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Author: Guillermo Gallacher Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 108
Book Description
In this dissertation I explore the relationship between structural change and globalization. In particular, I focus on the impact of international trade on sectoral labor markets. In Chapter 1, by using a growth accounting framework I provide quantitative estimates of the impact of international trade on sectoral employment shares, in the presence of structural change. I find that in the USA between 1995 and 2014, international trade accounts for 16 percent of the decline in the goods sector employment share. Across countries, the impact of trade on the goods sector employment share is heterogeneous in sign and magnitudes, and is correlated with comparative advantage in the goods sector. I then introduce a Ricardian model of trade with structural change, to shed light on the comparative advantage mechanism. In the data and in the model, international trade mitigates structural change forces in countries with a comparative advantage in the goods sector, while it magnifies structural change forces in countries with a comparative advantage in the service sector. The framework and results I present suggest that trade policy has a limited role in "bringing the manufacturing jobs back". In Chapter 2 I first document that changes in sectoral relative wages have been heterogeneous across countries and then show that these changes in sectoral relative wages matter for understanding employment reallocation. I then ask: why do sectoral relative wages evolve over time? I argue that a likely explanation is the existence of idiosyncratic sectoral labor demand shocks in the context of employment reallocation frictions. I argue that aggregate trade integration con generate such shifts. The intuition is simple: trade liberalization tends to increase labor demand in sectors in which the country has a comparative advantage, and to decrease labor demand in sectors in the rest of sectors. If labor cannot fully reallocate after such shocks, wages tend to adjust: relative wages tend to increase in sectors in which the country has a comparative advantage and tend to shrink in the rest of the economy. Trade integration thus impacts sectoral relative wages and that this impact varies across countries. I introduce a model of international trade with labor market frictions and show that countries with a comparative advantage in the goods (service) sectors tend to experience increasing relative wages in the goods (service) sector. Using the Revealed Comparative Advantage Index, I confirm this relationship in the data. Employment reallocation frictions thus shed light on the empirical relevance of the Ricardian model of international trade.
Author: Guillermo Gallacher Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 108
Book Description
In this dissertation I explore the relationship between structural change and globalization. In particular, I focus on the impact of international trade on sectoral labor markets. In Chapter 1, by using a growth accounting framework I provide quantitative estimates of the impact of international trade on sectoral employment shares, in the presence of structural change. I find that in the USA between 1995 and 2014, international trade accounts for 16 percent of the decline in the goods sector employment share. Across countries, the impact of trade on the goods sector employment share is heterogeneous in sign and magnitudes, and is correlated with comparative advantage in the goods sector. I then introduce a Ricardian model of trade with structural change, to shed light on the comparative advantage mechanism. In the data and in the model, international trade mitigates structural change forces in countries with a comparative advantage in the goods sector, while it magnifies structural change forces in countries with a comparative advantage in the service sector. The framework and results I present suggest that trade policy has a limited role in "bringing the manufacturing jobs back". In Chapter 2 I first document that changes in sectoral relative wages have been heterogeneous across countries and then show that these changes in sectoral relative wages matter for understanding employment reallocation. I then ask: why do sectoral relative wages evolve over time? I argue that a likely explanation is the existence of idiosyncratic sectoral labor demand shocks in the context of employment reallocation frictions. I argue that aggregate trade integration con generate such shifts. The intuition is simple: trade liberalization tends to increase labor demand in sectors in which the country has a comparative advantage, and to decrease labor demand in sectors in the rest of sectors. If labor cannot fully reallocate after such shocks, wages tend to adjust: relative wages tend to increase in sectors in which the country has a comparative advantage and tend to shrink in the rest of the economy. Trade integration thus impacts sectoral relative wages and that this impact varies across countries. I introduce a model of international trade with labor market frictions and show that countries with a comparative advantage in the goods (service) sectors tend to experience increasing relative wages in the goods (service) sector. Using the Revealed Comparative Advantage Index, I confirm this relationship in the data. Employment reallocation frictions thus shed light on the empirical relevance of the Ricardian model of international trade.
Author: Mary C. Rawlinson Publisher: Cambridge Scholars Publishing ISBN: 1443882348 Category : Philosophy Languages : en Pages : 177
Book Description
As Brillant-Savarin remarked in 1825 in his classic text Physiologie du Goût, “Tell me what you eat, and I will tell you who you are.” Philosophers and political theorists have only recently begun to pay attention to food as a critical domain of human activity and social justice. Too often these discussions treat food as a commodity and eating as a matter of individual choice. Policies that address the global obesity crisis by focusing on individual responsibility and medical interventions ignore the dependency of human agency on a culture of possibilities. The essays collected here address this lack in philosophy and political theory by appreciating food as an origin of human culture and a network of social relations. They show how an approach to the current global obesity epidemic through individual choice deflects the structural change that is necessary to create a culture of healthy eating. Analyzing the contemporary food crises of obesity, malnutrition, environmental degradation, and cultural displacement as global issues of public policy and social justice, these essays display the essential interconnections among issues of social inequity, animal rights, environmental ethics, and cultural identity. They call for new solidarities and new public policies to ensure the sustainable practices necessary to the production and distribution of wholesome and satisfying food. Lévi-Strauss located the origin of ethics in table manners. By learning what and how to eat, humans learned respect for others, for the earth, and for the other forms of life that sustain human existence. Lévi-Strauss fears that in our time this “lesson in humility” coursing throughout the mythologies of “savage peoples” may have been forgotten, so that the world is treated as a thing to be appropriated and the extinction of species and cultures as an inevitable result of the ascendancy of global capital. This volume makes clear the need to change the way we eat, if we are to live on the earth together with what Lévi-Strauss calls “decency and discretion.”
Author: John Loxley Publisher: Arp Books ISBN: Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 484
Book Description
Over the course of the last two decades, governments around the world implemented a fundamental shift in the mainstream economic policy and ushered in a period of globalization. These changes, which are commonly known as "neo-conservative," were resisted by a range of social forces, from workers to farmers, in the universities and on the streets. With its diverse international perspectives of globalization and formulations of alternative economic policies, this volume of essays responds to and posits alternatives for the uncreative and unjust policy decisions of world governments that negatively affect the welfare of the world's indigent people. This book's unifying theme is the principle of social justice that motivates Loxley's life and work. Loxley, an economist, is perhaps best known for his work in South Africa (as an advisor to Nelson Mandela during the transition from apartheid) and with First Nations communities in his native Canada. Many of the 19 essays explore the impact of globalization on the developing world, particularly Africa. A comprehensive and expansive exploration of the global impact of neo-conservative economic policies from an internationally diverse group of scholarly voices.
Author: Maximilian Martin Publisher: Mohr Siebeck ISBN: 9783825875268 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 494
Book Description
Globalization is a forceful phenomenon. It is also a buzzword. What is the systematic relationship between experts' models and the way globalization reshapes economy and society? How do paradigmatic statements such as the Washington Consensus impact on social reality? And how do real-world outcomes such as the collapse of the Argentine economy change the way we theorize economic relationships? Based on fieldwork in the Caribbean and inspired by the work of Thomas Kuhn and Michel Foucault, the author argues that to understand globalization, we must analyze material and symbolic factors and their dialectical interaction simultaneously. Part one analyzes how economic thinking and policy in Latin America have evolved historically. To uncover the mechanisms that produce economic thinking and policy, the author formulates a new social theory: interpretive political economy. Integrating research in anthropology, economics, and sociology, he examines four levels of social reality: meaning structures, discourse, practice, and material conditions. Part two provides in-depth case studies on Cuba and the Dominican Republic. What does the rise of economic surveillance mean for globalizing socialism and neopatrimonial capitalism? Does thinking about social relations in the language of the market affect these relations in any systematic way?
Author: Ann Harrison Publisher: University of Chicago Press ISBN: 0226318001 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 674
Book Description
Over the past two decades, the percentage of the world’s population living on less than a dollar a day has been cut in half. How much of that improvement is because of—or in spite of—globalization? While anti-globalization activists mount loud critiques and the media report breathlessly on globalization’s perils and promises, economists have largely remained silent, in part because of an entrenched institutional divide between those who study poverty and those who study trade and finance. Globalization and Poverty bridges that gap, bringing together experts on both international trade and poverty to provide a detailed view of the effects of globalization on the poor in developing nations, answering such questions as: Do lower import tariffs improve the lives of the poor? Has increased financial integration led to more or less poverty? How have the poor fared during various currency crises? Does food aid hurt or help the poor? Poverty, the contributors show here, has been used as a popular and convenient catchphrase by parties on both sides of the globalization debate to further their respective arguments. Globalization and Poverty provides the more nuanced understanding necessary to move that debate beyond the slogans.
Author: Joseph E. Stiglitz Publisher: W. W. Norton & Company ISBN: 0393330281 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 401
Book Description
Nobel Prize winner Stiglitz focuses on policies that truly work and offers fresh, new thinking about the questions that shape the globalization debate.
Author: Dani Rodrik Publisher: W. W. Norton & Company ISBN: 0393246426 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 161
Book Description
“A hugely valuable contribution. . . . In setting out a defence of the best in economics, Rodrik has also provided a goal for the discipline as a whole.” —Martin Sandbu, Financial Times In the wake of the financial crisis and the Great Recession, economics seems anything but a science. In this sharp, masterfully argued book, Dani Rodrik, a leading critic from within, takes a close look at economics to examine when it falls short and when it works, to give a surprisingly upbeat account of the discipline. Drawing on the history of the field and his deep experience as a practitioner, Rodrik argues that economics can be a powerful tool that improves the world—but only when economists abandon universal theories and focus on getting the context right. Economics Rules argues that the discipline's much-derided mathematical models are its true strength. Models are the tools that make economics a science. Too often, however, economists mistake a model for the model that applies everywhere and at all times. In six chapters that trace his discipline from Adam Smith to present-day work on globalization, Rodrik shows how diverse situations call for different models. Each model tells a partial story about how the world works. These stories offer wide-ranging, and sometimes contradictory, lessons—just as children’s fables offer diverse morals. Whether the question concerns the rise of global inequality, the consequences of free trade, or the value of deficit spending, Rodrik explains how using the right models can deliver valuable new insights about social reality and public policy. Beyond the science, economics requires the craft to apply suitable models to the context. The 2008 collapse of Lehman Brothers challenged many economists' deepest assumptions about free markets. Rodrik reveals that economists' model toolkit is much richer than these free-market models. With pragmatic model selection, economists can develop successful antipoverty programs in Mexico, growth strategies in Africa, and intelligent remedies for domestic inequality. At once a forceful critique and defense of the discipline, Economics Rules charts a path toward a more humble but more effective science.
Author: Dani Rodrik Publisher: Princeton University Press ISBN: 0691196087 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 330
Book Description
Deftly navigating the tensions among globalization, national sovereignty, and democracy, Straight Talk on Trade presents an indispensable commentary on today's world economy and its dilemmas, and offers a visionary framework at a critical time when it is most needed.
Author: John L. Campbell Publisher: Princeton University Press ISBN: 9780691089218 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 268
Book Description
This book is about some of the most important problems confronting social scientists who study institutions and institutional change. It is also about globalization, particularly the frequent claim that globalization is transforming national political and economic institutions as never before.
Author: Guillermo Gallacher
Author: Guillermo Gallacher
Author: Adela Argüello
Author: Mary C. Rawlinson
Author: John Loxley
Author: Maximilian Martin
Author: Ann Harrison
Author: Joseph E. Stiglitz
Author: Dani Rodrik
Author: Dani Rodrik
Author: John L. Campbell