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Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 9
Book Description
The Safeguards Science and Technology Group at the Los Alamos National Laboratory has accumualted a large quantity of high-purity germanium (HPGe) detector gamma-ray spectra in support of the development of the FRAM (Fixed Energy, Response Function Analysis with Multiple Efficiencies) gamma-ray isotopic analysis software. These data, acquired over a period of 15 years, represent a variety of planar and coaxial HPGe detectors, analog and digital data acquisition electronics, and represent both laboratory and facility measurements. All data are multiple measurements from samples with well-documented isotopic composition from mass spectrometry measurements. They will report the results of rigorous statistical analyses of FRAM analysis results. The presentation will discuss the errors in FRAM analyses arising from the choice of detector type and analysis energy region and document the errors arising from sample-dependent and analysis-dependent effects.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 9
Book Description
The Safeguards Science and Technology Group at the Los Alamos National Laboratory has accumualted a large quantity of high-purity germanium (HPGe) detector gamma-ray spectra in support of the development of the FRAM (Fixed Energy, Response Function Analysis with Multiple Efficiencies) gamma-ray isotopic analysis software. These data, acquired over a period of 15 years, represent a variety of planar and coaxial HPGe detectors, analog and digital data acquisition electronics, and represent both laboratory and facility measurements. All data are multiple measurements from samples with well-documented isotopic composition from mass spectrometry measurements. They will report the results of rigorous statistical analyses of FRAM analysis results. The presentation will discuss the errors in FRAM analyses arising from the choice of detector type and analysis energy region and document the errors arising from sample-dependent and analysis-dependent effects.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 9
Book Description
The Fixed-Energy Response-Function Analysis with Multiple Efficiency (FRAM) code was developed at Los Alamos National Laboratory to measure the gamma-ray spectrometry of the isotopic composition of plutonium, uranium, and other actinides. They have studied and identified two different kinds of errors from FRAM analysis: random and systematic. The random errors come mainly from statistics and are easily determined. The systematic errors can come from a variety of sources and can be very difficult to determine. The authors carefully examined the FRAM analytical results of the archival plutonium data and of the data specifically acquired for this isotopic uncertainty analysis project, and found the relationship between the systematic errors and other parameters. They determined that the FRAM's systematic errors could be expressed as functions of the peak resolution and shape, region of analysis, and burnup (for plutonium) or enrichment (for uranium). All other parameters such as weight, matrix material, shape, size, container, electronics, detector, input rate, etc., contribute little to the systematic error or they contribute to the peak resolution and shape and then their contributions can be determined from the peak resolution and shape.
Author: Duc T. Vo Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
The Fixed-Energy Response-Function Analysis with Multiple Efficiency (FRAM) code was developed at Los Alamos National Laboratory to measure the gamma-ray spectrometry of the isotopic composition of plutonium, uranium, and other actinides. Its reported uncertainties of the results come from the propagation of the statistics in the peak areas only. No systematic error components are included in the reported uncertainties. We have done several studies and found that the FRAM's statistical precision can be reasonably represented by its reported uncertainties. The FRAM's biases or systematic uncertainties can come from a variety of sources and can be difficult to determine. We carefully examined the FRAM analytical results of the archival plutonium data and of the data specifically acquired for this isotopic uncertainty analysis project and found the relationship between the bias and other parameters. We worked out the equations representing the biases of the measured isotopes from each measurement using the internal parameters in the spectrum such as peak resolution and shape, region of analysis, and burnup (for plutonium) or enrichment (for uranium).
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
The gamma ray spectrum of plutonium contains measurable gamma rays ranging in energy from 60 keV to above 1 MeV. The FRAM gamma ray isotopic analysis code can analyze data from all types of HPGe detectors in this energy range typically using planar detectors in the energy range 60-210 keV or 120-451 keV and using coaxial detectors in the energy ranges 120-451 keV or 200-1001 keV. The statistical measurement precision depends upon the detector/energy range combination as well as the characteristics of the sample and any addition filters. In this paper we carry out the optimization of measurement precision for the important case of a multi-kg sample of low bumup PuO2 contained in a DOE 3013 Standard-compatible long-teml storage container.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
DOE/NNSA and IRSN collaborated on a study of gamma-ray instruments and analysis methods used to perform isotopic measurements of special nuclear materials. The two agencies agreed to collaborate on the project in response to inconsistencies that were found in the various versions of software and hardware used to determine the isotopic abundances of uranium and plutonium. IRSN used software developed internally to test the MGA and FRAM isotopic analysis codes for criteria used to stop data acquisition. The stop-criterion test revealed several unusual behaviors in both the MGA and FRAM software codes.
Author: W. D. Ruhter Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
The gamma-ray data analysis methodology originally developed for the MGA code to determine the relative detection efficiency curve may also be used to determine the relative amounts of the isotopes being measured. This analysis approach is based on the fact that the intensity of any given gamma ray from a sample is determined by the amount of the emitting isotope present in the sample, the emission probability for the gamma ray being measured, the sample self attenuation, the attenuation due to absorbers between the sample and detector, and the detector efficiency. An equation can be written that describes a measured gamma-ray peak intensity in terms of these parameters. By selecting appropriate gamma-ray peaks from the isotopes of interest, we can solve a set of equations for the values of the parameters in any particular measurement including the relative amounts of the selected isotopes. The equations representing the peak intensities are very nonlinear and require an iterative least squares method to solve. We have developed software to ensure that during the iterative process the parameters stay within their appropriate ranges and converge properly in solving the set of equations under various measurement conditions. We have utilized and reported on this approach for determining the plutonium isotopic abundances in samples enriched in Pu-238 and to determine the U-235 enrichment of uranium samples in thick-walled containers. Recently, we have used this approach to determine the plutonium isotopic abundances of plutonium samples in thick-walled containers. We will report on this most recent application, and how this general approach can be adapted quickly to any isotopic analysis problem.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 10
Book Description
We describe the characteristics and features and demonstrate the performance of a new code (FRAM) for determining the isotopic composition of plutonium using gamma-ray spectroscopy. This versatile code can measure an extremely wide range of isotopic compositions and is extremely easy to tailor to specialized measurement conditions. Measurement precision, accuracy, and throughput are significantly improved over previous Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) codes. 13 refs., 2 figs., 4 tabs.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 10
Book Description
Gamma-ray emission probabilities of 235U and 238U have been studied extensively. While the gamma-ray emission probabilities for 235U and are well known, the emission probabilities for 238U differ widely from one study to another. This study indicates that one of the causes of the large discrepancies in the studies may be due to the true coincidence summing of many gamma rays from the decay of 238U daughters. The intensities of some of the intense gamma rays of 238U compared with the others were reduced by as much as 16% when the 21-mm-thick U3O samples were moved from 15 cm to putting them in contact with the detector. With better knowledge of the gamma-ray emission probabilities and understanding the summing effects of specific gamma rays, the isotopic concentration of uranium can be better analyzed. The results of the isotopic analysis using fixed energy response function analysis with multiple efficiencies (FRAM) with the summing correction are presented in this paper.
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