Author: Ki-Hong Park
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 238

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Author: Eddy Bekkers
Publisher: Rozenberg Publishers
ISBN: 905170903X
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 144

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Book Description
The thesis is organized as follows. Chapter 2 contains a survey of the three most in‡fluential models on fi…rm heterogeneity and of the most important empirical work on firrm heterogeneity. The chapter starts with a brief review of the homogeneous productivity imperfect competition literature. Chapter 2 …finishes with a comparison of the three most in‡fluential models of fi…rm heterogeneity and the oligopoly model put forward in the thesis. Chapter 3 addresses exporting uncertainty under heterogeneous popularity. Chapter 4 contains the chapter on …firm heterogeneity under oligopoly. Chapter 5 constitutes the models on …firm heterogeneity and endogenous quality. Chapter 6 points out the within-sector specialization model. Chapter 7 addresses the effect of importer characteristics on unit values and the role of markups and quality to explain this effect. Chapter 8 concludes.

Author: Anh Thuy Tu
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 262

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Book Description
This dissertation studies the relation between international trade and two issues that have become the active fields of economic research: the firms' quality decisions and the invasive species risk. On the quality choice, the dissertation focuses on the impact of Voluntary Import Expansions (VIEs) on firms' quality decisions. I model a vertically differentiated international duopoly, with one firm in each country. A domestic and an exporting firm choose the quality of their goods and then compete in the domestic market. Both quantity and price conjectures are considered. The paper investigates the case where the government of the exporting country imposes a VIE before firms' quality decision. I show that the VIE is a powerful protection to the exporting firm not only at the quantity or price competition stage but also when the impact of VIE on quality choice are taken into account. I also indicate the possibility that a VIE below the laissez faire solution binds. On the invasive species (IS) risk, the dissertation analyzes the linkage between protectionism and invasive species hazard in the context of two-way trade and multilateral trade liberalization, In a perfectly competitive two way trade model, I show that the multilateral trade integration is much more likely to increase the damage from invasive species than predicted by unilateral trade liberalization under the classical Heckscher-Ohlin-Samuelson framework. I also find that market structure does not affect the qualitative results. I illustrate the analytical results with a stylized model of the world wheat market. The dissertation also investigates the interface between tariff escalation and invasive species risk, with a focus on the agricultural and food-processing sectors. Tariff escalation in processed agro-forestry products exacerbates the risk of IS by biasing trade flows towards increased trade of primary commodity flows and against processed-product trade. I show that reductions of tariff escalation by reduction of the tariff on processed goods increase allocative efficiency and reduce the IS externality, a win-win situation. I also identify policy menus for trade reforms involving tariffs on both raw input and processed goods leading to win-win situations.

Author: Chi-Hung Liao
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781321211993
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

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Book Description
Product quality plays an important role in determining international trade flows. Its level is related to product unit value, characteristics of importing countries, and many other key variables in trade. In this dissertation, we study product quality and its role in various trade topics. In the first chapter, we study its role in price markup and how it is related to the importing countries' income. In the second chapter, we study multi-product firm's decision on exporting the top and the bottom qualities and the range of quality ladder facing different destination markets. In the last chapter, we study how a firm's offshoring decision is related to the quality of final product, the probabilities of making mistakes, the wage difference, and the size of the economy. We will describe each chapter in detail in the following paragraphs. We believe this dissertation complements current literature on product quality and tradein the areas of price markeup, multi-product firm behavior, and offshoring decision. In the first chapter, we begin by documenting the price discrimination practice based on destinations' per-capita income levels from the automobile industry. It is found that low-quality model manufacturers practice price discrimination while high-quality model manufacturers set price more uniformly across destinations. A highly tractable model was developed to capture these different practices of pricing strategies by including the distribution cost in the firm's decision. Each firm in the model simultaneously chooses quality and price to maximize its profits. The model predicts that highly productive firms not only produce higher quality products, but also price their products more uniformly across destinations. An extension of the model that features consumer income inequality predicts that products are sold at higher prices in countries with high income inequality. This result reconciles observations of high prices found in some developing countries such as China. Empirical results support the model's two key predictions: firms with higher productivity price their products more uniformly; and countries' income inequalities affect price positively.The second chapter is motivated by the stylized fact that not all vertically differentiated car models are sold sold in each country. Furthermore, the number of car models sold in each country appear to be systematically affected by destination market's conditions. To study this stylized fact of multi-product firm's decision on quality products, we use a model where firms simultaneously determine optimal prices and the range of quality products. It is found that the top and bottom qualities and the length of the quality ladder are affected systematically by various firm's and market's conditions. The empirical results using European car data from 1993-2011 supports the key predictions in the model.In the last chapter, we are interested in studying firm's offshoring decision and how it is related to product quality. In recent years, the highly intensified and diversified global offshoring activities have been accompanied by some onshoring activities led by large U.S. manufacturing companies. To address this stylized fact, we started with a value-chain offshoring model with product quality specification. Besides the wage difference between countries, the model assumes that each country has a probability of making mistakes. It is found that the range of tasks processed in offshoring destination is related to the probabilities of making mistakes, the wages, and the size of the economies. Increasing the quality of final product, however, does not change the range of products being offshored which implies an onshoring activity. Following the theoretical model, we use the trade data in China from 1998-2013 in the empirical model and confirm the key predictions in the theoretical model. This chapter contributes to current offshoring literature by addressing the product quality specification, the onshoring activities, and identifying the effect of making fewer mistakes on the range of products offshored.

Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Dissertations, Academic
Languages : en
Pages : 668

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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Dissertation abstracts
Languages : en
Pages : 776

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Book Description

Author: Franklin M. Fisher
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 1483271153
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 134

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Book Description
The Economic Theory of Price Indices: Two Essays on the Effects of Taste, Quality, and Technological Change is concerned with the effects of consumer taste, product quality, and technological change on price indices. Special attention is paid on technological change in the simple two-sector production model of Rybczynski and Uzawa. The effects of the general case of changing factor supplies and factor-augmenting change on the real national output deflator are also examined. Comprised of two essays, this book begins with an analysis of the pure theory of the true cost-of-living index, which may be considered as an idealization of indices like the consumer price index and others of that type. The essay explores how the true cost-of-living index is affected by changes in consumer taste, quality changes in purchased goods, and the introduction of new goods into the market place. The second essay deals with the pure theory of the national output deflator and provides a foundation for the measurement of real national output (or product). It shows that the usual inequalities relating Paasche and Laspeyres to the true index are reversed (from what they are in cost-of-living theory) for the case of production. It also assesses the implications of changing production possibilities caused by technological change or a change in factor supplies. This monograph will be a useful resource for mathematicians, economists, and others interested in economic theory and mathematical economics.

Author: Compiled by the British Library of Political and Economic Science
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1134340028
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 676

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Book Description
First published in 1952, the International Bibliography of the Social Sciences (anthropology, economics, political science, and sociology) is well established as a major bibliographic reference for students, researchers and librarians in the social sciences worldwide. Key features * Authority: Rigorous standards are applied to make the IBSS the most authoritative selective bibliography ever produced. Articles and books are selected on merit by some of the world's most expert librarians and academics. *Breadth: today the IBSS covers over 2000 journals - more than any other comparable resource. The latest monograph publications are also included. *International Coverage: the IBSS reviews scholarship published in over 30 languages, including publications from Eastern Europe and the developing world. *User friendly organization: all non-English titles are word sections. Extensive author, subject and place name indexes are provided in both English and French. Place your standing order now for the 2003 volumes of the the IBSS Anthropology: 2002 Vol.48 December 2003: 234x156: Hb: 0-415-32634-6: £195.00 Economics: 2002 Vol.51 December 2003: 234x156: Hb: 0-415-32635-4: £195.00 Political Science: 2002 Vol.51 December 2003: 234x156: Hb: 0-415-32636-2: £195.00 Sociology: 2002 Vol.52 December 2003: 234x156: Hb: 0-415-32637-0: £195.00

Author: Harold Hotelling
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461389054
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 187

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Book Description
In 1985 I first began my research on the life and work of Harold Hotel ling. That year, Harold Hotelling's widow had donated the collection of his private p:;tpers, correspondence and manuscripts to the Butler Library, Columbia University. This is a most appropriate place for them to reside, in that Hotelling's most productive period as an active researcher in eco nomics and statistics coincides with the years when he was Professor of Mathematical Economics at Columbia (1931-1946). The Hotelling Collection comprises some 13,000 separate items and contains numerous unpublished letters and manuscripts of great importance to historians of economics and statistics. In the course of the following year I was able, with the generous financial assistance of the Nuffield Foundation, the Economic and Social Research Council, the British Academy and the University of Durham, to spend six weeks over the Easter period working on the collection. I returned to New York in September 1986 while on sabbatical leave from the University of Durham, and I spent most of the following eight months examining the many documents in the collection. During that academic year I was grateful to Columbia University who gave me the title of Visiting Research Professor and gave me the freedom to work in their many well-stocked libraries.

Author: Andrea Ciani
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 1464815585
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 178

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Book Description
Economic and social progress requires a diverse ecosystem of firms that play complementary roles. Making It Big: Why Developing Countries Need More Large Firms constitutes one of the most up-to-date assessments of how large firms are created in low- and middle-income countries and their role in development. It argues that large firms advance a range of development objectives in ways that other firms do not: large firms are more likely to innovate, export, and offer training and are more likely to adopt international standards of quality, among other contributions. Their particularities are closely associated with productivity advantages and translate into improved outcomes not only for their owners but also for their workers and for smaller enterprises in their value chains. The challenge for economic development, however, is that production does not reach economic scale in low- and middle-income countries. Why are large firms scarcer in developing countries? Drawing on a rare set of data from public and private sources, as well as proprietary data from the International Finance Corporation and case studies, this book shows that large firms are often born large—or with the attributes of largeness. In other words, what is distinct about them is often in place from day one of their operations. To fill the “missing top†? of the firm-size distribution with additional large firms, governments should support the creation of such firms by opening markets to greater competition. In low-income countries, this objective can be achieved through simple policy reorientation, such as breaking oligopolies, removing unnecessary restrictions to international trade and investment, and establishing strong rules to prevent the abuse of market power. Governments should also strive to ensure that private actors have the skills, technology, intelligence, infrastructure, and finance they need to create large ventures. Additionally, they should actively work to spread the benefits from production at scale across the largest possible number of market participants. This book seeks to bring frontier thinking and evidence on the role and origins of large firms to a wide range of readers, including academics, development practitioners and policy makers.