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Author: Carlos Bolanos-Carriel Publisher: ISBN: 9780438724112 Category : Fungal diseases of plants Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Fusarium head blight (FHB) caused by Fusarium graminearum, the FHB-associated mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON), and foliar fungal diseases are significant threats to wheat production. This research 1) evaluated the effects of fungicide chemical class, application timing, and cultivar resistance on FHB and DON under field conditions; 2) evaluated the effects of field-applied fungicide chemical class, grain moisture, and time on DON under grain storage conditions; 3) evaluated the effects of field-applied fungicide chemical class and time on trichothecene-related gene (Tri5) expression under grain storage conditions; 4) determined the optimum F. graminearum spore concentration and spike bagging period following inoculation for accurately discriminating between FHB resistant and susceptible wheat cultivars under greenhouse conditions; and 5) determined the optimum timing of fungicide applications for control of foliar fungal diseases of wheat under field conditions. A triazole fungicide controlled FHB and DON more effectively than a strobilurin fungicide. A triazole applied 6 days after anthesis was as effective as an anthesis (standard timing) application, indicating a wider window of application for growers' needed flexibility. In storage, DON decreased over time in grain of a moderately resistant cultivar treated with a triazole and increased in grain of a susceptible cultivar treated with a strobilurin. During storage, DON biosynthesis Tri5 gene expression increased over time during storage of high grain moisture grain, a significant reduction in the relative expression of the Tri5 gene and a downregulation of the gene occurred in the triazole treatment whereas expression of the gene increased in the strobilurin treatment. In the greenhouse, lower concentrations of F. graminearum inoculum (6.25 x 10 3 and 1.25 x 104 spores/mL) were more efficient in discriminating between a moderately resistant and a susceptible wheat cultivar compared to the standard concentration (1 x 105 spores/mL). The optimum spike bagging period following inoculation for discrimination between a moderately resistant and a susceptible cultivar was 48 hours or 72 hours (the standard). Foliar fungicide applications in field plots at the flag leaf and boot growth stages of wheat were more effective in protecting yield than later applications. Results from this research will enhance knowledge in the epidemiology and management of FHB, DON, and foliar fungal diseases of wheat.
Author: Carlos Bolanos-Carriel Publisher: ISBN: 9780438724112 Category : Fungal diseases of plants Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Fusarium head blight (FHB) caused by Fusarium graminearum, the FHB-associated mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON), and foliar fungal diseases are significant threats to wheat production. This research 1) evaluated the effects of fungicide chemical class, application timing, and cultivar resistance on FHB and DON under field conditions; 2) evaluated the effects of field-applied fungicide chemical class, grain moisture, and time on DON under grain storage conditions; 3) evaluated the effects of field-applied fungicide chemical class and time on trichothecene-related gene (Tri5) expression under grain storage conditions; 4) determined the optimum F. graminearum spore concentration and spike bagging period following inoculation for accurately discriminating between FHB resistant and susceptible wheat cultivars under greenhouse conditions; and 5) determined the optimum timing of fungicide applications for control of foliar fungal diseases of wheat under field conditions. A triazole fungicide controlled FHB and DON more effectively than a strobilurin fungicide. A triazole applied 6 days after anthesis was as effective as an anthesis (standard timing) application, indicating a wider window of application for growers' needed flexibility. In storage, DON decreased over time in grain of a moderately resistant cultivar treated with a triazole and increased in grain of a susceptible cultivar treated with a strobilurin. During storage, DON biosynthesis Tri5 gene expression increased over time during storage of high grain moisture grain, a significant reduction in the relative expression of the Tri5 gene and a downregulation of the gene occurred in the triazole treatment whereas expression of the gene increased in the strobilurin treatment. In the greenhouse, lower concentrations of F. graminearum inoculum (6.25 x 10 3 and 1.25 x 104 spores/mL) were more efficient in discriminating between a moderately resistant and a susceptible wheat cultivar compared to the standard concentration (1 x 105 spores/mL). The optimum spike bagging period following inoculation for discrimination between a moderately resistant and a susceptible cultivar was 48 hours or 72 hours (the standard). Foliar fungicide applications in field plots at the flag leaf and boot growth stages of wheat were more effective in protecting yield than later applications. Results from this research will enhance knowledge in the epidemiology and management of FHB, DON, and foliar fungal diseases of wheat.
Author: Yeshwant Ramchandra Mehta Publisher: Springer ISBN: 3319064657 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 265
Book Description
Wheat Diseases and Their Management addresses biotic and abiotic constrains to wheat production. Besides detailed illustrations and descriptions of the most important diseases of wheat in the world, it offers an updated view on the reemergence of some old diseases and the occurrence of new races of the pathogen. It deals with the sustainability of wheat production through precision agriculture and focuses on the importance of conservation tillage. The book also deals with pillars of integrated disease management which would be eco-friendly and reduce severity of diseases and yield losses, with acquired Latin-American experiences of more than 40 years.
Author: Kurt J. Leonard Publisher: American Phytopathological Society ISBN: Category : Barley Languages : en Pages : 544
Book Description
The book provides a comprehensive record of current knowledge on the nature of Fusarium head blight, the damage it causes, and current research on how to control it. The book begins with a historical account of Fusarium head blight epidemics that gives context to recent attempts to control epidemics in wheat and barley. A review of pathogen taxonomy and population biology helps scientists to see relationships among head blight pathogens and other Fusarium species. The information on epidemiology included in this review also provides an understanding of the weather conditions and cultural practices that promote explosive epidemics. New information on infection processes will lead the reader to a better understanding of how to breed for resistance in wheat and barley.
Author: Teresa M. Alconada Magliano Publisher: Springer ISBN: 9789400770928 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 304
Book Description
Fusarium head blight (FHB) on small-grain cereals is one of the most devastating diseases. Several species can cause head blight, though Fusarium graminearum is the predominant pathogen in most regions. F. graminearum is one of the most intensively studied fungal plant pathogens. This book presents the current state of knowledge regarding mycological aspects that make wheat-Fusarium interaction, such as hyphal growth, morphogenesis in germinating spores, visualization of enzymatic hydrolysis, production of mycotoxins, inhibition of the hyphal growth by antagonist microorganisms, use of natural substances or by modification of the host resistance, as well as genetic analysis and expression of genes that regulate the infection. Fungal ecology and epidemiology will also be discussed. Just as the analysis of environmental requirements for the establishment of the disease, the use of forecasts of disease risk with meteorological base and integrated management and control. This book includes the study of disease in Latin America, therefore will be of interest to researchers who are working on the issue, as for those who are interested in knowing about the disease.
Author: Sudheer Kumar Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 0429894074 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 157
Book Description
Wheat Blast provides systematic and practical information on wheat blast pathology, summarises research progress and discusses future perspectives based on current understanding of the existing issues. The book explores advance technologies that may help in deciding the path for future research and development for better strategies and techniques to manage the wheat blast disease. It equips readers with basic and applied understanding on the identification of disease, its distribution and chances of further spread in new areas, its potential to cause yield losses to wheat, the conditions that favour disease development, disease prediction modelling, resistance breeding methods and management strategies against wheat blast. Features: Provides comprehensive information on wheat blast pathogen and its management under a single umbrella Covers disease identification and diagnostics which will be helpful to check introduction in new areas Discusses methods and protocol to study the different aspects of the disease such as diagnostics, variability, resistance screening, epiphytotic creation etc. Gives deep insight on the past, present and future outlook of wheat blast research progress This book’s chapters are contributed by experts and pioneers in their respective fields and it provides comprehensive insight with updated findings on wheat blast research. It serves as a valuable reference for researchers, policy makers, students, teachers, farmers, seed growers, traders, and other stakeholders dealing with wheat.
Author: Kylea J. Odenbach Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Abstract: Fusarium graminearum Schwabe (teleomorph Gibberella zeae (Schwein.) Petch), is the causal agent of Fusarium head blight (FHB), a fungal disease of wheat and other small grain. This fungus produces a trichothecene mycotoxin, deoxynivalenol (DON), which accumulates in infected grain. The United States Food and Drug Administration has issued a 2 ppm advisory limit for DON in unprocessed grain intended for human consumption. In this study, the effect of host resistance, growth stage at infection, and inoculum density, as well as the interactions of these factors, were evaluated on disease measures and DON content of grain under different environmental conditions. A second study, overlaid on the first, evaluated the same effects on DON and F. graminearum colonization of grain from wheat spikes asymptomatic for FHB. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with a split-split-split plot treatment structure, with planting date (PD) as the whole plot, wheat cultivar (CV) as the sub-plot, infection time (IT) as the sub-sub plot, and inoculum density (ID) as the sub-sub-sub plot. Main effects of CV, IT, and ID were significant in both years for DON and visual measures of disease. The greatest DON levels for the two years were seen when temperatures were cool (
Author: Arun Arya Publisher: CABI ISBN: 1845936043 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 404
Book Description
This book provides an overview of our current knowledge of some plant-pathogen interactions in economically important crops, emphasizing the importance of pathogenic fungi on fruits, cereals, postharvest crops and the establishment of plant diseases and drawing together fundamental new information on their management strategies based on conventional and eco-friendly methods, with an emphasis on the use of microorganisms and various biotechnological aspects of agriculture, which could lead to sustainability in modern agriculture. The book examines the role of microbes in growth promotion, as bioprotectors and bioremediators, and presents practical strategies for using microbes in sustainable agriculture. In addition, the use of botanicals vis-a-vis chemical pesticides is also reviewed. Contributions on new research fields such as mycorrhizas and endophytes are included. The book also examines in different chapters host-pathogen interactions in the light of the new tools and techniques of molecular biology and genetics.
Author: Carlos Bolanos-Carriel
Author: Carlos Bolanos-Carriel
Author: Maria Rosa Simon
Author: Yeshwant Ramchandra Mehta
Author: Kurt J. Leonard
Author: Teresa M. Alconada Magliano
Author: Sudheer Kumar
Author: Kylea J. Odenbach
Author: Arun Arya
Author: Dimitŭr Atanasov
Author: Z. Eyal