Author: Hye Mi YouPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 206
Book Description
Essays on the Economics of Human Capital
Author: Hye Mi YouPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 206
Book Description
Essays on the Economics of Human Capital and Health
Author: Chiara PastoreHuman Resource Economics and Public Policy
Author: Charles J. WhalenPublisher: W.E. Upjohn Institute
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 317
Book Description
This book honors Vernon Briggs's professional contributions. This book contains important discussions on issues of human resource economics, which is now often described as workforce development. This book offers much research information and policy analysis that can be used to develop what is needed for an active set of national human resource policies.
Essays on the Economics of Health and Human Capital
Author: Paloma Lopez de mesa MoyanoPublisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
Book Description
Essays on the Economics of Human Capital Accumulation
Author: Essays on the Economics of Human Capital Accumulation
Author: Lucia RizzicaEssays on the Economics of Human Capital
Author: Wei-Cheng Chen (Economist)Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Electronic dissertations
Languages : en
Pages : 108
Book Description
Chapter 1. "Growth in a Patrilocal Economy: Female Schooling, Household Savings, and China's One-Child Policy," joint with Ting-Wei Lai. In this chapter, we answer the following question: What are the economic consequences of China's One-Child policy? We develop a model of parental education decision to analyze how a population control policy affects saving and schooling in a patrilocal society, where sons are responsible to support parents, but daughters are not. Parent's investment on education depends on the degree of parental altruism and the need for old-age security. A tighter population control policy increases parental altruism and the rate of return on schooling, and shortens gender gap in education. There is also a dynamic incentive for daughter's education, since lower fertility promotes female labor market participation, and increases the value of female education. We then calibrate our model to the Chinese economy and show the extent to which the "One-Child" policy explains the rapid growth of household saving and female schooling. Chapter 2. "Limiting Applications in College Admissions and Evidence from Conflicting Examinations," joint with Yi-Cheng Kao. One of the most distinctive trends in global education over the past few decades is the rapid expansion of higher education. Moreover, since 2000, East Asia has had the fastest growth and the largest share of student enrollment in higher education. However, one might suspect that the overall quality of education has not improved as well. In this paper, my coauthor and I explore the micro-aspect of education as a joint product between a school and a student in order to understand how the quality of education evolves. In particular, for many Asian countries, entrance examination is the primary screening device for college admissions. We present a college admissions problem in which schools may gain from limiting students' application portfolios, and derive conditions under which a lower ranked school can attract better students by applying such strategy We argue that top schools in Taiwan have strategically used the date of entrance examination to limiting students' application, and nd supporting empirical evidence. The empirical results suggest that departments with prestige close to the top could improve their students' quality by setting the same examination dates as the best school. These findings are consistent with the predictions of our theory. Chapter 3. "Calming the Crazed or Fueling the Flames: A Noisy Screening Model of Lending Standards and Credit Cycle." This chapter discusses the difficulty of funding ideas. Why is credit pro-cyclical? More importantly, why does a credit boom-bust cycle happen? These empirical facts seem to contradict the theory of intertemporal consumption smoothing, and suggest that financial intermediaries play an important role. In this paper, I present a statistical model of bank lending standards, and analyze the conditions under which a credit boom-bust emerges. In this model, a bank needs to screen borrowers who hold private information. For each loan application, the bank receives a noisy signal about the quality of the project. A bank's funding policy is a decision rule conditional on the signal received. Because borrowers face application costs, their decision to participate is affected by the bank's funding policy. I show that the bank's optimal funding policy can be summarized by a lending standard, defined as the significance level of the bank's screening test while reviewing loan applications, which is to say, the probability a bad project will be funded. While bank lending standard is countercyclical, whether it stabilizes or amplifies shocks on fundamentals depends on borrowers' participation decisions. In particular, credit booms happen when banks lower lending standards to attract low-quality borrowers, and busts happen when banks tighten standards to exclude them. I also show that credit booms are likely to be triggered by TFP gains or cheaper capital, consistent with empirical findings.
Three Essays on the Economics of Human Capital Development
Author: Emma Louise GormanEssays in the Economics of Human Capital
Author: Rodrigo Azuero MeloPublisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 448
Book Description
This dissertation deals with two different aspects of human capital accumulation: early childhood development and tertiary education. Specifically, it analyzes the role that public policies or changes in regulations affect incentives of agents in a way that ends up affecting the aggregate endowment of human capital in an economy. The first chapter is related to early childhood development. Recent literature has shown that skills shaped during childhood have long lasting consequences later in life. This fact has promoted a large number of programs aimed at stimulating the skill formation process for children in disadvantage. However, little is known about how cost-effective are these policies. In this chapter I evaluate the cost-effectiveness of three alternative policies aimed at improving the living standards of families in disadvantage: cash transfers, childcare subsidies, and subsidies for child investments. I find that subsidies promoting child investments are much more productive than the other two alternatives. In the second chapter, co-authored with David Zarruk, we analyze the consequences that subsidized loans for higher education have on the quality of education offered by colleges in the context of a developing country. We find that subsidized student loan policies lead to a widening gap in the quality of services provided by higher education institutions. This happens because the demand for elite institutions unambiguously increases when individuals can borrow. This does not happen in non-elite institutions, since relaxing borrowing constraints makes some individuals move from non-elite to elite institutions. The higher increase in demand for elite institutions allows them to increase prices and investment per student. If investment and average student ability are complementary inputs in the quality production function, elite universities also increase their acceptance cut-offs. In this new equilibrium, the differentiation of the product offered by colleges increases, where elite universities provide higher quality education to high-ability students and non-elite universities offer lower quality to less-able students. We calibrate the model to Colombia, which implemented massive student loan policies during the last decade and experienced an increase in the gap of quality of education provided by elite and non-elite universities. We show that the increase in the quality gap can be a by-product of the subsidized loan policies. Such results show that, when analyzed in a general equilibrium setting, subsidized loan policies can have negative effects in equilibrium.
Essays on the Economics of Education and Human Capital
Author: Chester William PolsonPublisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 314
Book Description
This dissertation examines several facets of the current educational landscape in the United States and the impacts these characteristics have on individual outcomes. The first chapter examines high stakes exit exams, which are pervasive in the American education system and have the ability to impact students far beyond their earned scores. This chapter considers how exit exams in Texas impact student behavior and human capital formation before the end of high school. Employing a regression discontinuity framework, I examine the impact of failing the exam the first time it is administered for students within a small window of scores around the passing threshold. Considering behavioral responses to the administration of the Texas Assessment of Knowledge and Skills (TAKS), I study the impact on students' courses taken, attendance, and a set of disciplinary actions after the exam in the final year of high school. I find that, in line with a model of motivation with heterogeneous effects, students who fail do respond through an increase in the number of courses taken in their senior year, and find a smaller increase in disciplinary infractions. I then consider heterogeneity among student subgroups to discern whether the TAKS exam has differential impacts across different portions of the high school population in Texas. The second chapter quantifies the extent to which test scores and demographic variables account for the differing high school graduation rates between minority and white students in Texas. There are persistent, well documented gaps in both achievement on standardized tests and high school diploma receipt between minority students and their white peers. I employ a set of linear probability models to estimate the graduation gap for students who were eighth graders in Texas from 2003-2009 and examine specific sub-populations to try to disentangle some of the factors that could be contributing to these gaps. I find that student observable characteristics, especially test scores, can account for a substantial portion of this gap, which supports estimates in the previous literature. The third chapter of my dissertation examines how merit-based scholarships, instead of need-based financial aid, impact the decisions students make when enrolling in post-secondary education. Using the 2000 US Census data and American Community Survey data from 2001-2010, I evaluate the effect of merit scholarships in Tennessee on current college enrollment using difference-in-difference estimation. In contrast to the estimated effects of merit scholarships in Georgia, the Tennessee Education Lottery Scholarship does not seem to impact student behavior; estimates are mildly negative but not statistically different from zero considering the whole population of youth ages 16-26, traditional college enrollees ages 18-19, or older students aged 20-22. I argue these estimates are in line with many more recent findings examining merit scholarship programs. Finally, I employ a synthetic control method to compare these estimates with more traditional estimation strategies.