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Author: Xiangchao Meng Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
The basis of prosperity of 20th centrury is oil. As oil is going to be used up, people need to find alternatives to meet the earth's energy demand in 21st centrury. For each second, there are about 1.2×1017 J energy hitting the earth. The energy in 1 hour of sunlight is about 4.32×1020 J, which almost meets the energy consumed on earth in 2016. It determines solar energy may be a potential candidate to solve the energy crisis. As for techniques to utilize solar energy, the most popular one is using photovoltaic (PV) cells. PV cell is a device to convert solar energy into electricity. There are also some other techniques trying to utilize solar energy. Photocatalysis is one of them, which is to convert solar energy into chemical energy. Applications of photocatalysis have extended from hydrogen evolution via water splitting to environemtnal remediation, CO2/ N2 reduction and so on. Photocatalysis, as an advanced oxidation process, has been extensively studied and applied to the purification and remediation of contaminated water and wastewater, and exhibits advantages over conventional treatment technologies. When considering solar energy as an energy source for photocatalysis, it is key to prepare visible light-responsive materials. Bismuth-based semiconductors are promising materials as visible light-responsive photocatalysts primarily due to their suitable band gaps, well-dispersed valence bands, and commercial availabilities at reasonable costs, as well as the possibility of preparing them under mild conditions. Recent work focusing on the preparation, characterization and activity testing of bismuth-based photo-active materials as well as their associated photoreactor designs are introduced herein. In order to enhance the photocatalytic activities of the new materials, different precursors, additives, preparation procedures and process parameters, as well as surface treatments were explored to obtain binary and ternary heterostructures, with different doping, surface modification, nanoparticle sizes and morphologies. It was found that formation of heterojunction and loading metal nanoparticle on the surface are very effective to imrove the photocatalytic activity of the support. In this work, we found that palladium nanoparticles modified BiVO4 exhibited excellent activity in the decomposition of phenol, which was even higher than TiO2. To facilitate the separation process of catalysis particels from a slurry system, magnetically separable composites were also prepared, and it was found that it is very effective to remove the particles from the slurry system using external magnets. To further scale up this process, two different types of immbolized photoreactors (flat-plate and packed beads photoreactor) were also developed. Suggestions were made for further work in this research area.
Author: Xiangchao Meng Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
The basis of prosperity of 20th centrury is oil. As oil is going to be used up, people need to find alternatives to meet the earth's energy demand in 21st centrury. For each second, there are about 1.2×1017 J energy hitting the earth. The energy in 1 hour of sunlight is about 4.32×1020 J, which almost meets the energy consumed on earth in 2016. It determines solar energy may be a potential candidate to solve the energy crisis. As for techniques to utilize solar energy, the most popular one is using photovoltaic (PV) cells. PV cell is a device to convert solar energy into electricity. There are also some other techniques trying to utilize solar energy. Photocatalysis is one of them, which is to convert solar energy into chemical energy. Applications of photocatalysis have extended from hydrogen evolution via water splitting to environemtnal remediation, CO2/ N2 reduction and so on. Photocatalysis, as an advanced oxidation process, has been extensively studied and applied to the purification and remediation of contaminated water and wastewater, and exhibits advantages over conventional treatment technologies. When considering solar energy as an energy source for photocatalysis, it is key to prepare visible light-responsive materials. Bismuth-based semiconductors are promising materials as visible light-responsive photocatalysts primarily due to their suitable band gaps, well-dispersed valence bands, and commercial availabilities at reasonable costs, as well as the possibility of preparing them under mild conditions. Recent work focusing on the preparation, characterization and activity testing of bismuth-based photo-active materials as well as their associated photoreactor designs are introduced herein. In order to enhance the photocatalytic activities of the new materials, different precursors, additives, preparation procedures and process parameters, as well as surface treatments were explored to obtain binary and ternary heterostructures, with different doping, surface modification, nanoparticle sizes and morphologies. It was found that formation of heterojunction and loading metal nanoparticle on the surface are very effective to imrove the photocatalytic activity of the support. In this work, we found that palladium nanoparticles modified BiVO4 exhibited excellent activity in the decomposition of phenol, which was even higher than TiO2. To facilitate the separation process of catalysis particels from a slurry system, magnetically separable composites were also prepared, and it was found that it is very effective to remove the particles from the slurry system using external magnets. To further scale up this process, two different types of immbolized photoreactors (flat-plate and packed beads photoreactor) were also developed. Suggestions were made for further work in this research area.
Author: Seema Garg Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 3031277074 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 483
Book Description
This book explores the modification of various synthesis processes to enhance the photocatalytic activity in varied applications in the fields of environmental remediation and energy production. It outlines the enhancement of photocatalytic activity via alloys synthesis, thin film coatings, electro-spun nanofibers and 3D printed photocatalysts. The book further states the diverse applications of materials for degrading organic pollutants and airborne pathogens, improving indoor air quality and as a potential antimicrobial agent. The application of photocatalysts in green organic synthesis, biomedical field and in hydrogen evolution are also presented in the book. It covers theoretical studies of photocatalytic material and conversion of CO2 to value added chemical feed stocks. The book is of relevance to researchers in academia and industry alike in the fields of material science, environmental science & technology, photocatalytic applications and in energy generation and conversion.
Author: Hairus Abdullah Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 9811967482 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 328
Book Description
This book highlights sustainable methods with photocatalytic activities to remediate environment and for energy conversion. The related photocatalytic materials are discussed in detail. Some significant photocatalytic applications in degrading industrial pollutants that include different organic dyes, purifying the polluted air, converting CO2 to alcohol fuels, storing energy from sunlight as ammonia by converting N2 to NH3, and splitting water by optimizing the oxygen evolution process are thoroughly elucidated. The chapters introduce the necessary materials and results, leading to a better conceptualization in order to work in the field of photocatalysis. Some related perspectives and outlooks are discussed in the last chapter for possible future developments.
Author: Alagarsamy Pandikumar Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 1119529840 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 400
Book Description
A comprehensive volume on photocatalytic functional materials for environmental remediation As the need for removing large amounts of pollution and contamination in air, soil, and water grows, emerging technologies in the field of environmental remediation are of increasing importance. The use of photocatalysis—a green technology with enormous potential to resolve the issues related to environmental pollution—breaks down toxic organic compounds to mineralized products such as carbon dioxide and water. Due to their high performance, ease of fabrication, long-term stability, and low manufacturing costs, photofunctional materials constructed from nanocomposite materials hold great potential for environmental remediation. Photocatalytic Functional Materials for Environmental Remediation examines the development of high performance photofunctional materials for the treatment of environmental pollutants. This timely volume assembles and reviews a broad range of ideas from leading experts in fields of chemistry, physics, nanotechnology, materials science, and engineering. Precise, up-to-date chapters cover both the fundamentals and applications of photocatalytic functional materials. Semiconductor-metal nanocomposites, layered double hydroxides, metal-organic frameworks, polymer nanocomposites, and other photofunctional materials are examined in applications such as carbon dioxide reduction and organic pollutant degradation. Providing interdisciplinary focus to green technology materials for the treatment of environmental pollutants, this important work: Provides comprehensive coverage of various photocatalytic materials for environmental remediation useful for researchers and developers Encompasses both fundamental concepts and applied technology in the field Focuses on novel design and application of photocatalytic materials used for the removal of environmental contaminates and pollution Offers in-depth examination of highly topical green-technology solutions Presents an interdisciplinary approach to environmental remediation Photocatalytic Functional Materials for Environmental Remediation is a vital resource for researchers, engineers, and graduate students in the multi-disciplinary areas of chemistry, physics, nanotechnology, environmental science, materials science, and engineering related to photocatalytic environmental remediation.
Author: Ying Zhou Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand ISBN: 1789232627 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 231
Book Description
Bismuth (Bi) is a post-transition metal element with the atomic number of 83, which belongs to the pnictogen group elements in Period 6 in the elemental periodic table. As a heavy metal, the hazard of Bi is unusually low in contrast to its neighbors Pb and Sb. This property, along with other typical characteristics like strong diamagnetism and low thermal conductivity, makes Bi attractive in industrial applications. There are more than 100 commercial bismuth products, from pharmaceutical to industrial catalysts. Based on the wide applications of Bi materials, this book goes further and mainly focuses on the potential uses of Bi-based materials, which consist of nine chapters. In addition, a special chapter concerning the defect in bismuth is also presented.
Author: Swatantra P. Singh Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 9811632561 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 341
Book Description
p="" This monograph focuses on recent development of nanomaterials and nanocomposites for pollution measurement and their control in water, air, and soil. The contents incorporate carbon-based, metal-based, and metal-organic framework based nanomaterials and nanocomposites for emerging contaminants (pharmaceuticals and personal care products) degradation, disinfection, and other traditional pollutants degradation and removal. The book also offers updated literature for researchers and academicians working in the field of environmental remediation by nanomaterials. Readers will learn about different metal and non-metal based nanoparticles for environmental remediation. It will be a useful guide for professionals, and post-graduate students involved in material science & engineering, chemical engineering and environmental nanotechnology research. ^
Author: Dionysios D Dionysiou Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry ISBN: 1782627103 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 395
Book Description
From environmental remediation to alternative fuels, this book explores the numerous important applications of photocatalysis. The book covers topics such as the photocatalytic processes in the treatment of water and air; the fundamentals of solar photocatalysis; the challenges involved in developing self-cleaning photocatalytic materials; photocatalytic hydrogen generation; photocatalysts in the synthesis of chemicals; and photocatalysis in food packaging and biomedical and medical applications. The book also critically discusses concepts for the future of photocatalysis, providing a fascinating insight for researchers. Together with Photocatalysis: Fundamentals and Perspectives, these volumes provide a complete overview to photocatalysis.
Author: Inamuddin Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 303054723X Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 443
Book Description
In the context of climate change and fossil fuel pollution, solar energy appears as a cheap and sustainable fuel for many environmental applications, yet the efficiency of techniques has to be improved. This book reviews recent methods and applications of photocatalysis for the treatment of wastewater containing bacteria, heavy metals, organic pollutants, dyes and tannery effluents. Basics of water pollution, polluted river ecosystems and membranes are also detailed.
Author: Xiangchao Meng
Author: Xiangchao Meng
Author: Seema Garg
Author: Hairus Abdullah
Author: Alagarsamy Pandikumar
Author: Ying Zhou
Author: Panneerselvam Sathishkumar
Author: Swatantra P. Singh
Author: Dionysios D Dionysiou
Author: Inamuddin
Author: Liang Kong