Estimating Explosion and Tectonic Release Source Parameters of Underground Nuclear Explosions from Rayleigh and Love Wave Observations PDF Download
Are you looking for read ebook online? Search for your book and save it on your Kindle device, PC, phones or tablets. Download Estimating Explosion and Tectonic Release Source Parameters of Underground Nuclear Explosions from Rayleigh and Love Wave Observations PDF full book. Access full book title Estimating Explosion and Tectonic Release Source Parameters of Underground Nuclear Explosions from Rayleigh and Love Wave Observations by . Download full books in PDF and EPUB format.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 80
Book Description
The long period (approx 20s) Rayleigh and Love waves for 37 events at Shagan River and 47 events at NTS are inverted for source parameters using the best available information on propagation for each source receiver path and on excitation for each source region. At these periods, a three parameter source model is sufficient to describe the Rayleigh and Love wave amplitude and phase radiation patterns. However, the scatter in the source amplitudes dominates the radiation patterns of the surface waves, and additional station correction factors are necessary. These corrections are derived by simultaneously inverting many events from each test site for both the source parameters and station corrections. The inclusion of both Love and Rayleigh waves for events with a wide range of relative Love to Rayleigh wave excitation reduces possible bias in the station corrections. This feature is important because no events at either test site are free from tectonic release effects. The three source parameters do not constrain the size of the explosion source and further interpretation is necessary. At Shagan River, the tectonic release mechanism must include a substantial thrust-faulting component; at NTS, a strike slip fault model for the tectonic release is appropriate. With the thrust fault model, the Rayleigh waves from the typical (median event at Shagan River are reduced in amplitude by the effects of tectonic release by 0.3. The explosion moments of the largest events at Shagan River are slightly higher than the largest events analyzed from NTS.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 80
Book Description
The long period (approx 20s) Rayleigh and Love waves for 37 events at Shagan River and 47 events at NTS are inverted for source parameters using the best available information on propagation for each source receiver path and on excitation for each source region. At these periods, a three parameter source model is sufficient to describe the Rayleigh and Love wave amplitude and phase radiation patterns. However, the scatter in the source amplitudes dominates the radiation patterns of the surface waves, and additional station correction factors are necessary. These corrections are derived by simultaneously inverting many events from each test site for both the source parameters and station corrections. The inclusion of both Love and Rayleigh waves for events with a wide range of relative Love to Rayleigh wave excitation reduces possible bias in the station corrections. This feature is important because no events at either test site are free from tectonic release effects. The three source parameters do not constrain the size of the explosion source and further interpretation is necessary. At Shagan River, the tectonic release mechanism must include a substantial thrust-faulting component; at NTS, a strike slip fault model for the tectonic release is appropriate. With the thrust fault model, the Rayleigh waves from the typical (median event at Shagan River are reduced in amplitude by the effects of tectonic release by 0.3. The explosion moments of the largest events at Shagan River are slightly higher than the largest events analyzed from NTS.
Author: Goran Ekstrom Publisher: Birkhäuser ISBN: 3034883102 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 426
Book Description
Pure appl. geophys., by 161 nations. Entry of the treaty into force, however, is still uncertain since it requires ratification by all 44 nations that have some nuclear capability and, as of 15 June 2001, only 31 of those nations have done so. Although entry of the CTBT into force is still uncertain, seismologists and scientists in related fields, such as radionuclides, have proceeded with new research on issues relevant to monitoring compliance with it. Results of much of that research may be used by the International Monitoring System, headquartered in Vienna, and by several national centers and individual institutions, to monitor compliance with the CTBT. New issues associated with CTBT monitoring in the 21st century have presented scientists with many new challenges. They must be able to effectively monitor com pliance by several countries that have not previously been nuclear powers. Effective monitoring requires that we be able to detect and locate much smaller nuclear events than ever before and to distinguish them from small earthquakes and other types of explosions. We must have those capabilities in regions that are seismically active and geologically complex, and where seismic waves might not propagate efficiently.
Author: Ola Dahlman Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 1483165167 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 451
Book Description
Monitoring Underground Nuclear Explosions focuses on the checking of underground nuclear explosions, including the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTB), seismological stations, earthquake-source models, and seismicity. The publication first elaborates on test-ban negotiations, nuclear explosions, seismological background, and explosions and earthquakes as seismic sources. Concerns cover comparison between explosion-source and earthquake-source models, theoretical calculation of seismic waves, earth structure, seismicity, nuclear test activities, bomb designs, and disarmament treaties. The manuscript then tackles seismological stations, detection, event definition and location, depth estimation, and identification. Topics include multistation discriminants, statistical aspects, long-period and short-period signals, near distances, location by a network of stations, international data exchange, station detection capabilities, and station networks. The book examines the monitoring of a comprehensive test-ban treaty, nonseismological identification, evasion, peaceful nuclear explosions, and yield estimation. The text is a dependable reference for researchers interested in the monitoring of underground nuclear explosions.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Seismic surface-wave generation by underground nuclear explosions releasing tectonic strain is studied through a series of synthetic radiation-pattern calculations based on the earthquake-trigger model. From amplitude and phase radiation patterns for 20-s Rayleigh waves, inferences are made about effects on surface-wave magnitude, M/sub s/, and waveform character. The focus of this study is a comparison between two mechanisms of tectonic strain release: strike-slip motion on vertical faults and thrust motion on 45° dipping faults. The results of our calculations show that Rayleigh-wave amplitudes of the dip-slip model at F values between 0.75 and 1.5 are significantly lower than amplitudes of the strike-slip model or of the explosion source alone. This effect translates into M/sub s/ values about 0.5 units lower than M/sub s/ of the explosion alone. Waveform polarity reversals occur in two of four azimuthal quadrants for the strike-slip model and in all azimuths of the dip-slip-thrust model for F values above about 3. A cursory examination of waveforms from presumed explosions in eastern Kazakhstan suggests that releases of tectonic strain are accompanying the detonation of many of these explosions. Qualitatively, the observations seem to favor the dip-slip-thrust model, which, in the case of a few explosions, must have F values above 3.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Surface waves recorded on the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) digital network have been used to study five underground nuclear explosions detonated in Yucca Valley at the Nevada Test Site. The purpose of this study is to characterize the reduced displacement potential (RDP) at low frequencies and to test secondary source models of underground explosions. The observations consist of Rayleigh- and Love-wave amplitude and phase spectra in the frequency range 0.03 to 0.16 Hz. We have found that Rayleigh-wave spectral amplitudes are modeled well by a RDP with little or no overshoot for explosions detonated in alluvium and tuff. On the basis of comparisons between observed and predicted source phase, the spall closure source proposed by Viecelli does not appear to be a significant source of Rayleigh waves that reach the far field. We tested two other secondary source models, the strike-slip, tectonic strain release model proposed by Toksoez and Kehrer and the dip-slip thrust model of Masse. The surface-wave observations do not provide sufficient information to discriminate between these models at the low F-values (0.2 to 0.8) obtained for these explosions. In the case of the strike-slip model, the principal stress axes inferred from the fault slip angle and strike angle are in good agreement with the regional tectonic stress field for all but one explosion, Nessel. The results of the Nessel explosion suggest a mechanism other than tectonic strain release.
Author: Eystein S. Husebye Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 9401104190 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 843
Book Description
An international treaty banning the testing of any nuclear device in any environment - a comprehensive test ban treaty (CTBT) - has been on the political agenda for nearly 40 years. Objections to a CTBT have been political, technical, or a combination of both. However, the possibilities seem better after the end of the Cold War. In the prevailing, cooperative disarmament climate a CTBT appears likely to be approved by most countries in 1996. Hence the great current interest in monitoring technologies and capabilities. Such issues are comprehensively addressed here, a preamble being devoted to the political developments and setbacks over the past 40 years. Since seismic means are considered the dominant monitoring element, they are explored in detail. Contributions cover network deployments, advanced signal processing, wave propagation in heterogeneous media, and seismic source representations, and a variety of techniques for source classification (including neural networks). Complementary monitoring techniques, such as hydroacoustics, radionuclides and infrasound, are also summarised. The IAEA operation for monitoring compliance with the Non-Proliferation Treaty is also presented. The book also includes eyewitness accounts of the Soviet 50 Mt megabomb development and test, as well as the efforts made by the state to monitor the nuclear test programmes of the western powers. Includes some 33 articles written by distinguished scientists active in CTBT monitoring research for decades.
Author: Michael Joseph Howe Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
We investigate the physical basis for the mb-MS discriminant, which relies on differences between amplitudes of body waves and surface waves. We analyze observations for 71 well-recorded underground nuclear tests that were conducted between 1977-1989 at the Balapan test site near Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan in the former Soviet Union. We combine revised mb values and earlier long-period surface-wave results with a new source model, which allows the vertical and horizontal forces of the explosive source to be different. We introduce a scaling factor between vertical and horizontal forces in the explosion model, to reconcile differences between body wave and surface wave observations. We find that this parameter is well correlated with the scaled depth of burial for UNEs at this test site. We use the modified source model to estimate the scaled depth of burial for the 71 UNEs considered in this study.
Author: 
Author: 
Author: P. G. Richards
Author: Goran Ekstrom
Author: K. K. Nakanishi
Author: Ola Dahlman
Author: 
Author: Brian P. Cohee
Author: 
Author: Eystein S. Husebye
Author: Michael Joseph Howe