Author: Koshy MathaiPublisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 286
Book Description
Essays on Information Disclosure and the Environment
Author: Koshy MathaiThree Essays on Corporate Environmental Disclosures and Environmental Performance
Author: Hani TadrosPublisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 262
Book Description
The objective of this dissertation is to study the incentives of firms to disclose their environmental information and examine the reliability of the information disclosed. To achieve this objective, there is a need to first understand what constitutes environmental disclosures. The first essay, a review of prior disclosure studies, provides a classification of the different types of environmental disclosures and a synopsis about the motivation to disclose each type of information, the reliability and the relevance of the information disclosed to different stakeholders. The outcome of this research shows that many types of environmental information are relevant to the financial and non-financial stakeholders; however, there are still other types of information that needs to be researched to finally achieve a comprehensive framework of environmental disclosures. The second essay examines the association between environmental disclosures and firms’ environmental performances. The study provides a framework to explain the disclosure process demonstrating the effect of economic and legitimacy factors, environmental performance, and the media communicating these disclosures on the amount and type of information reported. The results suggest that environmental reporting is biased; where firms with higher levels of environmental performance disclose more voluntary information while firms with low-environmental performance tend to meet the mandatory disclosure requirements. There is little evidence to suggest that firms with low-environmental performances use their environmental disclosures to maintain the legitimacy of their environmental operations. The third essay examines the reliability of environmental performance indicators disclosed. The results suggest that the reporting of firms’ EPIs might be free of bias as the study finds no association between the information disclosed and firms’ environmental performance. In general, the dissertation provides assurances over the reliability of environmental information disclosed. There is no denial that firms are subject to pressures from non-financial stakeholders to justify the impact of their operations on the environment. This dissertation shows that firms attempt to use their environmental disclosures to mitigate the effects of these pressures; however, it also suggests that the need to legitimize their operations is not the main driver behind the reporting of environmental information.
Essays on Firms' Environmental Information Disclosure, Financial Performance and Behavior Change
Author: Ran ZhangPublisher:
ISBN: 9781109515534
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 214
Book Description
Essays on Asymmetric Information and Environmental Regulation Through Disclosure
Author: Jorge GarcíaPublisher: Goteborg University
ISBN:
Category : Disclosure of information
Languages : en
Pages : 142
Book Description
Truth Matters
Author: Zhengyan LiPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Air
Languages : en
Pages : 181
Book Description
Mandatory environmental information disclosure policy has proliferated in recent years. In this dissertation, I explore its impacts on individuals' environmental attitudes and behavioral intentions and its interaction with other forms of environmental regulations. This dissertation is comprised of three essays that revolve around the Toxics Release Inventory (TRI), a major environmental information disclosure program in the U.S., which discloses comprehensive information on the use of toxic chemicals and provides risk measures for various geographic units based on the disclosed information. Using survey data, the first essay examines the relationship between individuals' perception of environmental risk in their communities and their environmental attitudes and behavioral intentions for different racial groups. I find that perception of risk is strongly positively correlated with environmental concern and participatory intentions for all racial groups, especially for Whites and Blacks. But all racial groups' perception of risk deviates from the reality. If people possess the correct perception of risk, which is an attempted goal of information disclosure policy, the predicted concern and participatory intentions would increase significantly for Whites and Blacks, but less so for Hispanics. Through a survey experiment, the second essay directly evaluates the impacts of the provision of correct information about local environmental risk on individuals' attitudes and behavioral intentions. I find that people can correctly use the provided information to update their beliefs and attitudes based on how the new information compares with their prior knowledge, but the results also show that the provided information falls short of further changing behavioral intentions. The third essay studies the impacts of the TRI on the implementation of the Clean Air Act with differences-in-differences based approaches. I find that regulators significantly reduce the inspection and enforcement activities in the Clean Air Act on the group of facilities that disclose information in the TRI. Together, the three essays highlight the complexity of environmental information disclosure policy--it is potentially effective but with heterogenous impacts; it stimulates emotional and psychological responses but may fail to transform the responses to meaningful participation in the policymaking process; it could supplement the implementation of other environmental regulations but may also create loopholes for "green washing". The insights provided by this dissertation have important implications for the use and design of environmental information disclosure policy to maximize its promise and minimize its limitations to achieve effective, efficient, and equitable protection of the environment.
Three Essays on Corporate Disclosure and Information Externalities
Author: Yetaotao QiuPublisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
Book Description
This dissertation includes three essays on corporate disclosure and information externalities. In the first essay, I examine the disclosure behavior of rival firms identified by an Initial Public Offering (IPO) candidate during the IPO quiet period when the IPO candidate is restricted in its communication. I find that the tone of disclosures made by identified rivals becomes more positive during the quiet period, and reverses after the quiet period ends. The strategic disclosure behavior is mainly driven by identified rivals' concerns over product market competition. I also find that this behavior hurts the IPO candidate and benefits the identified rivals. In the second essay, I investigate the relations between IPO firms' peer choice and peer information environment. I find that IPO firms tend to select peer companies with a better information environment, and this effect is more pronounced for IPO firms with greater information uncertainties. I also find support that peer information environment is positively associated with upward offering price revision, post-offering analyst coverage, and negatively associated with the number of amendment filings. Overall, this essay shows that IPO firms can make use of the externalities of peer information to facilitate their initial public offerings. In the third essay, I switch my focus from intra-industry relations to supply chain relations. More specifically, I study the effects of layoff announcements by customers on the valuation and operating performance of their supply chain partners. I find that suppliers experience a negative stock price reaction around their major customers' layoff announcements. The negative price effect is exacerbated when industry rivals of layoff-announcing customers also suffer from negative intra-industry contagion effects. Moreover, these supply chain spillover effects are asymmetric, with only "bad news" layoff announcements causing significant value implications for suppliers, but not "good news" announcements. Supplier firms also reduce their investment in and sales dependence on layoff-announcing customers in subsequent years. Keywords: Disclosure; Product market competition; IPO quiet period; Identified rivals; Information externalities; Peer information environment; Corporate layoffs, Supply chain relations; Stock market return
Sharing is Caring
Author: Teagen M Nabity-GroverPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Electronic dissertations
Languages : en
Pages :
Book Description
Online self-disclosure has been studied in a variety of disciplines for more than two decades. Self-disclosure is any information about the self communicated to another person; it is generally decomposed into five dimensions: amount, depth or intimacy, honesty and accuracy, polarity, and intent. In this dissertation, we offer a new contextualization of self-disclosure to online settings. While our review of the literature suggests four dimensions are conceptually similar across contexts, the fifth - intent - is problematic. Intent refers to the willingness to share personal information. In the online context, intent items direct attention to whether one intends to post or is unaware they are posting certain information. In the offline context, unintentional or accidental disclosures occur mostly due to environmental (i.e. seeing a colleague in a locker room) or nonverbal (i.e. facial expressions) cues. However, online communication differs from offline communication in four ways: reduced nonverbal cues, asynchronicity, editability, and breadth of audience. The first three of these unique attributes imply online intent is fundamentally different from offline intent. To account for these differences, there is a need to contextualize self-disclosure to the online environment. We accomplish the contextualization of online self-disclosure through two essays. In essay one, we conduct a thorough review of the literature to evaluate the contextualization of the measures of online self-disclosure and identify areas for improving the construct's measurement. Based on the analysis, we propose four context-specific dimensions to supplant intent in the decomposition of online self-disclosure: willingness to participate, reciprocity, audience control, and conscientious use. In essay two, we develop an operational long- and short-form measure and subject it to rigorous validity testing; in doing so, we compare the new measure to two established instruments and examine its performance within a nomological model. We find support for two of the proposed dimensions and for a new structural definition of online self-disclosure involving two intermediate latent variables: message and behavior. This new structure could help improve the content validity of short, simple instruments that are frequently seen in the literature.
Essays on Disclosure, the Institutional Environment and the Cost of Capital
Author: Patricia Ruffing-StraubePublisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
Book Description
Three Essays on Information Disclosure
Author: Mohammad Erfan Danesh JafariPublisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
Book Description
My thesis consists of three chapters and each chapter studies a different aspect of how information is generated and diffused among different market participants. Chapter 1 and 2 study the impact of timing of 13(f) disclosures. Section 13(f) of SEC regulation requires any financial institution with \$100 million or more in assets to disclose its holdings on a quarterly basis within 45 days after the quarter end. Recently, the SEC was petitioned to shorten this 45-day period. In Chapter 1, I develop a model to examine the impacts of a shortened reporting period. Among other results, I demonstrate that a shorter reporting period results in more liquid markets albeit at the expense of reducing price informativeness. In chapter 2 we look at 14 years of form 13F filings between 1999 and 2012. We demonstrate that active institutions tend to file their holding disclosures with longer delays. We show that concerns about copycat investors do not cause the financial institutions to delay their filings; however, fears of presence of front-runners prompt the financial institutions to file their disclosures with longer delays. We also look at financial institutions' decision to delay around important corporate events for stocks in the institutions' portfolio and document that institutions delay their filings around these events possibly to hide their true voting powers. Chapter 3 studies the implications of SFAS No. 14 and SFAS No. 131, which require firms to disclose the existence of sales to individual customers representing more than 10\% of total firm revenues. We document that firms gain visibility by disclosing economic relationships with reputable trading partners. We find that supplier firms enjoy a boost in news coverage and a subsequent reduction in advertising expense when they disclose trading relationships with well-known customer firms. After relationship establishment, supplier firms are more likely to be held by the same institutional investor and covered by the same analyst following their customer firms. Our findings highlight the role of product-market network as an important channel through which small and young firms gain investor recognition and improve their operating environment.
Author: Qi Gao Fritz