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Author: Michael A. Insler Publisher: ISBN: Category : Immigrants Languages : en Pages : 104
Book Description
"Health patterns are becoming an increasingly important topic of study in applied economics. Inevitable changes to major entitlement programs such as Social Security and Medicare will be shaped by forces such as the maturation of the 'Baby Boom' generation and new developments in healthcare. Crucial details of their dynamics remain open questions in the current literature. This dissertation aims to enhance our knowledge of health-affecting processes. The first chapter examines the impact of retirement on individuals' health. Declining health commonly compels individuals to retire, so a key challenge is to bypass the reverse causal effect. I employ an instrumental variables strategy where the instrument includes workers' reported probabilities of working past ages 62 and 65, taken from the first period in which they are observed. Results indicate that retirement benefits future health, and its influence is most potent for individuals starting with average health. Investigation into smoking and exercise suggests that retirement affects health through behavioral channels; with additional leisure time, many retirees invest in their health via good habits. The second chapter compares body mass index of immigrants in the U.S. to BMI of natives. Immigrants' BMI converges to natives' as their residency increases, and this effect persists after controlling for a large set of observable demographic and physical characteristics. The chapter also explores the root causes of this 'catch-up effect, ' determining that it occurs primarily due to changes in immigrants' nutrition--they adopt higher fat, higher sugar diets as their U.S. residency lengthens. Additionally, changes in immigrants' physical activity levels contribute to the weight gain of younger generations more than older ones. The third chapter investigates the influence of 'justification bias' on survey-based health data. Justification bias is an ex-post rationalization in which retirees exaggerate their poor health in order to provide a socially acceptable reason for not working. Such bias pervades empirical studies of how health drives retirement decisions, models of health insurance, and other applications. This chapter identifies the presence of justification bias in self-reported health and proposes a type of health measurement that is less susceptible to the bias"--Page v-vi.
Author: Michael A. Insler Publisher: ISBN: Category : Immigrants Languages : en Pages : 104
Book Description
"Health patterns are becoming an increasingly important topic of study in applied economics. Inevitable changes to major entitlement programs such as Social Security and Medicare will be shaped by forces such as the maturation of the 'Baby Boom' generation and new developments in healthcare. Crucial details of their dynamics remain open questions in the current literature. This dissertation aims to enhance our knowledge of health-affecting processes. The first chapter examines the impact of retirement on individuals' health. Declining health commonly compels individuals to retire, so a key challenge is to bypass the reverse causal effect. I employ an instrumental variables strategy where the instrument includes workers' reported probabilities of working past ages 62 and 65, taken from the first period in which they are observed. Results indicate that retirement benefits future health, and its influence is most potent for individuals starting with average health. Investigation into smoking and exercise suggests that retirement affects health through behavioral channels; with additional leisure time, many retirees invest in their health via good habits. The second chapter compares body mass index of immigrants in the U.S. to BMI of natives. Immigrants' BMI converges to natives' as their residency increases, and this effect persists after controlling for a large set of observable demographic and physical characteristics. The chapter also explores the root causes of this 'catch-up effect, ' determining that it occurs primarily due to changes in immigrants' nutrition--they adopt higher fat, higher sugar diets as their U.S. residency lengthens. Additionally, changes in immigrants' physical activity levels contribute to the weight gain of younger generations more than older ones. The third chapter investigates the influence of 'justification bias' on survey-based health data. Justification bias is an ex-post rationalization in which retirees exaggerate their poor health in order to provide a socially acceptable reason for not working. Such bias pervades empirical studies of how health drives retirement decisions, models of health insurance, and other applications. This chapter identifies the presence of justification bias in self-reported health and proposes a type of health measurement that is less susceptible to the bias"--Page v-vi.
Author: Brian Richardson Publisher: Ohio State University Press ISBN: 9780814208953 Category : Language Arts & Disciplines Languages : en Pages : 416
Book Description
This anthology brings together essential essays on major facets of narrative dynamics, that is, the means by which "narratives traverse their often unlikely routes from beginning to end." It includes the most widely cited and discussed essays on narrative beginnings, temporality, plot and emplotment, sequence and progression, closure, and frames. The text is designed as a basic reader for graduate courses in narrative and critical theory across disciplines including literature, drama and theatre, and film. Narrative Dynamics includes such classic exponents as E. M. Forster on story and plot; Vladimir Propp on the structure of the folktale; R. S. Crane on plot; Boris Tomashevsky on story, plot, and, motif; M. M. Bakhtin on the chronotope; and Gerard Genette on narrative time. Richardson highlights essential feminist essays by Nancy K. Miller on plot and plausibility, Rachel Blau Duplessis on closure, and Susan Winnett on narrative and desire. These are complimented by newer pieces by Susan Stanford Friedman on spatialization and Robyn Warhol on serial fiction. Other major contributions include Edward Said on beginnings, Hayden White on historical narrative, Peter Brooks on plot, Paul Ricoeur on time, D. A. Miller on closure, James Phelan on progression, and Jacques Derrida on the frame. Recent essays from the perspective of cultural studies, postmodernism, and artificial intelligence bring this collection right up to the present.
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309452961 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 583
Book Description
In the United States, some populations suffer from far greater disparities in health than others. Those disparities are caused not only by fundamental differences in health status across segments of the population, but also because of inequities in factors that impact health status, so-called determinants of health. Only part of an individual's health status depends on his or her behavior and choice; community-wide problems like poverty, unemployment, poor education, inadequate housing, poor public transportation, interpersonal violence, and decaying neighborhoods also contribute to health inequities, as well as the historic and ongoing interplay of structures, policies, and norms that shape lives. When these factors are not optimal in a community, it does not mean they are intractable: such inequities can be mitigated by social policies that can shape health in powerful ways. Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Equity seeks to delineate the causes of and the solutions to health inequities in the United States. This report focuses on what communities can do to promote health equity, what actions are needed by the many and varied stakeholders that are part of communities or support them, as well as the root causes and structural barriers that need to be overcome.
Author: William D. Marelich Publisher: SAGE ISBN: 9780761928218 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 372
Book Description
The 26 readings in this volume offer an integrative approach to understanding health psychology using social psychological principles.
Author: Gary Brant Morefield Publisher: ISBN: Category : Families Languages : en Pages : 141
Book Description
"This dissertation studies two dynamic processes, the production of human capital and evolution of health. The first essay uses data on parents and their children in the longitudinal Panel Study of Income Dynamics and PSID-Child Development Supplement to estimate the effect negative changes in parental health on the children's development of cognitive and non-cognitive skills. The analysis suggests that the onset of a parental health event, on average, does not affect children's cognitive measures and has small negative effects on the level of children's noncognitive skills. However, small average effects mask heterogeneous effects across: the sex of the parent, sex of the child, and the type of health condition. Parental health events are found to significantly impair noncognitive skill development when a father is afflicted with a health event, affect sons more negatively than daughters, and are worse for certain--vascular or cancerous--conditions. Further exploration shows that effects of parental health events on skill development are related to changes in the hypothesized mechanism, changes in skill investments. Specifically, when parental health events are estimated to create the poorest behavior outcomes, large reductions in one measure of skill investment, time that parents participate in activities with children, is also commonly found. The second essay (joint with David Ribar and Christopher Ruhm) uses longitudinal data from the 1984 through 2007 waves of the Panel Study of Income Dynamics to examine how occupational status is related to the health transitions of 30 to 59 year-old U.S. males. A recent history of blue-collar employment predicts a substantial increase in the probability of transitioning from very good into bad self-assessed health, relative to white-collar employment, but with no evidence of occupational differences in movements from bad to very good health. These findings are robust to a series of sensitivity analyses. The results suggest that blue-collar workers "wear out" faster with age because they are more likely, than their white-collar counterparts, to experience negative health shocks. This partly reflects differences in the physical demands of blue-collar and white-collar jobs. The third essay (joint with Jeremy Bray) uses the framework of Bray (2005) to develop a theoretical and accompanying empirical model examining how the productivities of the human capital inputs work and school are affected if individuals work while enrolled in school. Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997, we model the dynamic processes of work and school input decisions jointly with the effects of these decisions on future wages to discern whether work and school are contemporaneous complements or substitutes in the production of human capital. Endogeneity is corrected through the use of the Discrete Factor Method. The model shows that, on average, work and school are indeed complementary in the production of human capital. However, examination of in-school work at differing schooling levels or across different student occupations shows that certain types of work and school are complementary when simultaneously undertaken while others are substitutes in the production of human capital."--Abstract from author supplied metadata.
Author: National Research Council Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309212405 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 202
Book Description
In the United States, health care devices, technologies, and practices are rapidly moving into the home. The factors driving this migration include the costs of health care, the growing numbers of older adults, the increasing prevalence of chronic conditions and diseases and improved survival rates for people with those conditions and diseases, and a wide range of technological innovations. The health care that results varies considerably in its safety, effectiveness, and efficiency, as well as in its quality and cost. Health Care Comes Home reviews the state of current knowledge and practice about many aspects of health care in residential settings and explores the short- and long-term effects of emerging trends and technologies. By evaluating existing systems, the book identifies design problems and imbalances between technological system demands and the capabilities of users. Health Care Comes Home recommends critical steps to improve health care in the home. The book's recommendations cover the regulation of health care technologies, proper training and preparation for people who provide in-home care, and how existing housing can be modified and new accessible housing can be better designed for residential health care. The book also identifies knowledge gaps in the field and how these can be addressed through research and development initiatives. Health Care Comes Home lays the foundation for the integration of human health factors with the design and implementation of home health care devices, technologies, and practices. The book describes ways in which the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and federal housing agencies can collaborate to improve the quality of health care at home. It is also a valuable resource for residential health care providers and caregivers.
Author: Institute of Medicine Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309133181 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 536
Book Description
The anthrax incidents following the 9/11 terrorist attacks put the spotlight on the nation's public health agencies, placing it under an unprecedented scrutiny that added new dimensions to the complex issues considered in this report. The Future of the Public's Health in the 21st Century reaffirms the vision of Healthy People 2010, and outlines a systems approach to assuring the nation's health in practice, research, and policy. This approach focuses on joining the unique resources and perspectives of diverse sectors and entities and challenges these groups to work in a concerted, strategic way to promote and protect the public's health. Focusing on diverse partnerships as the framework for public health, the book discusses: The need for a shift from an individual to a population-based approach in practice, research, policy, and community engagement. The status of the governmental public health infrastructure and what needs to be improved, including its interface with the health care delivery system. The roles nongovernment actors, such as academia, business, local communities and the media can play in creating a healthy nation. Providing an accessible analysis, this book will be important to public health policy-makers and practitioners, business and community leaders, health advocates, educators and journalists.
Author: Shastri Pandey Publisher: ISBN: 9789358680720 Category : Health & Fitness Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Contemporary Health Economics Essays" by Shastri Pandey offers a comprehensive exploration of the dynamic intersection between economics and modern healthcare systems. With a meticulous blend of insightful analysis and empirical research, Pandey delves into the pressing issues that shape health economics in today's world. This collection of essays presents a thought-provoking journey through topics such as healthcare policy reform, cost-effectiveness analysis, insurance market dynamics, and the role of technology in shaping healthcare delivery. Pandey's incisive writing elucidates the intricate relationships between economic principles, public health, and healthcare outcomes, shedding light on the challenges and opportunities faced by policymakers, practitioners, and researchers. Through rigorous examination and lucid exposition, Pandey navigates the reader through the complexities of health economics, unraveling its impact on healthcare accessibility, affordability, and quality. Drawing from a rich array of data and contemporary case studies, the author stimulates critical thinking about the choices and trade-offs inherent in healthcare resource allocation. "Contemporary Health Economics Essays" is an indispensable resource for students, scholars, and professionals seeking a deep understanding of the evolving landscape of health economics. Shastri Pandey's authoritative voice provides fresh perspectives, paving the way for informed discussions and evidence-based decisions that shape the future of healthcare worldwide.
Author: Michael A. Insler
Author: Michael A. Insler
Author: Yulika Kulikova
Author: Brian Richardson
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Author: William D. Marelich
Author: Gary Brant Morefield
Author: National Research Council
Author: Institute of Medicine
Author: Shastri Pandey
Author: Fatima Irshaidat