Author: Merike Kuuk
Publisher:
ISBN: 9789949238941
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

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Book Description

Author: Merike Kukk
Publisher:
ISBN: 9789949238934
Category : Consumption (Economics)
Languages : en
Pages : 173

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Book Description

Author: Chunling Fu
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Asset allocation
Languages : en
Pages : 216

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Book Description
This thesis consists of three empirical essays that study two independent topics: income under-reporting and immigrants' portfolio allocations. The first essay forms Chapter 2 where we use data from the Survey of Financial Security and the Survey of Household Spending to estimate the incidence and extent of income underreporting in Canada. We find that roughly 20% to 40% of households underreport income by, on average, roughly $6,000 in 1999. In contrast to the existing literature, we show that self-employment status is a poor indicator of income under-reporting. We find that roughly 26% of non self-employed households under-report income, regardless of how self-employment status for households is determined. We profile income under-reporters and find that income underreporting is pervasive. We propose a simple ratio method of identifying income-under-reporting households for our second essay, Chapter 3. Our method is a straight-forward application of the Permanent Income Hypothesis; that is, households make consumption decisions based on their Expected lifetime income not their Reported lifetime income implying that consumption-to-income ratios should be higher for under-reporting households. We argue for using housing costs as the consumption measure in our approach. Our results confirm that households that under-report their income have mortgage-to-income ratios (MIR) or rent-to-income ratios (RIR) well in excess of those households that do not under-report. Using this finding, we propose using a Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve to determine the optimum cutoff threshold for MIR/RIR to detect under-reporters. Our third essay, Chapter 4, uses data from the 1999 and 2005 Survey of Financial Security to investigate the differences in portfolio allocations and values between immigrants and Canadian-born households. In general, we find that immigrants hold More real estate and less pension assets relative to Canadian-born households. Limited cohort analysis suggests that settled immigrants' portfolio allocations are similar to that of Canadian-born households in contrast to recent immigrants' portfolios. We also find evidence that the length of time living in Canada has a positive effect on ownership rate, share and value of both real estate and pension assets.

Author: Matias Felix Barenstein
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 374

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Author: Satyajit Dutt
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Author: Ms.Era Dabla-Norris
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN: 1513547437
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 39

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Book Description
This paper analyzes the extent of income inequality from a global perspective, its drivers, and what to do about it. The drivers of inequality vary widely amongst countries, with some common drivers being the skill premium associated with technical change and globalization, weakening protection for labor, and lack of financial inclusion in developing countries. We find that increasing the income share of the poor and the middle class actually increases growth while a rising income share of the top 20 percent results in lower growth—that is, when the rich get richer, benefits do not trickle down. This suggests that policies need to be country specific but should focus on raising the income share of the poor, and ensuring there is no hollowing out of the middle class. To tackle inequality, financial inclusion is imperative in emerging and developing countries while in advanced economies, policies should focus on raising human capital and skills and making tax systems more progressive.

Author: Firman Witoelar
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Essays
Languages : en
Pages : 410

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Author: Branko Milanovi?
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN:
Category : Equality
Languages : en
Pages : 35

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Book Description
"The paper presents a nontechnical summary of the current state of debate on the measurement and implications of global inequality (inequality between citizens of the world). It discusses the relationship between globalization and global inequality. And it shows why global inequality matters and proposes a scheme for global redistribution. "--World Bank web site.

Author: Jonathan Heathcote
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
ISBN: 1437934919
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 61

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Book Description
The authors conducted a systematic empirical study of cross-sectional inequality in the U.S., integrating data from various surveys. The authors follow the mapping suggested by the household budget constraint from individual wages to individual earnings, to household earnings, to disposable income, and, ultimately, to consumption and wealth. They document a continuous and sizable increase in wage inequality over the sample period. Changes in the distribution of hours worked sharpen the rise in earnings inequality before 1982, but mitigate its increase thereafter. Taxes and transfers compress the level of income inequality, especially at the bottom of the distribution, but have little effect on the overall trend. Charts and tables. This is a print-on-demand publication; it is not an original.

Author: Christopher D. Carroll
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
ISBN: 022612665X
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 517

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Book Description
Robust and reliable measures of consumer expenditures are essential for analyzing aggregate economic activity and for measuring differences in household circumstances. Many countries, including the United States, are embarking on ambitious projects to redesign surveys of consumer expenditures, with the goal of better capturing economic heterogeneity. This is an appropriate time to examine the way consumer expenditures are currently measured, and the challenges and opportunities that alternative approaches might present. Improving the Measurement of Consumer Expenditures begins with a comprehensive review of current methodologies for collecting consumer expenditure data. Subsequent chapters highlight the range of different objectives that expenditure surveys may satisfy, compare the data available from consumer expenditure surveys with that available from other sources, and describe how the United States’s current survey practices compare with those in other nations.