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Author: Awais Rauf Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 205
Book Description
Piles have been used since prehistoric times in areas with weak subsurface conditions either to reinforce existing ground, create new ground for habitation or trade, and support bridges and buildings. Originally piles were composed of timber and driven with drop hammers using very heavy ram weights. As technology improved so did the materials that piles are composed of as well as the equipment itself. Currently, piling is a multibillion dollar a year industry, thus the need to develop more accurate prediction methods can potentially represent a significant savings in cost, material, and man power. Multiple predictive methods have been developed to estimate developed pile capacity. These range from static theoretical formulae based on geotechnical investigation prior to pile driving even occurring using specific pile and hammer types to semi empirically based dynamic formulae used during actual driving operations to more recently developed computer modeling and signal matching programs which are calibrated with site condition during initial geotechnical investigations or test piling to full scale static load tests where piles are loaded to some predetermined value or failure condition. In this thesis, dynamic formulae are used to predict pile capacity from those installed by drop and diesel hammers and are compared to the results from pile load tests, which are taken as the true measure of developed bearing capacity. The dynamic formulae examined are the Engineering News Record (ENR), Gates, Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) modified Gates, Hiley, and Ontario Ministry of Transportation (MTO) modified Hiley formulae. Methods of investigation include calculating pile capacities from the formulae as they are, omitting the factors of safety, revising the formulae with averaged coefficients and conducting multi regression analysis to solve for one or two coefficients simultaneously and revising the dynamic formula to determine if more accurate bearing capacity predictions are possible. To objectively determine which formulae provide the most accurate bearing capacities, the predicted capacities will be compared to results obtained from static pile load tests and simple statistics on the resulting data set will be calculated including regression analysis, standard deviations, coefficients of variation, coefficients of determination, and correlation values.
Author: Awais Rauf Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 205
Book Description
Piles have been used since prehistoric times in areas with weak subsurface conditions either to reinforce existing ground, create new ground for habitation or trade, and support bridges and buildings. Originally piles were composed of timber and driven with drop hammers using very heavy ram weights. As technology improved so did the materials that piles are composed of as well as the equipment itself. Currently, piling is a multibillion dollar a year industry, thus the need to develop more accurate prediction methods can potentially represent a significant savings in cost, material, and man power. Multiple predictive methods have been developed to estimate developed pile capacity. These range from static theoretical formulae based on geotechnical investigation prior to pile driving even occurring using specific pile and hammer types to semi empirically based dynamic formulae used during actual driving operations to more recently developed computer modeling and signal matching programs which are calibrated with site condition during initial geotechnical investigations or test piling to full scale static load tests where piles are loaded to some predetermined value or failure condition. In this thesis, dynamic formulae are used to predict pile capacity from those installed by drop and diesel hammers and are compared to the results from pile load tests, which are taken as the true measure of developed bearing capacity. The dynamic formulae examined are the Engineering News Record (ENR), Gates, Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) modified Gates, Hiley, and Ontario Ministry of Transportation (MTO) modified Hiley formulae. Methods of investigation include calculating pile capacities from the formulae as they are, omitting the factors of safety, revising the formulae with averaged coefficients and conducting multi regression analysis to solve for one or two coefficients simultaneously and revising the dynamic formula to determine if more accurate bearing capacity predictions are possible. To objectively determine which formulae provide the most accurate bearing capacities, the predicted capacities will be compared to results obtained from static pile load tests and simple statistics on the resulting data set will be calculated including regression analysis, standard deviations, coefficients of variation, coefficients of determination, and correlation values.
Author: Rodrigo Salgado Publisher: Purdue University Press ISBN: 9781622602209 Category : Transportation Languages : en Pages : 36
Book Description
Driven piles are commonly used in foundation engineering. Pile driving formulae, which directly relate the pile set per blow to the capacity of the pile, are commonly used to decide whether an installed pile will have the designed capacity. However, existing formulae have been proposed based on empirical observations and have not been validated scientifically, so some might over-predict pile capacity, while others may be too conservative. In this report, a more advanced and realistic model developed at Purdue University for dynamic pile driving analysis was used to develop more accurate pile driving formulae. These formulae are derived for piles installed in typical soil profiles: a floating pile in sand, an end-bearing pile in sand, a floating pile in clay, an end-bearing pile in clay and a pile crossing a normally consolidated clay layer and resting on a dense sand layer. The proposed driving formulae are validated through well documented case histories of driven piles. Comparison of the predictions from the proposed formulae with the results from static load tests, dynamic load tests and conventional formulae show that they produce reasonably accurate predictions of pile capacity based on pile set observations.
Author: Rodrigo Salgado Publisher: ISBN: 9781622604791 Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Driven piles are commonly used in foundation engineering. The most accurate measurement of pile capacity is achieved from measurements made during static load tests. Static load tests, however, may be too expensive for certain projects. In these cases, indirect estimates of the pile capacity can be made through dynamic measurements. These estimates can be performed either through pile driving formulae or through analytical methods, such as the Case method.Pile driving formulae, which relate the pile set per blow to the capacity of the pile, are frequently used to determine whether the pile has achieved its design capacity. However, existing formulae have numerous shortcomings. These formulae are based on empirical observations and lack scientific validation. This report details the development of more accurate and reliable pile driving formulae developed from advanced one-dimensional FE simulations. These formulae are derived for piles installed in five typical soil profiles: a floating pile in sand, an end¿bearing pile in sand, a floating pile in clay, an end¿bearing pile in clay and a pile crossing a normally consolidated clay layer and resting on a dense sand layer. The proposed driving formulae are validated through well-documented case histories of full-scale instrumented driven piles. The proposed formulae are more accurate and reliable on average than other existing methods for the case histories considered in this study.This report also discusses the development of a pile driving control system, a fully integrated system developed by Purdue that can be used to collect, process, and analyze data to estimate the capacities of piles using the Case method and the pile driving formulae developed at Purdue.
Author: Robert Y. Liang Publisher: ISBN: Category : Piling (Civil engineering) Languages : en Pages : 244
Book Description
Driven piles are widely used as foundations to support buildings, bridges, and other structures. In 2007, AASHTO has adopted LRFD method for foundation design. The probability based LRFD approach affords the mathematical framework from which significant improvements on the design and quality control of driven piles can be achieved. In this research, reliability-based quality control criteria for driven piles are developed based on the framework of acceptance-sampling analysis for both static and dynamic test methods with the lognormal distribution characteristics. As a result, an optimum approach is suggested for the number of load tests and the required measured capacities for quality control of driven piles. Furthermore, this research has compiled a large database of pile set-up, from which the reliability-based approach of FORM is employed to develop separate resistance factors for the measured reference (initial) capacity and predicted set-up capacity. This report also provides a Bayesian theory based approach to allow for combining the information from the static pile capacity calculation and dynamic pile testing data to improve pile design process. Specifically, the results from dynamic pile tests can be utilized to reduce the uncertainties associated with static analysis methods of pile capacity by updating the corresponding resistance factors. This research has also developed one-dimensional wave equation based algorithm to interpret the High Strain Testing (HST) data for the estimation of the shaft and toe resistance of driven piles. The closed form solution is obtained for determining the Smith damping factor and the static soil resistance. Finally, a set of new wireless dynamic testing equipment (both hardware and software) is developed for more efficient dynamic pile testing.
Author: Man-Kie Wong Publisher: Open Dissertation Press ISBN: 9781361429747 Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
This dissertation, "A Study of Capacity Predictions for Driven Piles by Dynamic Pile Testing" by Man-kie, Wong, 黃文基, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: Abstract of thesis entitled A Study of Capacity Predictions for Driven Piles by Dynamic Pile Testing submitted by Wong Man Kie for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the University of Hong Kong October 2006 The ban on the use of diesel hammers for percussive piling works and the introduction of hydraulic hammers in Hong Kong in the mid-1990s have brought unsettling times for the local construction industry. In recent years it has not been unusual to find that the measured set and the temporary compression of piles at final set are beyond the range of the set table of the Hiley Formula. A lack of local expertise in using hydraulic hammers and the absence of an approved pile-driving criterion specifically for the use of this new tool are to blame. Some engineers have responded by imposing more stringent requirements on the pile capacity acceptance test than may be necessary, resulting in over-driven piles and associated damage. To resolve such problems, a pile-driving criterion that is practical and generally applicable to all types of piles is called for. Findings from extensive research overseas has established the general value of Dynamic Pile Testing in assessing pile capacity. Such testing involves the combined use of data collected by Pile Driving Analyzer (PDA) and the analytical tool known as Case Pile Wave Analysis Program (CAPWAP). In Hong Kong, there is considerable scope for the wider use of Dynamic Pile Testing. This thesis reports the results of an in-depth study undertaken to confirm the suitability and potential benefits of such testing under local soil conditions. The test piles selected for this study are those typically used locally. A total of 420 Grade 55C steel H-piles driven by hydraulic hammers between 2002 and 2005 were selected from 22 different projects across the territory with different sub-soil conditions. Between 20m and 60m in length, the test piles are representative of the range commonly found in local construction projects. The results from static load tests were used in this study as a benchmark, and compared to the pile capacity predictions derived from several tools (PDA, CAPWAP, the Hiley Formula and the Modified Hiley Formula) with a view to recommending a reliable and practical method for assessing pile capacity. The study results demonstrated that the CAPWAP method can predict the Davisson limit load accurately. Despite the strong predictive power of CAPWAP analysis, we need for field control purposes a dynamic formula that is reliable and yet more practicable in terms of time and cost. The results of the study show that by calibrating the Hiley Formula with the efficiency of the hammer drop, E, and the coefficient of restitution of the hammer cushion, e, derived from CAPWAP analyses, pile capacity predictions can be made that are close to the CAPWAP predictions and the static load test results. To conclude, the present study has clearly established that PDA, CAPWAP and the "calibrated" Hiley Formula are effective tools for pile capacity assessment and quality control of piling works in Hong Kong. Cost-effective and practical, their combined use would contribute significantly to the overall quality and efficiency of pile driving, thus inducing greater confidence locally in Dynamic Pile Testing. DOI: 10.5353/th_b3710612 Subjects: Piling (Civil engineering) - Testing
Author: Dan A. Brown Publisher: Transportation Research Board ISBN: 0309143357 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 518
Book Description
TRB’s National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Synthesis 418: Developing Production Pile Driving Criteria from Test Pile Data provides information on the current practices used by state transportation agencies to develop pile driving criteria, with special attention paid to the use of test pile data in the process.
Author: Awais Rauf
Author: Awais Rauf
Author: Richard J. Fragaszy
Author: Rodrigo Salgado
Author: Rodrigo Salgado
Author: Robert Y. Liang
Author: Man-Kie Wong
Author: Richard J. Fragaszy
Author: 
Author: Dan A. Brown
Author: