions. The result reveals that Cobb-Douglas production functions better explains the production behavior of garment factories. The DEA estimation shows that the mean technical efficiency of garment factories was around to be 0.43 while such figure in SFA goes as high as 0.89 and the research indicated that export do not promote technical efficiency Ethiopian garment factories. The research indicated that DEA is more appropriate for small garment factors while SFA is more suitable to large and medium garment factories. The result from DEA model indicates that educational level of production manager, local fabric sourcing, collaboration with similar factories and membership status with Ethiopian textile and garment institute have positive contribution to efficiency. On the other hand wage rate of semi/unskilled labour, years of establishments, number of production line, educational level of the manager and size have a negative effect to efficiency. While the result from SFA indicates that wage rate of semi/unskilled, year of establishment, size and educational level of the manger have the positive contribution to technical efficiency. On the other hand owners citizenship and collaboration work with similar factories are a negative contribution to SFA technical efficiency. The research recommends that output can be increased by improving the technical efficiency of Ethiopian garment factories. To do so, for large and medium scale firms attention should be given to improve the wage rate of semi/unskilled labour, educational level of the managers and minimize collaboration with similar firms while educational level of the production manager, local fabric sourcing, collaboration with similar factories, and membership status of textile and garment institute should be improved for small firms.
Author: Matias Assefa Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
This paper examines the gap between Ethiopia's actual and potential exports and the extent to which country-specific social, political and institutional factors have impacted the export gap. A stochastic frontier analysis of gravity model of trade is applied to panel data that covered Ethiopia's 45 trading partners during 2001-2012. Empirical results demonstrate that Ethiopian exports are very distant from their frontier levels with significant influence of country-specific socio-political-institutional constraints. Thus, the paper stresses the need for Ethiopia to look beyond trade policy if it is to realise its full export potential. It appears particularly beneficial to eliminate internal constraints such as those related to the legal and institutional framework, bureaucracy, politics, macroeconomic policy, skills of personnel, and infrastructure.
Author: Subal C. Kumbhakar Publisher: Cambridge University Press ISBN: 1107717302 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 348
Book Description
Modern textbook presentations of production economics typically treat producers as successful optimizers. Conventional econometric practice has generally followed this paradigm, and least squares based regression techniques have been used to estimate production, cost, profit and other functions. In such a framework deviations from maximum output, from minimum cost and cost minimizing input demands, and from maximum profit and profit maximizing output supplies and input demands, are attributed exclusively to random statistical noise. However casual empiricism and the business press both make persuasive cases for the argument that, although producers may indeed attempt to optimize, they do not always succeed. This book develops econometric techniques for the estimation of production, cost and profit frontiers, and for the estimation of the technical and economic efficiency with which producers approach these frontiers. Since these frontiers envelop rather than intersect the data, and since the authors continue to maintain the traditional econometric belief in the presence of external forces contributing to random statistical noise, the work is titled Stochastic Frontier Analysis.
Author: Melaku Abegaz Publisher: ISBN: Category : Business enterprises Languages : en Pages : 184
Book Description
This dissertation studies the effects of foreign presence on the performance of domestic institutions and economic agents. We identify three types of foreign presence: international students, inward foreign investment, and exporting activities. The first chapter investigates the impacts of international students on the graduation performance of host universities and degree completions of native students. Using the Illinois Board of Higher Education (1996 - 2010) and California Postsecondary Education Commission (1982 - 2009) data on enrollment and graduation – disaggregated by universities, programs, and types of students – we follow a two-stage method to achieve our goal. In the first stage, we estimate university `premiums' on graduations, separately for master's and PhD degrees, and then in the second stage we examine how these premiums are affected by the graduation rates of international students. We allow for possible two-way causality in the second stage. The results reveal that, on average, one percentage point increase in the share of international master's degree and PhD recipients in the universities across Illinois increases master's and PhD graduation premiums by about 1 and 0.5 additional graduates, respectively. In California, one percentage point increase in the share of foreign degree recipients increases the master's graduation premiums by more than 0.3 graduates. Our estimates also suggest that international students generate positive externalities on the university graduation premiums among the native students. In the second chapter, we use proportional hazards and multinomial logit models to evaluate the role of spillovers from exporting and foreign-owned firms on the export market entry and exit of local firms. Our analysis is based on the firm-level Ethiopian manufacturing survey data for the period 1996 - 2010. The results show that the backward and forward spillovers from foreign-owned exporting firms improve the probability of domestic firms to start exporting. Besides, the foreign-owned firms serving domestic markets generate horizontal spillovers that increase the export survival rates of local firms. On the other hand, the presence of domestic exporting firms increases the exporting probability of local firms in upstream sectors and export survival rates in upstream and downstream sectors. Lastly, the third chapter examines the efficiency effects of spillovers on the local manufacturing enterprises in Ethiopia using two-stage estimations. First, we estimate technical efficiency of firms using the `true' fixed-effects stochastic frontier analysis. Afterwards, we adopt system GMM to examine how spillovers impact the performance of domestic firms. The results show that the presence of domestic exporting firms in the same sector increases the efficiency of local non-exporting firms with a higher absorptive capacity. As to foreign-owned firms, those serving local markets produce positive backward and forward spillovers improving the efficiency of local exporting firms while negatively impacting the non-exporting enterprises. Likewise, spillovers from foreign-owned exporting firms increase the efficiency of domestic exporting firms in upstream sectors at the expense of the non-exporters.
Author: Subal C. Kumbhakar Publisher: Cambridge University Press ISBN: 1316194493 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 375
Book Description
A Practitioner's Guide to Stochastic Frontier Analysis Using Stata provides practitioners in academia and industry with a step-by-step guide on how to conduct efficiency analysis using the stochastic frontier approach. The authors explain in detail how to estimate production, cost, and profit efficiency and introduce the basic theory of each model in an accessible way, using empirical examples that demonstrate the interpretation and application of models. This book also provides computer code, allowing users to apply the models in their own work, and incorporates the most recent stochastic frontier models developed in academic literature. Such recent developments include models of heteroscedasticity and exogenous determinants of inefficiency, scaling models, panel models with time-varying inefficiency, growth models, and panel models that separate firm effects and persistent and transient inefficiency. Immensely helpful to applied researchers, this book bridges the chasm between theory and practice, expanding the range of applications in which production frontier analysis may be implemented.
Author: Tsegay Kaleab Atsbaha Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 9811934320 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 233
Book Description
This book evaluates the efficiency and growth of the Ethiopian air transport sector through careful analysis. It provides essential research input for air transport industry practitioners in planning and resource management as well as for academics of advanced efficiency analysis who need to work and study in airports and the airline industry. The book analyzes the theoretical and practical implications of air transport growth determinants, airports' cost and production efficiency, including labor use efficiency by taking their respective determinant factors. The findings and policy implications of each research work provide important inputs for government policymakers and air transport planners to consider the causality of economic growth versus airlines growth and other determinants, to take lessons on the proper resource allocation in the application of airport cost and production efficiency, human capital, investment cost, price of capital, and labor inputs during the development and expansion of airports and airlines. This book is the first of its kind on the Ethiopian air transport industry and serves as a much-needed reference for the African air transport industry as well as other developing countries in terms of airport costs, production, labor use efficiency and airline growth perspectives.
Author: Timothy J. Coelli Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 9780387242651 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 376
Book Description
Softcover version of the second edition Hardcover. Incorporates a new author, Dr. Chris O'Donnell, who brings considerable expertise to the project in the area of performance measurement. Numerous topics are being added and more applications using real data, as well as exercises at the end of the chapters. Data sets, computer codes and software will be available for download from the web to accompany the volume.
Author: Rolf Fare Publisher: Cambridge University Press ISBN: 9780521420334 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 326
Book Description
This book presents a mathematical programming approach to the analysis of production frontiers and efficiency measurement. The authors construct a variety of production frontiers, and by measuring distances to them are able to develop a model of efficient producer behaviour and a taxonomy of possible types of departure from efficiency in various environments. Linear programming is used as an analytical and computational technique in order to accomplish this. The approach developed is then applied to modelling producer behaviour. By focusing on the empirical relevance of production frontiers and distances to them, and applying linear programming techniques to artificial data to illustrate the type of information they can generate, this book provides a unique study in applied production analysis. It will be of interest to scholars and students of economics and operations research, and analysts in business and government.
Author: Shiferaw Gonfa Wakene
Author: Shiferaw Gonfa Wakene
Author: Tesfaye Fenta
Author: Matias Assefa
Author: Askal Ayalew Ali
Author: Subal C. Kumbhakar
Author: Melaku Abegaz
Author: Subal C. Kumbhakar
Author: Tsegay Kaleab Atsbaha
Author: Timothy J. Coelli
Author: Rolf Fare