Essays on the Horizontal (mis)alignment of Incentives and the Direction of Innovation Efforts PDF Download

Author: Michael Blomfield
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

View

Book Description

Author: Jane Yajie Wu
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0

View

Book Description
This dissertation consists of three essays studying the role of metrics in the process of innovation. Scientific and technical metrics are trusted as objective and consistent arbiters of knowledge, and as a result, are typically taken as given without much question. Yet at the same time, these metrics are chosen at a given point in time under imperfect information. The motivation of this work is to understand how such metrics influence the ideas production process, and ultimately, who benefits from innovative effort. In the first essay, I define and delineate the role of metrics in innovation from other forms of quantification in organizations. I synthesize prior work to develop a typology of mechanisms that metrics can involve, highlighting how metrics are used at different junctures in the innovation process. The second essay explores the impact of introducing a new metric on the rate and direction of innovation. I study the setting of US automotive safety, finding that the introduction of the side impact dummy as a metric reduced overall fatalities but also led to disproportionate benefits for occupants similar to the metric itself. Moreover, firms responded heterogeneously, suggesting that metrics can profoundly affect the innovation trajectories of firms. In the third essay, I analyze whether it is possible to move firms away from a metric that has become a key focusing device for R&D within an industry. I use a policy shock to estimate the effects of the "removal" of watts as a metric within the domestic vacuum cleaner industry. I find that rather than investing in new metrics, firms reduce their R&D in the focal area and shift efforts to adjacent, unregulated product areas.

Author: Mariana Mazzucato
Publisher: Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN: 1783484969
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 175

View

Book Description
The role of the state in modern capitalism has gone beyond fixing market failures. Those regions and countries that have succeeded in achieving “smart” innovation-led growth have benefited from long-term visionary “mission-oriented” policies—from putting a man on the moon to tackling societal challenges such as climate change and the wellbeing of an ageing population. This book collects the experience of different types of mission-oriented public institutions around the world, together with thought-provoking chapters from leading economists. As the global debate on deficits and debt levels continues to roar, the book offers a challenge to the conventional narrative—asking what kinds of visionary fiscal policies we need to help promote "smart” innovation-led, inclusive, and sustainable growth.

Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 64

View

Book Description
The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists is the premier public resource on scientific and technological developments that impact global security. Founded by Manhattan Project Scientists, the Bulletin's iconic "Doomsday Clock" stimulates solutions for a safer world.

Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Dissertations, Academic
Languages : en
Pages : 690

View

Book Description

Author: Clayton M. Christensen
Publisher: Harvard Business Review Press
ISBN: 1422197581
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 282

View

Book Description
Named one of 100 Leadership & Success Books to Read in a Lifetime by Amazon Editors An innovation classic. From Steve Jobs to Jeff Bezos, Clay Christensen’s work continues to underpin today’s most innovative leaders and organizations. The bestselling classic on disruptive innovation, by renowned author Clayton M. Christensen. His work is cited by the world’s best-known thought leaders, from Steve Jobs to Malcolm Gladwell. In this classic bestseller—one of the most influential business books of all time—innovation expert Clayton Christensen shows how even the most outstanding companies can do everything right—yet still lose market leadership. Christensen explains why most companies miss out on new waves of innovation. No matter the industry, he says, a successful company with established products will get pushed aside unless managers know how and when to abandon traditional business practices. Offering both successes and failures from leading companies as a guide, The Innovator’s Dilemma gives you a set of rules for capitalizing on the phenomenon of disruptive innovation. Sharp, cogent, and provocative—and consistently noted as one of the most valuable business ideas of all time—The Innovator’s Dilemma is the book no manager, leader, or entrepreneur should be without.

Author: Ajay Agrawal
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
ISBN: 0226833127
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 172

View

Book Description
A timely investigation of the potential economic effects, both realized and unrealized, of artificial intelligence within the United States healthcare system. In sweeping conversations about the impact of artificial intelligence on many sectors of the economy, healthcare has received relatively little attention. Yet it seems unlikely that an industry that represents nearly one-fifth of the economy could escape the efficiency and cost-driven disruptions of AI. The Economics of Artificial Intelligence: Health Care Challenges brings together contributions from health economists, physicians, philosophers, and scholars in law, public health, and machine learning to identify the primary barriers to entry of AI in the healthcare sector. Across original papers and in wide-ranging responses, the contributors analyze barriers of four types: incentives, management, data availability, and regulation. They also suggest that AI has the potential to improve outcomes and lower costs. Understanding both the benefits of and barriers to AI adoption is essential for designing policies that will affect the evolution of the healthcare system.

Author: Arkebe Oqubay
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0192590944
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 800

View

Book Description
Industrialization supported by industrial hubs has been widely associated with structural transformation and catch-up. But while the direct economic benefits of industrial hubs are significant, their value lies first and foremost in their contribution as incubators of industrialization, production and technological capability, and innovation. The Oxford Handbook of Industrial Hubs and Economic Development adopts an interdisciplinary approach to examine the conceptual underpinnings, review empirical evidence of regions and economies, and extract pertinent lessons for policy reasearchers and practitioners on the key drivers of success and failure for industrial hubs. This Handbook illustrates the diverse and complex nature of industrial hubs and shows how they promote industrialization, economic structural transformation, and technological catch-up. It explores the implications of emerging issues and trends such as environmental protection and sustainability, technological advancement, shifts in the global economy, and urbanization.

Author: OECD
Publisher: OECD Publishing
ISBN: 9264304606
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 258

View

Book Description
What is innovation and how should it be measured? Understanding the scale of innovation activities, the characteristics of innovative firms and the internal and systemic factors that can influence innovation is a prerequisite for the pursuit and analysis of policies aimed at fostering innovation.

Author: Luis Portales
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3030134563
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 207

View

Book Description
Social entrepreneurship and social innovation both seek to improve the world through social change. Whereas social entrepreneurship revolves around the business side of change, social innovation focuses on the processes through which that change is generated. This textbook provides a comprehensive analysis of both topics, covering all the characteristics and elements of social innovation and social entrepreneurship, from a conceptual and practical perspective. The book has four sections: 1) Basics and concepts of Social Innovation and Social Entrepreneurship; 2) Business models and generation of value in social enterprises; 3) Social innovation within traditional companies, and 4) Definition and alignment of the impact of social innovation and entrepreneurship. Students and any practitioners that want to know about social innovation or social entrepreneurship will be exposed to contemporary topics in the field as well as a variety of cases and tools for its development. With its learning objectives, reflective questions, the definition of key concepts, and exercises, this book is the definitive text for advanced undergraduate and graduate courses in social innovation and social entrepreneurship.