Entropy Based China Income Distributions and Inequality Measures PDF Download

Author: Sofia Berto Villas-Boas
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 24

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Book Description
We use entropy based methods on a sample of household income data from the 2005 Chinese Inter-Census as a basis for summarizing the income data in the form of a probability density function(PDF), and to obtain measures of income inequality. We estimate the income probability density functions using information theoretic entropy based divergence measures and recover the corresponding inequality measures for each of China's provinces. In the entropy criterion-measure we seek a probability density function solution that is as close to a uniform PDF-distribution of income (an equal distribution with the least inequality), as the micro sample data will permit. These entropy measures reflect cross sectional measures of income inequality and reflect how the province level economic behavioral system is functioning and how the allocation and distribution systems is performing. Finally we use a sample of data from the China Family Panel Study to recover an estimate of the income PDF for China in 2016.

Author: Sofia Berto Villas-Boas
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 34

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Book Description
In this paper, instead of likelihood based methods that are fragile under model uncertainty, we use entropy based methods on time-ordered household income data to recover income distribution information on European countries and obtain income inequality estimates. For information recovery, we use a family of information theoretic entropy based divergence measures to obtain income probability density functions and the corresponding inequality measures, which reflect how European country based behavioral systems are functioning, how the allocation and distribution systems are performing, and in terms of dynamics, how the economic system has changed over time.

Author: Sofia Villas-Boas
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

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Author: Kanbur, Ravi
Publisher: Intl Food Policy Res Inst
ISBN:
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 32

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Book Description
The high level of inequality in China has been a focus of interest for policy makers and researchers. However, few studies have evaluated the trend since 2010. With changes in the economic structure and new policy tools introduced in recent years, a revisit of Chinese inequality should give us the latest information about its evolution and the impacts of these economic and policy changes on income distribution. This paper argues that after a quarter century of sharp and sustained increase, Chinese inequality is now plateauing and even turning down. The argument is made using a range of data sources and a range of measures and perspectives on inequality. The evolution of inequality is further examined through decomposition by income source and population subgroup. Some preliminary explanations are provided for these trends in terms of shifts in policy and the structural transformation of the Chinese economy. The narrative on Chinese inequality now needs to focus on the reasons for this great turnaround.

Author: G. Wan
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 023058425X
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 316

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Book Description
This book explores trends of inequality and poverty in China, identifies their causes and assesses their consequences, analyzing in detail the regional/personal variation in incomes, measures of human wellbeing, the gap between the coastal regions and the interior regions, and urban–rural disparity.

Author: Ms.Sonali Jain-Chandra
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN: 1484357531
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 31

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Book Description
China has experienced rapid economic growth over the past two decades and is on the brink of eradicating poverty. However, income inequality increased sharply from the early 1980s and rendered China among the most unequal countries in the world. This trend has started to reverse as China has experienced a modest decline in inequality since 2008. This paper identifies various drivers behind these trends – including structural changes such as urbanization and aging and, more recently, policy initiatives to combat it. It finds that policies will need to play an important role in curbing inequality in the future, as projected structural trends will put further strain on equity considerations. In particular, fiscal policy reforms have the potential to enhance inclusiveness and equity, both on the tax and expenditure side.

Author: Guanghua Wan
Publisher: Oxford University Press on Demand
ISBN: 0199535191
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 236

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Book Description
This volume provides comprehensive, up to date coverage of inequality and poverty issues in China. Going beyond standard data sources and using state-of-art research techniques, this volume substantiates a number of findings and conclusions and ensures policy recommendations are reliable and robust.

Author: Martin Ravallion
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN:
Category : China
Languages : en
Pages : 42

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Book Description
March 1998 Household survey data show income inequality increasing in post-reform rural China-but this may reflect methods used to process data rather than the real effect of structural changes on China's rural economy. Official tabulations from household survey data suggest rising income inequality in post-reform rural China, a trend of public concern. But the structural changes in China's rural economy have not been properly reflected in the methods used to process raw survey data. Using micro data for four provinces, Ravallion and Chen find that two-thirds of the conventionally measured increase in inequality in 1985-90 vanishes when market-based valuation methods are used and allowances are made for regional cost-of-living differences. The data revisions also suggest somewhat different explanations for rising inequality. Nonfarm income was secondary to grain production. While access to farm land was relatively equal, higher returns to land over time were inequality-increasing. But holding other factors constant, lower returns to physical capital reduced inequality over time, as did private transfers. This paper-a product of the Development Research Group-is part of a larger effort in the group to improve data on poverty and inequality in developing countries. The study was funded by the Bank's Research Support Budget under the research project Dynamics of Poverty in Rural China. Martin Ravallion may be contacted at [email protected].

Author: Terry Sicular
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN: 019007793X
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 457

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Book Description
"This work provides a new, comprehensive, and empirically grounded study of household incomes in China that critically examines the long-term rise and recent apparent decline in inequality. It covers incomes and inequality nationwide as well as separately in the urban and rural sectors, with close attention to measurement issues and to underlying changes in the economy, institutions, and public policy. The chapters examine a range of related topics, including the inequality of wealth, the emergence of a new middle class, the income gap between the Han and the ethnic minorities, the gender wage gap, and the impacts of government policies, such as social welfare programs and the minimum wage. A distinguishing feature of the book is its use of data from the China Household Income Project (CHIP), a collaborative, international research project that has organized nationwide household surveys spanning 1988, 1995, 2002, 2007, and, most recently, 2013. The CHIP data make possible to provide a consistent picture of the evolution of China's income and inequality from the late 1980s to the beginning of the Xi Jinping era. Analyses of the 2013 CHIP data, with comparisons to findings from past rounds of the survey, reveal new trends in China's inequality"--

Author: Zongsheng Chen
Publisher: Nova Publishers
ISBN: 9781594540080
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 438

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Book Description
The book is concerned with research on income distribution inequality of Chinese residents in the last 20 years of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21th century. Measuring and making clear the status of inequality of every consisting parts of normal income of Chinese residents is an important concept. First, on the basis of the statistical data and the estimated data, as well as several kinds of methods that are used to calculate income inequality and suited for the available data, the authors computed the population-income Gini Coefficients of normal income inequality respectively for China's national, urban and rural areas. Second, by using urban/rural income ratio, Theil index and others, they measured the status and trends of Chinese urban/rural gap and regional income disparity, as well as their influence on the whole income inequality. Third, by case study and decomposition analysis some main factors, which had impacts on income inequality of urban and rural residents in China, and their influence, were researched. Fourth, the authors studied and measured the status and changes of the poor population and poverty rates in rural and urban areas in China. Fifth, the trend of inequality of normal income of Chinese residents was predicted at large, and the status of distribution inequality of Chinese residents was judged.