Author: Yiwei Wang
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 242
Book Description
Adopted in 1975, Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) standards had profound influences on the automobile industry as well as fleet fuel economy in the United States. In my dissertation, I first looked into the historical impacts of CAFE standards in the automobile industry using vehicle attribute data. I found evidence that the increase in the stringency of CAFE standards can induce the innovation of fuel economy related technologies in the automobile industry. I further estimated the response rate of the induced innovation with respect to stringency increases in CAFE standards. Using these estimates, I predicted that automobile companies would be able to meet the high 2025 fuel economy target by making medium downsizing in cars and minor downsizing in light duty trucks. Such methods can also be applied in other industries that have performance based regulations. CAFE standards increased fleet fuel economy in the United States as it was designed to. However, a more fuel efficient fleet resulted in less gasoline tax revenue, which is the major source of road maintenance. This trend affected governments at both federal and state levels. With more stringent CAFE standards enforced by the Obama Administration, which seek to almost double vehicle fuel economy by 2025, the gasoline tax revenue would be further eroded. As major increases in the gasoline tax rate are not politically feasible in the United States, policy makers seek other methods, such as a vehicle mile traveled (VMT) tax, to maintain a more stable revenue flow. I estimated households' driving demand in response to driving cost changes using household survey data and estimated tax revenue under different tax scenarios. I showed that although a VMT tax can be more regressive than a gasoline tax, it provides more stable tax revenue without having to make major adjustments in tax rates when fleet fuel economy keeps increasing.
Essays on Regulation and Its Impact on Industry and Taxation
Author: Yiwei Wang
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 242
Book Description
Adopted in 1975, Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) standards had profound influences on the automobile industry as well as fleet fuel economy in the United States. In my dissertation, I first looked into the historical impacts of CAFE standards in the automobile industry using vehicle attribute data. I found evidence that the increase in the stringency of CAFE standards can induce the innovation of fuel economy related technologies in the automobile industry. I further estimated the response rate of the induced innovation with respect to stringency increases in CAFE standards. Using these estimates, I predicted that automobile companies would be able to meet the high 2025 fuel economy target by making medium downsizing in cars and minor downsizing in light duty trucks. Such methods can also be applied in other industries that have performance based regulations. CAFE standards increased fleet fuel economy in the United States as it was designed to. However, a more fuel efficient fleet resulted in less gasoline tax revenue, which is the major source of road maintenance. This trend affected governments at both federal and state levels. With more stringent CAFE standards enforced by the Obama Administration, which seek to almost double vehicle fuel economy by 2025, the gasoline tax revenue would be further eroded. As major increases in the gasoline tax rate are not politically feasible in the United States, policy makers seek other methods, such as a vehicle mile traveled (VMT) tax, to maintain a more stable revenue flow. I estimated households' driving demand in response to driving cost changes using household survey data and estimated tax revenue under different tax scenarios. I showed that although a VMT tax can be more regressive than a gasoline tax, it provides more stable tax revenue without having to make major adjustments in tax rates when fleet fuel economy keeps increasing.
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 242
Book Description
Adopted in 1975, Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) standards had profound influences on the automobile industry as well as fleet fuel economy in the United States. In my dissertation, I first looked into the historical impacts of CAFE standards in the automobile industry using vehicle attribute data. I found evidence that the increase in the stringency of CAFE standards can induce the innovation of fuel economy related technologies in the automobile industry. I further estimated the response rate of the induced innovation with respect to stringency increases in CAFE standards. Using these estimates, I predicted that automobile companies would be able to meet the high 2025 fuel economy target by making medium downsizing in cars and minor downsizing in light duty trucks. Such methods can also be applied in other industries that have performance based regulations. CAFE standards increased fleet fuel economy in the United States as it was designed to. However, a more fuel efficient fleet resulted in less gasoline tax revenue, which is the major source of road maintenance. This trend affected governments at both federal and state levels. With more stringent CAFE standards enforced by the Obama Administration, which seek to almost double vehicle fuel economy by 2025, the gasoline tax revenue would be further eroded. As major increases in the gasoline tax rate are not politically feasible in the United States, policy makers seek other methods, such as a vehicle mile traveled (VMT) tax, to maintain a more stable revenue flow. I estimated households' driving demand in response to driving cost changes using household survey data and estimated tax revenue under different tax scenarios. I showed that although a VMT tax can be more regressive than a gasoline tax, it provides more stable tax revenue without having to make major adjustments in tax rates when fleet fuel economy keeps increasing.
The Theory of Competitive Price
Author: George Joseph Stigler
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Competition
Languages : en
Pages : 216
Book Description
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Competition
Languages : en
Pages : 216
Book Description
Doing Business 2020
Author: World Bank
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 1464814414
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 241
Book Description
Seventeen in a series of annual reports comparing business regulation in 190 economies, Doing Business 2020 measures aspects of regulation affecting 10 areas of everyday business activity.
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 1464814414
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 241
Book Description
Seventeen in a series of annual reports comparing business regulation in 190 economies, Doing Business 2020 measures aspects of regulation affecting 10 areas of everyday business activity.
Essays in Honor of Edwin Mansfield
Author: Albert N. Link
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9780387250106
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 330
Book Description
Edwin Mansfield was a research pioneer into the economics of R and D and technological change. As appreciation and remembrance for his scholarly contributions, eminent scholars have contributed original papers for this edited volume. The authors have followed the "Mansfieldian” approach of emphasizing economic insight and intuition over mathematical rigor and as a result are very accessable. Essays in Honor of Edwin Mansfield has the potential to serve as a reader in all advanced undergraduate and graduate classes/seminars in the economics of R and D and technological change. This edited volume will be the definitive work in the field.
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9780387250106
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 330
Book Description
Edwin Mansfield was a research pioneer into the economics of R and D and technological change. As appreciation and remembrance for his scholarly contributions, eminent scholars have contributed original papers for this edited volume. The authors have followed the "Mansfieldian” approach of emphasizing economic insight and intuition over mathematical rigor and as a result are very accessable. Essays in Honor of Edwin Mansfield has the potential to serve as a reader in all advanced undergraduate and graduate classes/seminars in the economics of R and D and technological change. This edited volume will be the definitive work in the field.
Alexander Hamilton's Famous Report on Manufactures
Author: United States. Department of the Treasury
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Manufactures
Languages : en
Pages : 100
Book Description
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Manufactures
Languages : en
Pages : 100
Book Description
An Essay Concerning the Necessity of Equal Taxes and the Dangerous Consequences of the Encouragement Given to Usury Among Us of Late Years
Author: James Drake
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Great Britain
Languages : en
Pages : 32
Book Description
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Great Britain
Languages : en
Pages : 32
Book Description
OECD Reviews of Regulatory Reform Risk and Regulatory Policy Improving the Governance of Risk
Author: OECD
Publisher: OECD Publishing
ISBN: 9264082921
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 251
Book Description
This publication presents recent OECD papers on risk and regulatory policy. They offer measures for developing, or improving, coherent risk governance policies.
Publisher: OECD Publishing
ISBN: 9264082921
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 251
Book Description
This publication presents recent OECD papers on risk and regulatory policy. They offer measures for developing, or improving, coherent risk governance policies.
An Essay on Trade and Commerce: Containing Observations on Taxes, as They are Supposed to Affect the Price of Labour in Our Manufactories: Together with Some Reflections on ... Our Trade to America. To which is Added the Outlines ... of a Scheme for the Maintenance ... of the Poor, Etc. By the Author of Considerations on Taxes
An Essay on the Mercantile Theory of Wealth
Author: Gavin Young
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Balance of trade
Languages : en
Pages : 110
Book Description
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Balance of trade
Languages : en
Pages : 110
Book Description
Model Rules of Professional Conduct
Author: American Bar Association. House of Delegates
Publisher: American Bar Association
ISBN: 9781590318737
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 216
Book Description
The Model Rules of Professional Conduct provides an up-to-date resource for information on legal ethics. Federal, state and local courts in all jurisdictions look to the Rules for guidance in solving lawyer malpractice cases, disciplinary actions, disqualification issues, sanctions questions and much more. In this volume, black-letter Rules of Professional Conduct are followed by numbered Comments that explain each Rule's purpose and provide suggestions for its practical application. The Rules will help you identify proper conduct in a variety of given situations, review those instances where discretionary action is possible, and define the nature of the relationship between you and your clients, colleagues and the courts.
Publisher: American Bar Association
ISBN: 9781590318737
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 216
Book Description
The Model Rules of Professional Conduct provides an up-to-date resource for information on legal ethics. Federal, state and local courts in all jurisdictions look to the Rules for guidance in solving lawyer malpractice cases, disciplinary actions, disqualification issues, sanctions questions and much more. In this volume, black-letter Rules of Professional Conduct are followed by numbered Comments that explain each Rule's purpose and provide suggestions for its practical application. The Rules will help you identify proper conduct in a variety of given situations, review those instances where discretionary action is possible, and define the nature of the relationship between you and your clients, colleagues and the courts.