Epidemiology of Wheat Curl Mite (Aceria Tosichella K.) and Wheat Streak Mosaic Virus on Feral Grass Species and Effect of Glyphosate on Wheat Curl Mite Dispersal PDF Download

Author: Christopher William Brey
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Grasses
Languages : en
Pages : 278

View

Book Description

Author: Camila F. de Oliveira
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Wheat
Languages : en
Pages : 82

View

Book Description
The wheat curl mite (WCM), Aceria tosichella Keifer, transmits a complex of viruses, Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV), Triticum mosaic virus (TriMV) and Wheat mosaic virus (WMoV), to wheat, Triticum aestivum, in the Great Plains. Co-infection of wheat by these viruses is frequently observed, increasing disease severity and yield loss. Current genetic work classifies WCM populations into two genotypes, Type 1 and Type 2. It has been shown that different mite genotypes are able to transmit viruses at varying rates. WCM-virus relations are very specific and can impact vector biology. In this study, the primary objective was to determine if co-infection of wheat by WSMV+ TriMV has an impact on each virus transmission rate by the WCM Type 1 and Type 2. An additional objective was to establish the impact of double viral infections on the biology of the mites and virus dispersal in the field. Using a series of transmission studies, it was determined that Type 1 WCMs do not transmit TriMV even in the presence of WSMV. Type 2 WCMs feeding on wheat infected with both viruses, have reduced WSMV transmission when compared to mites feeding on singly inoculated plants. However, TriMV transmission is increased when mites feed on wheat infected by both viruses. Mite counts from the field indicated that mites feeding on WSMV infected plants had the highest populations, followed by the control, WSMV+TriMV and TriMV. In field conditions, WSMV incidence was reduced when Type 2 WCM were exposed to source plants with WSMV+TriMV. TriMV incidence was not different between mites feeding on single or double infected plants. These findings enhance the understanding of WCM virus complex epidemiology.

Author: Edward A. Ueckermann
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9048195624
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 306

View

Book Description
Fourteen informative papers dealing with their DNA, species interactions, adventiveness, host specificity, potential as boi-contol agents of weeds, chemical control, behaviour, their role in fungal pathogen epidemiology, influence in forests and on ornamentals, collecting and mounting techniques and their interaction with crops are presented here. This is an extensive and valuable contribution to eriophyoid science and a must for present and future researchers in this field.

Author: Lindsay M. Overmyer
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 100

View

Book Description
The wheat curl mite (Aceria tosichella Keifer) (WCM) is a vector of three plant viruses to wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) including: Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV), Triticum mosaic virus (TriMV), and High Plains wheat mosaic virus. This wheat-mitevirus complex causes significant yield loss in winter wheat across the Great Plains. Management of WCM host plants during the time between wheat harvest and planting of the new wheat crop (the green bridge) is critical in reducing potential risk and loss from this complex. The primary green bridge host, in the central Great Plains, is volunteer wheat. If volunteer wheat is not managed (via herbicide or tillage application), it can serve as a host in which mite populations can build up and later be dispersed by the wind into neighboring wheat fields, causing virus spread. Because population dynamics in vegetative volunteer wheat is not well understood, two studies were designed to focus on WCM population buildup and dispersal (subsequent virus spread). Differential mite populations were established in both studies by using viruses and/or virus resistant wheat varieties due to their impact on mite reproduction rates. Mite reproduction is negatively impacted by TriMV and positively by WSMV. 'Mace', a virus resistant variety, was used to maintain plant condition and derive elevated mite populations. Virus symptoms were monitored by measuring plant relative chlorophyll content. In a greenhouse study, mite-infested wheat was placed in wind tunnels every 7-10 days to evaluate mite dispersal from virus-infected wheat. A field study was also conducted in which mite dispersal (i.e. virus spread) was monitored around a single infested plant in a plot. Results indicated that mite density was the primary factor determining the extent of mite dispersal and virus spread. In addition, temperature impacted the extent of mite population build up and virus spread. Both studies will aid in the development of more accurate predictive risk models of virus risk and contribute to improved management of this wheat-mite-virus complex.

Author: Christian A. Webb
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

View

Book Description
Wheat streak mosaic (WSM) is a devastating disease of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in Kansas. Although WSM can cause heavy crop losses, the severity of regional and statewide losses varies by year and location. Wheat streak mosaic is caused primarily by the Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV) and is spread by the wheat curl mite, Aceria tosichella Keifer. To infect fall planted wheat, both the virus and mite require a living, grass host to survive the summer months. The first research objective was to determine the risk of different grass species to serve as a source of WSM. Published experiments and surveys were reviewed to determine the suitability of each host based on a set of criteria. An analysis of the reports from the reviewed literature found 39 species to host both pests. Categorical analysis of these observations suggested that well-studied grass species could be placed in four risk groupings with ten species at high risk of carrying both pests. Furthermore, results from controlled experimentation generally agrees with results from field survey results for both pests. The second objective was to determine the weather and cropping factors that are associated with regional epidemics of WSM in Kansas. Historic disease observations, weather summaries, soil moisture indices, and cropping statistics were collected from Kansas crop reporting districts from 1995-2013. Binary response variables (non-epidemic case vs epidemic cases) were developed from different thresholds of district losses attributed to WSM. Variables associated with WSM epidemics were identified by a combination of non-parametric correlation, classification trees, and logistic regression. This analysis indicates that the total acres of wheat planted per season was associated with the low frequency of epidemics in Eastern Kansas. Temperature during September appears to influence the yield losses caused by WSM. Wheat planting generally begins during September and continues through October in the state. Temperature during the winter months (December-February) was also identified as important with warm conditions favoring outbreaks of disease. Dry soil conditions in February was also associated with epidemics of WSM. Models combining these variables correctly classified 60 to 74% of the cases considered in this analysis.

Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Dissertation abstracts
Languages : en
Pages : 784

View

Book Description

Author: Dai Ito
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Wheat streak mosaic virus
Languages : en
Pages : 218

View

Book Description
Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV), endemic in small grains production areas of the Great Plains, causes yield losses of wheat 2 to 5% annually. Yield loss in individual fields can reach 100%. Control relies on cultural practices to control the vector, the wheat curl mite (Aceria tosichella Keifer, WCM), and the use of resistant or tolerant varieties. WSMV and WCM depend on living tissue for survival and reproduction, including common grassy weeds. Little is known about the relative importance of these weeds as alternative hosts of WSMV. The purpose of these studies was to evaluate the risk of infection with WSMV in commonly grown wheat varieties and various grassy weed species, information useful to understanding WSMV epidemiology and control. Winter wheat, spring wheat and barley varieties in Montana were evaluated in the field by measuring the effect of fall vs. spring inoculation and variety on incidence, symptom severity, and yield components. Winter wheat varieties from five states, and spring wheat and barley varieties from Montana were tested for incidence and absorbance in greenhouse. Fall-inoculated winter wheat had less effect of WSMV inoculation compared to spring-inoculated winter wheat. Yields of spring wheat varieties were largely reduced by WSMV inoculation. There was no correlation between yield and incidence or symptom severity. In greenhouse studies, the highest incidence was observed in varieties from Idaho and Nebraska, whereas the highest relative absorbance was observed in varieties from Montana. In 2008 and 2009, surveys of common grassy weeds were conducted. Grass species from croplands in six states were selected and mechanically inoculated to determine the susceptibility to WSMV. Grassy weeds were also evaluated as a source of WSMV by measuring transmission efficiency with virulifeous WCM. Bromus tectorum was the most prevalent grassy weed and the most frequent viral host. Aegilops cylindrica, and Avena fatua had the highest incidence and relative absorbance. There were no differences in the susceptibility of grass species to WSMV by their state of origin. WCM transmission study indicated infected grass species had lower transmission efficiency than from infected wheat. These studies will benefit producers in Montana to assess their risk of WSMV based on variety selection and the presence of grassy weeds.

Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

View

Book Description
The folder may include clippings, announcements, small exhibition catalogs, and other ephemeral items.

Author: Harry W. Somsen
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Agricultural research
Languages : en
Pages : 24

View

Book Description

Author: Benjawan Siriwetwiwat
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780542908736
Category : Virus-vector relationships
Languages : en
Pages :

View

Book Description