Author: Erkki KoskelaPublisher:
ISBN: 9789521000423
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 30
Book Description
Equilibrium Unemployment and Credit Market Imperfections
Author: Erkki KoskelaPublisher:
ISBN: 9789521000423
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 30
Book Description
Equilibrium Unemployment With Credit and Labour Market Imperfections
Author: Erkki KoskelaPublisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 38
Book Description
We study the role of labour and credit market imperfections in the determination of equilibrium unemployment. In the credit market, loan contracts are negotiated between financiers and firms, both of which have bargaining power, while firms and organized labour bargain over the base wage. The sequential labour and credit market negotiations are assumed to take place conditional on the firm having committed to the use performance-related profit sharing in addition to the negotiated base wage. It is shown that, in the presence of profit sharing, intensified credit market competition will raise equilibrium unemployment, because it induces wage-enhancing effects that cause an increase in the outside option available to union members. Equilibrium unemployment, which is also an increasing function of firms' bankruptcy risks, is however independent of the extent of credit market imperfection, provided that the compensation system is unrelated to firms' profits or that there is a monopoly union in the labour market.
The Macroeconomics of Labour and Credit Market Imperfections
Author: Etienne WasmerPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Commercial credit
Languages : en
Pages : 48
Book Description
Equilibrium Unemployment with Credit & Labour Market Imperfections
Author: The Macroeconomics of Labor and Credit Market Imperfections
Author: Etienne WasmerProfit Sharing, Credit Market Imperfections and Equilibrium Unemployment
Author: Erkki KoskelaEquilibrium Unemployment and Investment Under Product and Labour Market Imperfections
Author: Heikki KauppiPublisher:
ISBN: 9789515558213
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 29
Book Description
Essais Sur la Macroéconomie Des Imperfections Sur Le Marché Du Capital
Author: Nicolas Petrovsky-NadeauPublisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
Book Description
The first chapter shows that the propagation properties of the standard search and matching model of equilibrium unemployment are significantly altered when vacancy costs require some external financing on frictional credit markets. Agency problems on credit markets lead to higher costs of vacancies. When the former are counter-cyclical, this greatly increases the elasticity of vacancies to productivity through two distinct channels: (i) a cost channel - lowered unit costs during an upturn as credit constraints are relaxed increase the incentive to post vacancies; (ii) a wage channel - the improved bargaining position of firms afforded by the lowered cost of vacancies limits of the upward pressure of market tightness on wages. As a result, the model can match the observed volatility of unemployment, vacancies and labor market tightness. Moreover, the progressive easing of financing constraints to innovations generates persistence in the response of market tightness and vacancies, a robust feature of the data and shortcoming of the standard model. Extending the model to allow for endogenous job separation improves its ability to match gross labor flows statistics while preserving its propagation properties. The second chapter documents the existence of time-varying congestion in the (re)allocation of physical capital akin to what is observed on labor markets. It then builds a model with search frictions for the allocation of physical capital in order to investigate its implications for the business cycle. While the model is in principle capable of generating substantial internal propagation to small exogenous shocks, the quantitative effects are modest once it is calibrated to fit firm-level capital flows. The model is then extended to credit market frictions that lead to countercyclical default as in the data. Although countercyclical default directly affects capital reallocation, even in this extended model, search frictions in physical capital markets play only a small role for business cycle fluctuations. The final chapter models flows of foreign direct investment (FDI) in a two country, two sector DSGE framework. The allocation of capital to production capacity abroad is subject to a search-and-matching friction with endogenous capital reallocation, capturing the additional cost and time involved in adjusting production capacity abroad. The model is calibrated on observed gross inflows and outflows of FDI and leads to dynamics of net foreign direct investment consistent with the empirical evidence documented in this chapter: inward and outward net flows of FDI are positively correlated whereas a standard International Real Business Cycle model has the prediction of a negative correlation. Moreover, the model solves the aggregate investment quantity puzzle as it generates cross-country correlations in-line with the data.
Equilibrium Unemployment & Capital Intensity Under Product & Labor Market Imperfections
Author: Structural Slumps
Author: Edmund S. PhelpsPublisher: Harvard University Press
ISBN: 9780674843738
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 444
Book Description
Dissatisfied with the explanations of the business cycle provided by the Keynesian, monetarist, New Keynesian, and real business cycle schools, Edmund Phelps has developed from various existing strands-some modern and some classical--a radically different theory to account for the long periods of unemployment that have dogged the economies of the United States and Western Europe since the early 1970s. Phelps sees secular shifts and long swings of the unemployment rate as structural in nature. That is, they are typically the result of movements in the natural rate of unemployment (to which the equilibrium path is always tending) rather than of long-persisting deviations around a natural rate itself impervious to changing structure. What has been lacking is a "structuralist" theory of how the natural rate is disturbed by real demand and supply shocks, foreign and domestic, and the adjustments they set in motion. To study the determination of the natural rate path, Phelps constructs three stylized general equilibrium models, each one built around a distinct kind of asset in which firms invest and which is important for the hiring decision. An element of these models is the modern economics of the labor market whereby firms, in seeking to dampen their employees' propensities to quit and shirk, drive wages above market-clearing levels-the phenomenon of the "incentive wage"--and so generate involuntary unemployment in labor-market equilibrium. Another element is the capital market, where interest rates are disturbed by demand and supply shocks such as shifts in profitability, thrift, productivity, and the rate of technical progress and population increase. A general-equilibrium analysis shows how various real shocks, operating through interest rates upon the demand for employees and through the propensity to quit and shirk upon the incentive wage, act upon the natural rate (and thus equilibrium path). In an econometric and historical section, the new theory of economic activity is submitted to certain empirical tests against global postwar data. In the final section the author draws from the theory some suggestions for government policy measures that would best serve to combat structural slumps.