Author: Katja Ida Maria Gisler Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
The first chapter focuses on the relevance of covariances in the transmission mechanism of variance spillovers across the US stock, US bond and gold markets. For that purpose, we perform a comparative spillover analysis between a model that considers covariances and a model that considers only variances. Our results emphasise the importance of covariances in the transmission mechanism. Including covariances leads to an overall increase of the spillover level and detects the beginnings of the financial crisis and of the US debt-ceiling crisis earlier than the spillover measure that considers only variances. The second chapter evaluates the role of the United States as a source of important spillover information in forecasting realised volatility for a large cross-section of international equity markets. For this purpose, we extend the heterogeneous autoregressive (HAR) model of realised volatility of Corsi (2009) by including US equity volatility information. More precisely, we augment the standard HAR model by US realised volatility and VIX HAR components, and compare it to the original HAR model across 17 international equity markets. Our in-sample and out-of-sample findings show that the US equity market volatility information is statistically significant and sizeable economically across all equity markets that we consider. The last chapter introduces a new system-wide network-based risk factor into the empirical asset pricing literature and examines its pricing ability for carry trade returns in currency markets. I find that system-wide volatility connectedness risk carries a significant and negative risk premium. That is, I show that low interest rate currencies are positively related to system-wide volatility connectedness risk, while high interest rate currencies display a negative correlation. Low interest rate currencies thus serve as a hedge during unexpectedly high system-wide volatility connectedness episodes, typical.
Author: Tilahun Zergaw Ayanou Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 190
Book Description
The first essay explores the dynamic behaviors of mortgage-backed stock returns and their volatility spillovers within the framework of time-varying symmetric, asymmetric and multivariate GARCH-family models. The second essay investigates factors behind the existence of time-varying conditional volatilities of mortgage-backed securities (MBS). The third essay explores the impacts of foreign sector of the economy on the mortgage-backed financial markets and the housing sector.
Author: Niklas Humann Publisher: GRIN Verlag ISBN: 3346635767 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 26
Book Description
Essay from the year 2022 in the subject Business economics - Market research, grade: 1.3, University of Münster, language: English, abstract: The objective of this essay is to investigate the effects of Covid-19 on the volatility of individual asset markets as well as the correlation between those markets using the Dynamic Conditional Correlation GARCH methodology developed by Engle (2002). The investigated assets are the major world equity indices as well as oil, gold, and bitcoin. I have found significant volatility clustering over the entire spectrum of assets, as well as increases in the correlation between assets during the initial phase of the pandemic. Furthermore, gold and bitcoin are shown to exhibit relatively low correlations with the investigated equity markets and may hence act as important components of a robust portfolio during turbulent times. While no direct effect of Covid-19 related policy variables on the returns could be established for all assets, the results indicate that the response of financial markets was immediate and not dependent on the national exposure to the pandemic itself. Finally, all markets are shown to recover within a reasonably short time span.
Author: Md Fardous Alom Publisher: LAP Lambert Academic Publishing ISBN: 9783847349020 Category : Languages : en Pages : 152
Book Description
The skyrocketing prices of oil and food are matters of great concerns for consumers, producers, national and international bodies. This book adresses this aspect in five independent but related essays. The first two essays model the extent of volatility of oil and food price shocks. Third essay examines the cross country mean and volatility spillover effects of food prices while the fourth essay investigates the spillover effects of oil prices on the food prices of selected Asia and Pacific countries. Finally, the fifth essay assesses the economic impacts of oil and food prices in the context of selected Asia and Pacific countries. Overall, the findings show that both oil and food prices have persistence effets on the volatility while the evidence of asymmetry is mixed; there is considerable cross country mean and volatility spillover effects of food prices; oil prices positively spillover to food prices and the impacts of oil and food prices to macroeconomic variables are dependent on the economic characteristics of individual economies.
Author: Gang Xu Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
This thesis documents the research and findings in the following three related areas of financial econometrics: The first essay examines whether volatility contains information to predict the likelihood of a price jump during the next trading day. It is motivated by the theoretical model of Bansal & Shaliastovich (2008) who develop a long-run learning model, arguing that market volatility should be able to predict the likelihood of jumps. I use S&P 500 futures prices and extensions of the GARCH jump model of Maheu & McCurdy (2004) to relate jump probabilities to conditional volatility. Since volatility is a latent variable, which can be measured using different variables, I consider predictions based upon squared daily return, at-the-money implied volatility, model-free im- plied volatility and high-frequency realized volatility. I find evidence that volatility can predict jump likelihood and the best predictive variable is the model-free implied volatility: which is constructed using cross-section of option prices. Therefore, this thesis contributes to the current literature by documenting the information efficiency of option prices when predicting the future likelihood of jumps. In addition. I also develop a new approach based on Poisson regression which compares the jump intensity obtained from the GARCH jump model with the intraday jump numbers counted using the method of Andersen et al. (2007b). I find the two measures of jumps match fairly well with each other in the period from 1990 to 1997. However, any such relationship seems to disappear in the later period from 1998 to 2004. The second essay is motivated by the affine jump-diffusion model of Duffie et al. (2000), which allows jump intensity to be an affine function of state variables. I examine whether volatility can predict the intensity of price jumps in stochastic volatility jump models, estimated using Markov Chain Monte Carlo simulation. Comparing implied volatility with high-frequency realized volatility, I find allowing the jump intensity to be an affine function of model-free implied volatility yields the best model, based on either the Deviance Information Criterion or on diagnostic tests. Further comparison are made for candidate AR(l) process which specify the stochastic volatility. I find a jump model with the log variance an AR( 1) process performs better than a jump model with Ornstein-Uhlenbeck stochastic volatility. In a Monte Carlo simulation, I find the Deviance Information Criterion is a reliable criterion to differentiate between competing equity price dynamics when there are price jumps and volatility is stochastic. In addition to examining univariate equity return models, in the third essay I also develop a bivariate equity return model which simultaneously captures time-varying correlation and volatility spillovers in the international equity markets. This model is calibrated using the weekly equity index returns from the US. UK, Germany, India and Brazil stock markets and it is compared with simplier model specifications. I find evidence that supports time varying correlation between equity markets in both developed and developing economics. How- ever, the volatility spillovers mainly exist from US equity returns to equity returns in other economies. This thesis concludes with a short discussion of its limitations and future research directions.
Author: Junchuan Jesse Zeng Publisher: ISBN: Category : Electronic dissertations Languages : en Pages : 104
Book Description
This dissertation studies two major topics related to the crude oil price and the economy. The first topic studied is about the relationship between speculation and the crude oil price and the related implications on the macroeconomic growth and inflation. The second topic is about the relationship between the oil price volatility and the US stock market. It includes two subtopics: i) the volatility spillovers between the crude oil market and the US stock market and ii) the relationship between oil price volatility and real stock returns on the US market. This dissertation has four chapters, with each of the two major topics studied relatively independently in their respective chapters. In the first chapter, we introduce the background and motivation for the topics studied in this dissertation. Additionally, we also give an overview of the results and important findings. In the second chapter, we examine the impact of speculative information on the oil price and the corresponding implications on the macroeconomy. We use a structural vector autoregression (VAR) model to decompose the shocks of the crude oil price and use the gold price as a proxy for the speculative information. We argue that using the gold price to account for speculative information is a very informative alternative to the other indicators used in literature. Our results show that speculative information plays a very important role in driving crude oil price shocks; it accounts for about 20% of the variation of the oil price. Furthermore, we show that speculative shocks to the crude oil price are correlated to future macroeconomic downturns. We also show that speculative shocks may create inflation pressure, although the effect is not as strong as that on the macroeconomic output growth. In the third chapter, we use a generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (GARCH) specification to model the volatility on both the oil and stock markets and then utilize an extension of the GARCH-M (GARCH in mean) vector autoregression (VAR) model introduced in Elder (2004) to capture the volatility spillover relationship between the two markets and the relationship between the volatility of the oil price and stock returns at the same time. Further, we detect a structural change of the oil price-stock returns relationship near the middle of 1987. A unidirectional volatility spillover from the stock market to the oil market is found to be statistically significant before the break, while a negative relationship between oil price volatility and the conditional mean of stock returns is more pronounced afterwards. We argue that several events happening around the break point are likely to be the causes for the structural change. In the last chapter, we summarize the work and highlight the important results in this dissertation. In addition, we also discuss possible future research directions.
Author: Jorge Mario Uribe Gil Publisher: Ed. Universidad de Cantabria ISBN: 8417888756 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 212
Book Description
This book adds to the resolution of two problems in finance and economics: i) what is macro-financial uncertainty? : How to measure it? How is it different from risk? How important is it for the financial markets? And ii) what sort of asymmetries underlie financial risk and uncertainty propagation across the global financial markets? That is, how risk and uncertainty change according to factors such as market states or market participants. In Chapter 2, which is entitled “Momentum Uncertainties”, the relationship between macroeconomic uncertainty and the abnormal returns of a momentum trading strategy in the stock market is studies. We show that high levels of uncertainty in the economy impact negatively and significantly the returns of a portfolio of stocks that consist of buying past winners and selling past losers. High uncertainty reduces below zero the abnormal returns of momentum, extinguishes the Sharpe ratio of the momentum strategy, while increases the probability of momentum crashes both by increasing the skewness and the kurtosis of the momentum return distribution. Uncertainty acts as an economic regime that underlies abrupt changes over time of the returns generated by momentum strategies. In Chapter 3, “Measuring Uncertainty in the Stock Market”, a new index for measuring stock market uncertainty on a daily basis is proposed. The index considers the inherent differentiation between uncertainty and the common variations between the series. The second contribution of chapter 3 is to show how this financial uncertainty index can also serve as an indicator of macroeconomic uncertainty. Finally, the dynamic relationship between uncertainty and the series of consumption, interest rates, production and stock market prices, among others, is analized. In chapter 4: “Uncertainty, Systemic Shocks and the Global Banking Sector: Has the Crisis Modified their Relationship?” we explore the stability of systemic risk and uncertainty propagation among financial institutions in the global economy, and show that it has remained stable over the last decade. Additionally, a new simple tool for measuring the resilience of financial institutions to these systemic shocks is provided. We examine the characteristics and stability of systemic risk and uncertainty, in relation to the dynamics of the banking sector stock returns. This sort of evidence is supportive of past claims, made in the field of macroeconomics, which hold that during the global financial crisis the financial system may have faced stronger versions of traditional shocks rather than a new type of shock. In chapter 5, “Currency downside risk, liquidity, and financial stability”, downside risk propagation across global currency markets and the ways in which it is related to liquidity is analyzed. Two primary contributions to the literature follow. First, tail-spillovers between currencies in the global FX market are estimated. This index is easy to build and does not require intraday data, which constitutes an important advantage. Second, we show that turnover is related to risk spillovers in global currency markets. Chapter 6 is entitled “Spillovers from the United States to Latin American and G7 Stock Markets: A VAR-Quantile Analysis”. This chapter contributes to the studies of contagion, market integration and cross-border spillovers during both regular and crisis episodes by carrying out a multivariate quantile analysis. It focuses on Latin American stock markets, which have been characterized by a highly positive dynamic in recent decades, in terms of market capitalization and liquidity ratios, after a far-reaching process of market liberalization and reforms to pension funds across the continent during the 80s and 90s. We document smaller dependences between the LA markets and the US market than those between the US and the developed economies, especially in the highest and lowest quantiles.
Author: Stijn Claessens Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1475733143 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 461
Book Description
No sooner had the Asian crisis broken out in 1997 than the witch-hunt started. With great indignation every Asian economy pointed fingers. They were innocent bystanders. The fundamental reason for the crisis was this or that - most prominently contagion - but also the decline in exports of the new commodities (high-tech goods), the steep rise of the dollar, speculators, etc. The prominent question, of course, is whether contagion could really have been the key factor and, if so, what are the channels and mechanisms through which it operated in such a powerful manner. The question is obvious because until 1997, Asia's economies were generally believed to be immensely successful, stable and well managed. This question is of great importance not only in understanding just what happened, but also in shaping policies. In a world of pure contagion, i.e. when innocent bystanders are caught up and trampled by events not of their making and when consequences go far beyond ordinary international shocks, countries will need to look for better protective policies in the future. In such a world, the international financial system will need to change in order to offer better preventive and reactive policy measures to help avoid, or at least contain, financial crises.
Author: Katja Ida Maria Gisler
Author: Tilahun Zergaw Ayanou
Author: Niklas Humann
Author: Md Fardous Alom
Author: Lu Liu
Author: Gang Xu
Author: Junchuan Jesse Zeng
Author: Jorge Mario Uribe Gil 
Author: Stijn Claessens
Author: Barry J. Eichengreen