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Author: Rhiannon Angelica Catapano Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
People are more divided, and less open to opposing views, than they have been in years. For example, Democrats and Republicans are further apart ideologically than at any point in the past two decades (Pew Research Center 2017). People rarely engage with individuals from across the divide (Eagly, Kulesa, Chen, and Chaiken 2001); even when they do, it often does not lead to meaningful change. In my research, I am interested in how to bridge this divide by better understanding how people change their own minds and aim to change the minds of others. Specifically, I aim to understand advocacy and attitude change from a values perspective: How can we leverage individuals' important values in order to encourage attitude change and advocacy? Under what circumstances do these values lead to unintended consequences? A primary motivation for holding and expressing attitudes is their value-expressive function (Katz 1960). In other words, individuals derive satisfaction from expressing attitudes appropriate to their personal values and their self-concept. In my dissertation, I explore the consequences of this link between values and attitudes. In Essay 1 (Catapano, Tormala, & Rucker 2019, Psychological Science), I explore this relationship in a self-persuasion context. I find that, despite the common wisdom that perspective-taking improves intergroup relationships, when individuals try to take the other side's perspective in an argument generation context, they generate arguments that are incongruent with their own values. As a result, they are less receptive to the opposition, and show less attitude change. In Essay 2, I explore how values affect attitude sharing. I find that individuals view their attitudes as more value expressive when those attitudes are framed in terms of positions they support rather than positions they oppose. As a result, individuals are more likely to share their views when they think in terms of support rather than opposition--even when the two are logically equivalent (e.g. supporting "gun control is good" versus opposing "gun control is bad"). This effect is also driven by a perception that expressing an attitude in terms of what an individual supports leads to greater liking than expressing the same attitude in terms of what they oppose. Together, these essays enhance our understanding of values and the role they play in attitude expression and persuasion.
Author: Rhiannon Angelica Catapano Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
People are more divided, and less open to opposing views, than they have been in years. For example, Democrats and Republicans are further apart ideologically than at any point in the past two decades (Pew Research Center 2017). People rarely engage with individuals from across the divide (Eagly, Kulesa, Chen, and Chaiken 2001); even when they do, it often does not lead to meaningful change. In my research, I am interested in how to bridge this divide by better understanding how people change their own minds and aim to change the minds of others. Specifically, I aim to understand advocacy and attitude change from a values perspective: How can we leverage individuals' important values in order to encourage attitude change and advocacy? Under what circumstances do these values lead to unintended consequences? A primary motivation for holding and expressing attitudes is their value-expressive function (Katz 1960). In other words, individuals derive satisfaction from expressing attitudes appropriate to their personal values and their self-concept. In my dissertation, I explore the consequences of this link between values and attitudes. In Essay 1 (Catapano, Tormala, & Rucker 2019, Psychological Science), I explore this relationship in a self-persuasion context. I find that, despite the common wisdom that perspective-taking improves intergroup relationships, when individuals try to take the other side's perspective in an argument generation context, they generate arguments that are incongruent with their own values. As a result, they are less receptive to the opposition, and show less attitude change. In Essay 2, I explore how values affect attitude sharing. I find that individuals view their attitudes as more value expressive when those attitudes are framed in terms of positions they support rather than positions they oppose. As a result, individuals are more likely to share their views when they think in terms of support rather than opposition--even when the two are logically equivalent (e.g. supporting "gun control is good" versus opposing "gun control is bad"). This effect is also driven by a perception that expressing an attitude in terms of what an individual supports leads to greater liking than expressing the same attitude in terms of what they oppose. Together, these essays enhance our understanding of values and the role they play in attitude expression and persuasion.
Author: Shel Feldman Publisher: Academic Press ISBN: 1483272826 Category : Psychology Languages : en Pages : 327
Book Description
Cognitive Consistency: Motivational Antecedents and Behavioral presents the behavioral implications of the motivation for consistency. This book discusses the relationship between assumptions and motivation for consistency. Organized into nine chapters, this book begins with an overview of the area of study, empirical problems, and theoretical issues. This text then examines the nature of the motivation for consistency. Other chapters consider the effects of the formal aspects of cognitions. This book discusses as well the behavioral implications of consistency-seeking and the development of theories of cognitive consistency. The final chapter deals with the extent to which the motivation for consistency is based upon cognitive or social consideration. This book is a valuable resource for readers who are interested in attitude formation and change, in particular, and those interested in social psychology and communications, in general. Psychologists, communications specialists, researchers, and theorists working in the scope of the consistency theories will also find this book useful.
Author: Richard E. Petty Publisher: Psychology Press ISBN: 1317782364 Category : Psychology Languages : en Pages : 531
Book Description
Social psychologists have long recognized the possibility that attitudes might differ from one another in terms of their strength, but only recently had the profound implications of this view been explored. Yet because investigators in the area were pursuing interesting but independent programs of research exploring different aspects of strength, there was little articulation of assumptions underlying the work, and little effort to establish a common research agenda. The goals of this book are to highlight these assumptions, to review the discoveries this work has produced, and to suggest directions for future work in the area. The chapter authors include individuals who have made significant contributions to the published literature and represent a diversity of perspectives on the topic. In addition to providing an overview of the broad area of attitude strength, particular chapters deal in depth with specific features of attitudes related to strength and integrate the diverse bodies of relevant theory and empirical evidence. The book will be of interest to graduate students initiating work on attitudes as well as to longstanding scholars in the field. Because of the many potential directions for application of work on attitude strength to amelioration of social problems, the book will be valuable to scholars in various applied disciplines such as political science, marketing, sociology, public opinion, and others studying attitudinal phenomena.
Author: Fabian Bernhard Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand ISBN: 3844100490 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 190
Book Description
This book includes three essays covering the ownership perceptions individuals experience in family businesses. It advances current knowledge on the organizational factors anteceding individuals' psychological ownership as well as the attitudinal and behavioral consequences. Investigating overly strong psychological ownership, the first essay provides insights into the phenomenon of aging family business owner-managers who face difficulties in 'letting go', i. e. passing on leadership to their successor(s). The second essay offers a study of family business owner-managers' leadership styles and their influence on nonfamily employees' psychological ownership of the family business as well as individuals' motivation and performance. Given the special situation of nonfamily members working in family businesses, the third essay examines the effects of employees' and nonfamily managers' justice perceptions on both the ownership experience and commitment to the family business. The works presented in this book built a basis for several publications, such as articles in the Journal of Family Business Strategy and Group & Organization Management. Furthermore, they have been presented at various international conferences, have been nominated for a "most creative paper" award, and have contributed to the Academy of Management Best Paper Proceedings. The findings not only constitute valuable additions to current research in management and organizational psychology, but can also provide benefit for those interested in family businesses. Managers, owners, and consultants working in or for family businesses would likely gain from the practical implications.
Author: Tom Mould Publisher: Indiana University Press ISBN: 0253048052 Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 370
Book Description
Examining the popular myths and unseen realities of welfare, this study reveals the political power of folklore and the possibilities of storytelling. In 1976, Ronald Reagan hit the campaign trail with an extraordinary account of a woman committing massive welfare fraud. The story caught fire and a devastating symbol of the misuse government programs was born: the Welfare Queen. Overthrowing the Queen examines these legends of fraud and abuse while bringing to light personal stories of hardship and hope told by cashiers, bus drivers, and business owners; politicians and aid providers; and, most important, aid recipients themselves. Together these stories reveal how the seemingly innocent act of storytelling can create powerful stereotypes that shape public policy. They also showcase redemptive counter-narratives that offer hope for a more accurate and empathetic view of poverty in America today. Overthrowing the Queen tackles perceptions of welfare recipients while proposing new approaches to the study of oral narrative that extend far beyond the study of welfare, poverty, and social justice.
Author: Robin Martin Publisher: Psychology Press ISBN: 1135232768 Category : Psychology Languages : en Pages : 548
Book Description
Social groups form an important part of our daily lives. Within these groups pressures exist which encourage the individual to comply with the group’s viewpoint. This influence, which creates social conformity, is known as ‘majority influence’ and is the dominant process of social control. However, there also exists a ‘minority influence’, which emerges from a small subsection of the group and is a dynamic force for social change. Minority Influence and Innovation seeks to identify the conditions under which minority influence can prevail, to change established norms, stimulate original thinking and help us to see the world in new ways. With chapters written by a range of expert contributors, areas of discussion include: processes and theoretical issues the factors which affect majority and minority influence interactions between majority and minority group members This book offers a thorough evaluation of the most important current developments within this field and presents consideration of the issues that will be at the forefront of future research. As such it will be of interest to theorists and practitioners working in social psychology.
Author: Paul M. Collins, Jr. Publisher: Oxford University Press ISBN: 0190451696 Category : Law Languages : en Pages : 248
Book Description
The U.S. Supreme Court is a public policy battleground in which organized interests attempt to etch their economic, legal, and political preferences into law through the filing of amicus curiae ("friend of the court") briefs. In Friends of the Supreme Court: Interest Groups and Judicial Decision Making, Paul M. Collins, Jr. explores how organized interests influence the justices' decision making, including how the justices vote and whether they choose to author concurrences and dissents. Collins presents theories of judicial choice derived from disciplines as diverse as law, marketing, political science, and social psychology. This theoretically rich and empirically rigorous treatment of decision-making on the nation's highest court, which represents the most comprehensive examination ever undertaken of the influence of U.S. Supreme Court amicus briefs, provides clear evidence that interest groups play a significant role in shaping the justices' choices.
Author: Robert S. Wyer, Jr. Publisher: Psychology Press ISBN: 1135636184 Category : Psychology Languages : en Pages : 437
Book Description
Written by one of the foremost authorities in social cognition, Social Comprehension and Judgment examines how people process information encountered in their everyday lives. In the book, Dr. Wyer proposes a new theory about the way in which information acquired in everyday life is comprehended and represented in memory, and how it is later used as a basis for judgments and decisions. A major emphasis throughout is on the construction and use of narrative representations of knowledge and the way that visual images influence the comprehension of these narratives and the judgments based on them. The role of affective reactions in this cognitive activity is also discussed. Social Comprehension and Judgment is divided into three sections. Part I provides a conceptual overview by outlining the general theoretical framework focusing on assumptions about the storage and retrieval of information and reviews recent research on the impact of knowledge accessibility on judgments and decisions. Part II deals with the comprehension of information, and examines the role of these processes in impression formation, persuasion, and responses to humor. Part III describes the inferences that are based on information conveyed in social situations. This book is ideal for advanced students and researchers interested in the areas of social cognition or social information processing.
Author: Rhiannon Angelica Catapano
Author: Rhiannon Angelica Catapano
Author: Shel Feldman
Author: Richard E. Petty
Author: Fabian Bernhard
Author: National Institute of Education (U.S.)
Author: Tom Mould
Author: Robin Martin
Author: Paul M. Collins, Jr.
Author: 
Author: Robert S. Wyer, Jr.