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Author: Oded Kafri Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform ISBN: 9781482687699 Category : Entropy Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
"The book describes the historical evolution of the understanding of entropy, alongside the biographies of the scientists who contributed to its definition and exploration of its effects in exact sciences, communication theory, economy and sociology."--Cover.
Author: Oded Kafri Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform ISBN: 9781482687699 Category : Entropy Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
"The book describes the historical evolution of the understanding of entropy, alongside the biographies of the scientists who contributed to its definition and exploration of its effects in exact sciences, communication theory, economy and sociology."--Cover.
Author: Andrew C. A. Elliott Publisher: Oxford University Press ISBN: 0198883668 Category : Mathematics Languages : en Pages : 483
Book Description
Chance fills every day of our lives and affects every decision we make. Yet, for something woven so closely into the fabric of our being, we are not very good at thinking about uncertainty and risk. In this lively and engaging book, Andrew C. A. Elliott asks why this is so. He picks at the threads and, in showing how our world is built on probability rather than certainty, he identifies five obstacles to thinking about uncertainty that confuse us time after time. Elliott takes us into the casino, but this is not an invitation to gamble. He looks at financial markets, but this is not a guide to investment. There's discussion of health, but this is not a medical book. He touches on genetics and evolution, and music-making, and writing, because chance is at work there too. Entering many different fields, What are the Chances of That? is always following the trail of chance and randomness. One purpose of the book is to go cross-country, to show that there are connected ways of thinking that disrespect boundaries and cut across the domains of finance, and gambling, and genetics, and public health, and creativity. Through it, one visits the vantage points that give a broad view of the landscape and sees how these different areas of life and knowledge are connected - through chance. What are the Chances of That? discusses chance and the importance of understanding how it affects our lives. It goes beyond a mathematical approach to the subject, showing how our thinking about chance and uncertainty has been shaped by history and culture, and only relatively recently by the mathematical theory of probability. In considering how we think about uncertainty, Elliott proposes five “dualities” that encapsulate many of the ambiguities that arise.
Author: Amos Golan Publisher: Oxford University Press ISBN: 0199349525 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 489
Book Description
Info-metrics is the science of modeling, reasoning, and drawing inferences under conditions of noisy and insufficient information. It is at the intersection of information theory, statistical inference, and decision-making under uncertainty. It plays an important role in helping make informed decisions even when there is inadequate or incomplete information because it provides a framework to process available information with minimal reliance on assumptions that cannot be validated. In this pioneering book, Amos Golan, a leader in info-metrics, focuses on unifying information processing, modeling and inference within a single constrained optimization framework. Foundations of Info-Metrics provides an overview of modeling and inference, rather than a problem specific model, and progresses from the simple premise that information is often insufficient to provide a unique answer for decisions we wish to make. Each decision, or solution, is derived from the available input information along with a choice of inferential procedure. The book contains numerous multidisciplinary applications and case studies, which demonstrate the simplicity and generality of the framework in real world settings. Examples include initial diagnosis at an emergency room, optimal dose decisions, election forecasting, network and information aggregation, weather pattern analyses, portfolio allocation, strategy inference for interacting entities, incorporation of prior information, option pricing, and modeling an interacting social system. Graphical representations illustrate how results can be visualized while exercises and problem sets facilitate extensions. This book is this designed to be accessible for researchers, graduate students, and practitioners across the disciplines.
Author: Nikola Kajtez Publisher: Cambridge Scholars Publishing ISBN: 1527550796 Category : Philosophy Languages : en Pages : 290
Book Description
This book positions entropy and creativity as key philosophical categories and presents the action of entropy and the notion of creativity on the informational, natural-scientific, social-humanistic and metaphysical levels. In this sense, the book expands the scale of the civilization envisioned by Nikolai Kardashev and Carl Sagan; deepens the readership’s understanding of the anthropic principle and the paradigm concept; provides a layered explanation and solution to the Fermi paradox; corrects the parameters of the Drake equation; explores singularity outside of the traditional framework of this term and points to the philosophical potential of such an expansion; and presents a unique chain of being — from elementary information to the totality of all possible worlds.
Author: Alex Ely Kossovsky Publisher: World Scientific ISBN: 9814583707 Category : Mathematics Languages : en Pages : 672
Book Description
Contrary to common intuition that all digits should occur randomly with equal chances in real data, empirical examinations consistently show that not all digits are created equal, but rather that low digits such as {1, 2, 3} occur much more frequently than high digits such as {7, 8, 9} in almost all data types, such as those relating to geology, chemistry, astronomy, physics, and engineering, as well as in accounting, financial, econometrics, and demographics data sets. This intriguing digital phenomenon is known as Benford's Law.This book gives a comprehensive and in-depth account of all the theoretical aspects, results, causes and explanations of Benford's Law, with a strong emphasis on the connection to real-life data and the physical manifestation of the law. In addition to such a bird's eye view of the digital phenomenon, the conceptual distinctions between digits, numbers, and quantities are explored; leading to the key finding that the phenomenon is actually quantitative in nature; originating from the fact that in extreme generality, nature creates many small quantities but very few big quantities, corroborating the motto 'small is beautiful', and that therefore all this is applicable just as well to data written in the ancient Roman, Mayan, Egyptian, and other digit-less civilizations.Fraudsters are typically not aware of this digital pattern and tend to invent numbers with approximately equal digital frequencies. The digital analyst can easily check reported data for compliance with this digital law, enabling the detection of tax evasion, Ponzi schemes, and other financial scams. The forensic fraud detection section in this book is written in a very concise and reader-friendly style; gathering all known methods and standards in the accounting and auditing industry; summarizing and fusing them into a singular coherent whole; and can be understood without deep knowledge in statistical theory or advanced mathematics. In addition, a digital algorithm is presented, enabling the auditor to detect fraud even when the sophisticated cheater is aware of the law and invents numbers accordingly. The algorithm employs a subtle inner digital pattern within the Benford's pattern itself. This newly discovered pattern is deemed to be nearly universal, being even more prevalent than the Benford phenomenon, as it is found in all random data sets, Benford as well as non-Benford types.
Author: Frank J. Furrer Publisher: Springer ISBN: 3658199385 Category : Computers Languages : en Pages : 395
Book Description
This book focuses on software architecture and the value of architecture in the development of long-lived, mission-critical, trustworthy software-systems. The author introduces and demonstrates the powerful strategy of “Managed Evolution,” along with the engineering best practice known as “Principle-based Architecting.” The book examines in detail architecture principles for e.g., Business Value, Changeability, Resilience, and Dependability. The author argues that the software development community has a strong responsibility to produce and operate useful, dependable, and trustworthy software. Software should at the same time provide business value and guarantee many quality-of-service properties, including security, safety, performance, and integrity. As Dr. Furrer states, “Producing dependable software is a balancing act between investing in the implementation of business functionality and investing in the quality-of-service properties of the software-systems.” The book presents extensive coverage of such concepts as: Principle-Based Architecting Managed Evolution Strategy The Future Principles for Business Value Legacy Software Modernization/Migration Architecture Principles for Changeability Architecture Principles for Resilience Architecture Principles for Dependability The text is supplemented with numerous figures, tables, examples and illustrative quotations. Future-Proof Software-Systems provides a set of good engineering practices, devised for integration into most software development processes dedicated to the creation of software-systems that incorporate Managed Evolution.
Author: Petteri Hannila Publisher: Next Chapter ISBN: Category : Games & Activities Languages : en Pages : 142
Book Description
Tales of Entropy is a story game for 2-6 players. Each player takes a central role in depicting a dramatic scenario that sets the scene for murder and romance, friendship and conflict. The central characters are set against each other from the start, but it is up to the players—and the dice—whether the tense starting situation spirals into chaos and destruction or a blaze of glory at the end. The game is based on a pre-written scenario, on top of which the players build a rich tapestry of content according to their own vision, creating a unique play experience. Each playthrough takes around 2-3 sessions, about 10 hours of playtime. You can play one of the many scenarios created by the other players, or write your own, it is easy and fun. You can send your work to be included in the online scenario database and share your ingenuity with the world. The game book includes ten scenarios ready to play out of the box: Want to tell a tale of power, war and love from the Viking Age, or experience an adventure of Sherlock Holmes in the exotic Limehouse? How about joining a struggling rock band near a breakthrough in the 90s, or defending a child with special needs against an obsessive FBI agent. The choice is yours.
Author: Peter Pink-Howitt Publisher: Peter Pink-Howitt ISBN: Category : Philosophy Languages : en Pages : 481
Book Description
A poetic and philosophical meditation on life and the importance of unusualness and diversity of life-forms, ideas, cultures, peoples and species. The book explores key themes of AI, freedom and free will, cooperation and competition, sacrifice and suffering. I have also created over 50 algorithmic artworks for the book. Life-forms are extraordinarily useful and unusual engines that make use of free energy to create complexity and information. We have many good reasons to value and protect the maximal compatible diversity of life-forms and species.
Author: Ian Stewart Publisher: Profile Books ISBN: 178283401X Category : Mathematics Languages : en Pages : 292
Book Description
Uncertainty is everywhere. It lurks in every consideration of the future - the weather, the economy, the sex of an unborn child - even quantities we think that we know such as populations or the transit of the planets contain the possibility of error. It's no wonder that, throughout that history, we have attempted to produce rigidly defined areas of uncertainty - we prefer the surprise party to the surprise asteroid. We began our quest to make certain an uncertain world by reading omens in livers, tea leaves, and the stars. However, over the centuries, driven by curiosity, competition, and a desire be better gamblers, pioneering mathematicians and scientists began to reduce wild uncertainties to tame distributions of probability and statistical inferences. But, even as unknown unknowns became known unknowns, our pessimism made us believe that some problems were unsolvable and our intuition misled us. Worse, as we realized how omnipresent and varied uncertainty is, we encountered chaos, quantum mechanics, and the limitations of our predictive power. Bestselling author Professor Ian Stewart explores the history and mathematics of uncertainty. Touching on gambling, probability, statistics, financial and weather forecasts, censuses, medical studies, chaos, quantum physics, and climate, he makes one thing clear: a reasonable probability is the only certainty.
Author: Edward Beltrami Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 1071607995 Category : Mathematics Languages : en Pages : 192
Book Description
In this fascinating book, mathematician Ed Beltrami takes a close enough look at randomness to make it mysteriously disappear. The results of coin tosses, it turns out, are determined from the start, and only our incomplete knowledge makes them look random. "Random" sequences of numbers are more elusive, but Godels undecidability theorem informs us that we will never know. Those familiar with quantum indeterminacy assert that order is an illusion, and that the world is fundamentally random. Yet randomness is also an illusion. Perhaps order and randomness, like waves and particles, are only two sides of the same (tossed) coin.
Author: Oded Kafri
Author: Oded Kafri
Author: Andrew C. A. Elliott
Author: Amos Golan
Author: Nikola Kajtez
Author: Alex Ely Kossovsky
Author: Frank J. Furrer
Author: Petteri Hannila
Author: Peter Pink-Howitt
Author: Ian Stewart
Author: Edward Beltrami