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Author: Duangkamon Chotikapanich Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 0387727965 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 322
Book Description
Jean-Jacques Rousseau wrote in the Preface to his famous Discourse on Inequality that “I consider the subject of the following discourse as one of the most interesting questions philosophy can propose, and unhappily for us, one of the most thorny that philosophers can have to solve. For how shall we know the source of inequality between men, if we do not begin by knowing mankind?” (Rousseau, 1754). This citation of Rousseau appears in an article in Spanish where Dagum (2001), in the memory of whom this book is published, also cites Socrates who said that the only useful knowledge is that which makes us better and Seneca who wrote that knowing what a straight line is, is not important if we do not know what rectitude is. These references are indeed a good illustration of Dagum’s vast knowledge, which was clearly not limited to the ?eld of Economics. For Camilo the ?rst part of Rousseau’s citation certainly justi?ed his interest in the ?eld of inequality which was at the centre of his scienti?c preoccupations. It should however be stressed that for Camilo the second part of the citation represented a “solid argument in favor of giving macroeconomic foundations to microeconomic behavior” (Dagum, 2001). More precisely, “individualism and methodological holism complete each other in contributing to the explanation of individual and social behavior” (Dagum, 2001).
Author: Duangkamon Chotikapanich Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 0387727965 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 322
Book Description
Jean-Jacques Rousseau wrote in the Preface to his famous Discourse on Inequality that “I consider the subject of the following discourse as one of the most interesting questions philosophy can propose, and unhappily for us, one of the most thorny that philosophers can have to solve. For how shall we know the source of inequality between men, if we do not begin by knowing mankind?” (Rousseau, 1754). This citation of Rousseau appears in an article in Spanish where Dagum (2001), in the memory of whom this book is published, also cites Socrates who said that the only useful knowledge is that which makes us better and Seneca who wrote that knowing what a straight line is, is not important if we do not know what rectitude is. These references are indeed a good illustration of Dagum’s vast knowledge, which was clearly not limited to the ?eld of Economics. For Camilo the ?rst part of Rousseau’s citation certainly justi?ed his interest in the ?eld of inequality which was at the centre of his scienti?c preoccupations. It should however be stressed that for Camilo the second part of the citation represented a “solid argument in favor of giving macroeconomic foundations to microeconomic behavior” (Dagum, 2001). More precisely, “individualism and methodological holism complete each other in contributing to the explanation of individual and social behavior” (Dagum, 2001).
Author: Sourushe Zandvakili Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Short- and long-run inequalities and income stability among households with male heads are measured and analyzed using the Panel Study of Income Dynamics for 1969-81. The results suggest short-run inequalities are increasing over the period with fluctuations. These fluctuations contain transitory components which can be eliminated by smoothing of the data. Long-run measures are less subject to fluctuations and, therefore, provide a better measure of inequality. They show a decrease in inequality in the early periods but increases after the mid-1970's. Several aggregator functions are used to compute "permanent income" variables for the long-run measures of inequality and stability. The measures are decomposed to reflect differences in age, education, and race. They are decomposed also into groups which are free of such group characteristics. Education has the most important influence on inequality. Stability profiles indicate, furthermore, most of the reduction in inequality in the early periods among households with male heads has been within particular groups. Reductions across groups are minimal.
Author: Philip B. Coulter Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 0429713738 Category : Social Science Languages : en Pages : 218
Book Description
The impetus to write this book grew out of curiosity and frustration. For a research project in which I was involved, I wanted to select an appropriate index to measure inequality, so I searched for a book that comprehensively reviewed the available indexes, identified their operational similarities and differences, and clarified their theoretical undetpinnings. Discovering that no such book existed, I became increasingly frustrated and curious. It became evident that I would have to undertake my own systematic review of the literature, presumably in my own discipline, in order to identify the alternative measures and choose an appropriate one on the basis of proper theoretical and methodological criteria. This effort led to additional frustrating discoveries. First, I encountered a bewildering abundance of inequality indexeswell over ftfty distinguishable measures. Second, my review of the methodological literature on inequality measurement took me through the issues of literally scores of professional journals in five academic disciplines-economics, geography, political science, sociology, and statistics. Third, although I found some cross-disciplinary referencing of inequality measures, by and large each discipline's inequality measurement remained insulated from that of other disciplines.
Author: Kai Yuen Tsui Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
This paper generalizes the axiomatic approach to the design of income inequality measures to the multiattribute context. While the extension of most axioms considered desirable for inequality indices is straightforward, it is not entirely clear when a situation is more unequal than another when each person is characterised by a vector of attributes of well-being. We explore two majorization criteria which are partial orders ranking distributions of attributes by their degree of inequality. The two criteria are motivated by the Pigou-Dalton Transfer Principle in the unidimensional context and its equivalent formulation. These criteria gauge inequality loosely speaking with respect to the dispersion of the multidimensional distribution of the attributes. They, however, fail to address a different dimension of multivariate inequality pertaining to an increase in the correlation of the attributes. In this connection, this paper introduces a correlation-increasing majorization criterion proposed by Boland and Proschan (1988). Finally, in conjunction with other axioms commonly invoked in the literature on inequality, the majorization criteria lead inexorably to the class of multidimensional generalized entropy measures.
Author: Sofia Berto Villas-Boas Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 34
Book Description
In this paper, instead of likelihood based methods that are fragile under model uncertainty, we use entropy based methods on time-ordered household income data to recover income distribution information on European countries and obtain income inequality estimates. For information recovery, we use a family of information theoretic entropy based divergence measures to obtain income probability density functions and the corresponding inequality measures, which reflect how European country based behavioral systems are functioning, how the allocation and distribution systems are performing, and in terms of dynamics, how the economic system has changed over time.
Author: Nicholas Rohde Publisher: ISBN: Category : Information theory in economics Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
"The application of information theory to the measurement of income inequality has yielded an impressive array of measurement techniques known as Generalized Entropy (GE) measures. Special cases of this class of index include Theil's T and L measures which are considered axiomatically superior to other types of metrics including the popular Gini coefficient. In this paper we show that the parallel between information theory and inequality measurement has not yet been fully explored and propose a new inequality measure based upon this concept. The proposed measure is already established as a tool for use in statistical classification and signal processing problems and is known in these fields as the J-Divergence or Symmetric Kullback-Leibler Divergence. As an inequality metric the measure is shown to be axiomatically complete and is in possession of an additional property allowing for an alternate type of decomposition analysis. The new type of decomposition makes the contribution of any individual or subgroup to the inequality metric directly observable such that the overall index may be reconciled with a weighted sum of each group contribution. We illustrate with an example using income micro-data from the United States where we evaluate the contributions of various racial groups to overall inequality. We also provide a standard decomposition of the inequalities between and within the racial groups to contrast the techniques"--Abstract.
Author: Sofia Berto Villas-Boas Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 24
Book Description
We use entropy based methods on a sample of household income data from the 2005 Chinese Inter-Census as a basis for summarizing the income data in the form of a probability density function(PDF), and to obtain measures of income inequality. We estimate the income probability density functions using information theoretic entropy based divergence measures and recover the corresponding inequality measures for each of China's provinces. In the entropy criterion-measure we seek a probability density function solution that is as close to a uniform PDF-distribution of income (an equal distribution with the least inequality), as the micro sample data will permit. These entropy measures reflect cross sectional measures of income inequality and reflect how the province level economic behavioral system is functioning and how the allocation and distribution systems is performing. Finally we use a sample of data from the China Family Panel Study to recover an estimate of the income PDF for China in 2016.
Author: Maxim Raginsky Publisher: ISBN: 9781601989062 Category : Computers Languages : en Pages : 256
Book Description
Concentration of Measure Inequalities in Information Theory, Communications, and Coding focuses on some of the key modern mathematical tools that are used for the derivation of concentration inequalities, on their links to information theory, and on their various applications to communications and coding.
Author: Duangkamon Chotikapanich
Author: Duangkamon Chotikapanich
Author: Sourushe Zandvakili
Author: Philip B. Coulter
Author: Kenneth D. Bailey
Author: Kai Yuen Tsui
Author: Sofia Berto Villas-Boas
Author: Nicholas Rohde
Author: Sofia Berto Villas-Boas
Author: Sofia Villas-Boas
Author: Maxim Raginsky