Author: Manik Joshi Publisher: Manik Joshi ISBN: Category : Juvenile Nonfiction Languages : en Pages : 94
Book Description
Rewrite the Sentences in the correct word order – EXERCISES -- Sentences With ‘Past Verbs’, Sentences With ‘Present Verbs’, Sentences with the verb ‘BE’ [Am, Is, Are, Was, Were], Sentences With Verb ‘Do’ [Do, Does, Did], Sentences With Verb ‘HAVE’ [Have, Has, Had], Sentences With ‘Modal Verbs’, Causative Sentences, Conditional Sentences, Correlation/Comparison In A Sentence, Sentences With Verb ‘Get’, and other exercises Sample This: Rewrite the following Sentences in the correct word order: [1A. Sentences With ‘Past Verbs’ – 1 – 10] 1A. ‘Past Verbs’ – 01 - 10 (Exercise 01) Rewrite the following Sentences in the correct word order: WRONG ORDER 01. ‘Gang war’ to a two-way gun led battle. 02. Bomb left scare in the city residents in panic. 03. Government today the opposition the for reached cooperation. 04. He bleeding in the developed lungs. 05. He police a plea for witnesses to contact issued the. 06. He to break free and managed raised an alarm. 07. He open to cut the managed steel vault. 08. He strongly of smelt alcohol. 09. He after hearing noises woke up from his sleep in the wee hours of Monday from another room in his house. 10. Heavy stormed police force the market area. ANSWERS TO THE EXERCISE 1A (CORRECT WORD ORDER) 01. ‘Gang war’ led to a two-way gun battle. 02. Bomb scare in the city left residents in panic. 03. The government today reached the opposition for cooperation. 04. He developed bleeding in the lungs. 05. He issued a plea for witnesses to contact the police. 06. He managed to break free and raised an alarm. 07. He managed to cut open the steel vault. 08. He smelt strongly of alcohol. 09. He woke up from his sleep after hearing noises in the wee hours of Monday from another room in his house. 10. Heavy police force stormed the market area. 1B. ‘Past Verbs’ – 11 - 20 (Exercise 02) Rewrite the following Sentences in the correct word order: WRONG ORDER 11. His us to led bust arrest another racket. 12. His grew back hair. 13. The inspector detailed general discussions with held officials. 14. Them neighbors as quiet, religious and knew ‘normal’. 15. Police all three on the day arrested the case in the matter was brought to their notice. 16. Power officials $1 million in payments collected and fines. 17. The president media to a volley of questions replied by the persons. 18. She stop her lip to bit herself crying. 19. She wearing from the plane the printed descended dress, teamed with a matching coat and black pumps. 20. She window him to a tied with a nylon cord. ANSWERS TO THE EXERCISE 1B (CORRECT WORD ORDER) 11. His arrest led us to bust another racket. 12. His hair grew back. 13. The inspector general held detailed discussions with officials. 14. Neighbors knew them as quiet, religious and ‘normal’. 15. Police arrested all three on the day the case in the matter was brought to their notice. 16. Power officials collected $1 million in payments and fines. 17. The president replied to a volley of questions by the media persons. 18. She bit her lip to stop herself crying. 19. She descended from the plane wearing the printed dress, teamed with a matching coat and black pumps. 20. She tied him to a window with a nylon cord.
Author: Manik Joshi Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform ISBN: 9781517562441 Category : Languages : en Pages : 100
Book Description
Sample This: Rewrite the following Sentences in Correct order: [1A. Sentences With 'Past Verbs' - 1 - 25] 1A. 'Past Verbs' - 01 - 10 (Exercise 01) - Rewrite the following Sentences in Correct word-order: WRONG ORDER - 01. 'Gang war' to a two-way gun led battle. 02. Bomb left scare in city residents in panic. 03. Government today the to the opposition for reached cooperation. 04. He bleeding in the developed lungs. 05. He police a plea for witnesses to contact issued the. 06. He to break free and managed raised an alarm. 07. He open to cut the managed steel vault. 08. He strongly of smelt alcohol. 09. He after hearing noises woke up from his sleep in the wee hours of Monday from another room in his house. 10. Heavy stormed police force the market area. ANSWERS TO THE EXERCISE 1A (CORRECT ORDER)-- 01. 'Gang war' led to a two-way gun battle. 02. Bomb scare in city left residents in panic. 03. The government today reached to the opposition for cooperation. 04. He developed bleeding in the lungs. 05. He issued a plea for witnesses to contact the police. 06. He managed to break free and raised an alarm. 07. He managed to cut open the steel vault. 08. He smelt strongly of alcohol. 09. He woke up from his sleep after hearing noises in the wee hours of Monday from another room in his house. 10. Heavy police force stormed the market area. 1B. 'Past Verbs' - 11 - 20 (Exercise 02) -- Rewrite the following Sentences in Correct word-order: WRONG ORDER --11. His us to led bust arrest another racket. 12. His grew back hair. 13. Inspector detailed general discussions with held officials. 14. Them neighbor as quiet, religious and knew 'normal'. 15. Police all three on the day arrested the case in the matter was brought to their noticed. 16. Power officials $1 million in payments collected and fines. 17. The president media to a volley of questions replied by the persons. 18. She stop her lip to bit herself crying. 19. She wearing from plane the printed descended dress, teamed with a matching coat and black pumps. 20. She window him to a tied with a nylon cord. ANSWERS TO THE EXERCISE 1B (CORRECT ORDER) -- 11. His arrest led us to bust another racket. 12. His hair grew back. 13. Inspector general held detailed discussions with officials. 14. Neighbor knew them as quiet, religious and 'normal'. 15. Police arrested all three on the day the case in the matter was brought to their noticed. 16. Power officials collected $1 million in payments and fines. 17. The president replied to a volley of questions by the media persons. 18. She bit her lip to stop herself crying. 19. She descended from plane wearing the printed dress, teamed with a matching coat and black pumps. 20. She tied him to a window with a nylon cord.
Author: Phil Williams Publisher: English Lessons Brighton ISBN: 1913468011 Category : Foreign Language Study Languages : en Pages : 124
Book Description
Want to master the basics of English structure? Do you fully understand 'subject-verb-object'? Can you rearrange clauses confidently? This book explains all. A complete foundation in word order and sentence structure for the English language, Word Order in English Sentences is a full self-study guide that takes you from the basic rules through to flexible structures. As well as learning the standard building blocks of English, you'll find the answers to positioning adverbial phrases building complex sentences, with exercises to test understanding. The rules and patterns are all demonstrated through easy-to-follow explanations with clear, engaging examples. This concise grammar guide is a must-have for starting students and language enthusiasts alike. Phil Williams takes you beyond the basics to make advanced English accessible for everyone - try it today.
Author: Manik Joshi Publisher: Manik Joshi ISBN: Category : Study Aids Languages : en Pages : 67
Book Description
Numerous ‘Fill in the blank’ Exercises for Improving your Vocabulary; Enter Correct Word in a Sentence Sample This: 01. The decision to expel them has put the lives of their kids in j _ _ _ _ _ _ y. 02. He dismissed s _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ s about his political ambitions. 03. He forced the Board to a _ _ _ _ _ n its working committee meeting last week. 04. She rushed to the spot after hearing the s _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ g of car wheels and the commotion. 05. Intelligence agencies had failed to gauge the m _ _ _ _ _ _ _ e of the crisis and did not act in time. 06. It requires a lot of hard work to c _ _ _ _ _ _ _ e flowers since they have a limited shelf-life. 07. O _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ n of women is a universal issue that has nothing to do with a certain nationality. 08. Protestors have agreed not to e _ _ _ _ _ _ e their agitation for the next 10 days. 09. Rainfall continued in many parts for the second c _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ e day. 10. The roof of her house had weakened by the recent spate of i _ _ _ _ _ _ _ t rainfall. 11. Several appeals are pending and many convicts are l _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ g in jails. 12. Several localities received electricity for only a few hours and were p _ _ _ _ _ d into darkness for the most part of the night. 13. Suddenly the tables started t _ _ _ _ _ _ _ g and paintings on the wall fell on the ground. 14. Tenders will be f _ _ _ _ _ d soon so that companies may be allotted the work by the next month-end. 15. The prices of vegetables shot up e _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ y in the recent past. 16. Their g _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ s are being addressed by officials concerned. 17. There is a need to t _ _ _ _ _ _ _ m all the negativity into positivity. 18. Water-logging caused many low-lying areas to be s _ _ _ _ _ _ _ d underwater, leading to traffic snarls. 19. We believe funds should be d _ _ _ _ _ _ _ d among those who really need it. 20. Wet and chilly weather h _ _ _ _ _ _ d relief work. ANSWERS 01. jeopardy | 02. speculations | 03. abandon | 04. screeching | 05. magnitude | 06. cultivate | 07. oppression | 08. escalate | 09. consecutive | 10. incessant | 11. languishing | 12. plunged | 13. trembling | 14. floated | 15. exorbitantly | 16. grievances | 17. transform | 18. submerged | 19. disbursed | 20. hampered
Author: Manik Joshi Publisher: Manik Joshi ISBN: Category : Language Arts & Disciplines Languages : en Pages : 28
Book Description
REVISED EDITION -- FEB 20, 2016 -- Sentence forms in English language - simple sentence, compound sentence, complex sentence, compound-complex sentence | phrases and clauses | independent or principal clause (main clause), dependent or subordinate clause | list of important coordinators and transitional expressions (transitional words or phrases) for compound sentences | list of important subordinators for complex sentences | double and multiple sentences | definition and examples of simple, compound and complex sentences
Author: Manik Joshi Publisher: Manik Joshi ISBN: Category : Language Arts & Disciplines Languages : en Pages : 70
Book Description
This Book Covers The Following Topics: How to End a Sentence How to End a Sentence -- Using ‘ADJECTIVES’ How to End a Sentence -- Using ‘ADVERBS’ How to End a Sentence -- Using ‘-LY WORDS’ How to End a Sentence -- Using ‘To-Infinitive How to End a Sentence -- Using ‘VERB WORDS’ How to End a Sentence -- Using ‘ING’ FORM of VERBS How to End a Sentence -- Using ‘Past and Past Participle form of Verbs’ How to End a Sentence -- Using ‘Linking/Auxiliary/Modal Verbs’ How to End a Sentence -- Using ‘NOUNS’ How to End a Sentence -- Using ‘PRONOUNS’ How to End a Sentence -- Using ‘IDIOMS/PHRASES’ How to End a Sentence -- Using ‘PREPOSITIONS’ How to End a Sentence -- Miscellaneous Exercises: 1(A) and 1(B) Exercises: 2(A) and 2(B) Sample This: There are different ways to end a sentence in English. There are various words that are widely used to end a sentence. They might be adjectives, adverbs, nouns or pronouns. They might also be words formed from verbs, ending in –ing, -ed, -en, etc. Besides, prepositions, idioms, and phrases are also used to end a sentence. Here, you will learn various words and phrases to end a sentence with. How to END a sentence -- Using ‘ADJECTIVES’ Available -- The daily need items are easily available. Comfortable -- He has been making all possible efforts to make my life comfortable. Complacent -- We must not be complacent. Condemnable -- Instances of people throwing stones at doctors are condemnable. Contagious -- Corona-virus is highly contagious. Distant -- People are not created to be socially distant. Infectious -- Many viruses are highly infectious. Informed -- Be fully informed. Needy -- Schools were used as food distribution centers for the needy. Pessimistic -- Don’t be pessimistic. Spectacular -- The view and the natural surroundings of the lake were spectacular. Technological -- Every country needs to take special care to avoid any attack, be it biological or technological. Unpardonable -- His acts are unpardonable. Unprecedented -- The situation is unprecedented. How to END a sentence -- Using ‘-Ly Words’ Actually -- Life is a circus actually. Considerably -- The cancellations of hotel bookings are likely to dent their revenue considerably. Deeply -- Think more deeply. Drastically -- The rate of sample collection increased drastically. Effectively -- Students should organize their time more effectively. Efficiently -- Sharing responsibility and burdens help us reach our objective more efficiently. Harshly -- We all have fears of being judged harshly. Physically -- Challenge yourself physically. Repeatedly -- Wash your hands repeatedly. Separately -- Police had made arrangements to accommodate the accused separately. Smoothly -- Ensure that all employees have the technical skills needed to perform the job smoothly. Steadily -- The number of those visiting tourist places has been increasing steadily. Urgently -- This matter should be looked into urgently.
Author: Manik Joshi Publisher: Manik Joshi ISBN: Category : Juvenile Nonfiction Languages : en Pages : 55
Book Description
This Book Covers The Following Topics: 1. AS---AS 1A. AS EARLY AS 1B. AS FAR AS 1C. AS LONG AS 1D. AS MANY AS 1E. AS MUCH AS 1F. AS SOON AS 1G. AS WELL AS 2. EITHER---OR 3. NEITHER---NOR 4. WHETHER---OR 5. BARELY/HARDLY/SCARCELY---WHEN 6. NO SOONER---THAN 7. RATHER---THAN 8. NOT ONLY---BUT ALSO 9. ALTHOUGH---YET 10. TOO---TO 11. BETWEEN---AND 12. BOTH---AND 13. SO THAT 14. UNLESS 15. UNTIL 16. OTHERS Exercises: 1(A) and 1(B) Exercises: 2(A) and 2(B) Exercises: 3(A) and 3(B) Sample This: 1. AS---AS Correlative Words connect two equal grammatical items. They link words, phrases, and clauses. They are generally used in the form of pair of words and are popularly called correlative conjunctions. As -- As This Pattern Is Used When You Are Comparing or Linking Two People Or Things, Or Two Situations EXAMPLES: AS EARLY AS AS FAR AS AS LONG AS AS MANY AS AS MUCH AS AS SOON AS AS WELL AS 1A. AS EARLY AS ‘As Early As’ Is Used To Show -- Done Before the Expected, Usual or Planned Time Elections will be held as early as possible. As early as 7:30 a.m. on Sunday, he was surprised to see the policemen. Companies could announce the agreement as early as Tuesday. Given their importance, it makes sense to nurture good values in children as early as possible. I woke up as early as 4 a.m. International sanctions on it could start to be lifted as early as spring next year. We demand that the government acts firmly and culprits are booked as early as possible. The latest refund mechanism facility will help its customers get refunds as early as within 24 hours of returning the product. Our company is looking to invest in Australia as early as next year. Reserve Bank will cut interest rates again, possibly as early as this month. Scores of people visit the beaches of East Coast Road as early as 5 a.m. for their daily exercises. The company is in the process to complete the audit as early as possible and will submit the audited financial results in due course of time. The government planned to overhaul the corporate debt market by pushing all issuance onto an electronic platform as early as November. She could return to China as early as this month, the media reported on Tuesday. She had as early as 1815 directed that the state should settle the entire cost of education of its people. A special report is scheduled to be released as early as this month. The first signs of global warming felt as early as the 1940s. Forecasters predicted national capital could experience sub-zero temperatures as early as next month. Street clearance in the areas surrounding the art museum is scheduled to begin as early as Sunday at 6:00 p.m. This year's flu outbreak can happen as early as October and can last as late as May. Tropical Storm Erika was expected to hit the Southeast as early as Sunday. Government should make sure that the construction of the college starts as early as possible. The police commissioner is all set to complete the probe into the case as early as possible. The Centre today asked the states to take steps in making special courts functional as early as possible. The school principal wanted all files as early as possible. About 100 people lined up outside security barricades as early as 3 a.m.
Author: Manik Joshi Publisher: Manik Joshi ISBN: Category : Language Arts & Disciplines Languages : en Pages : 119
Book Description
This book comprises the following 50 most commonly used words in the English language along with around 3000 sentences that can be used in everyday conversations.: After, Against, All, Around, Away, Back, Before, Call, Carry, Come, Continue, Down, Ever, Fall, Give, Go, Hold, Into, Just, Keep, Lead, Leave, Let, Lie/Lay, Like, Look, Make, Name, Once, Off, On, Out, Over, Pull, Push, Put, Quality, Remain, Run, Set, Since, Stand, Take, Through, Throw, Turn, Up, Upon, Value, Way Sample This: 01 – English Sentences -- After Period (a particular length of time) + After [This Pattern Is Used To Denote “Following Something In Time”] The area was cordoned off an hour after the incident. A picture was released a day after the attack. His statement came 10 days after the police claim. The committee was formed two days after expose. She had gone missing a few days after her husband was kidnapped. He was saved a few days after other members were rescued. That was more than 10 years after we had seen each other last. She received a call soon after at her residence. Soon after being informed by people, the police swung into action. Chopper collided mid-air shortly after take-off from an air base here. The satellite started malfunctioning shortly after its deployment in orbit. People will remember our song long after we are gone. A week after the abducted executive was rescued, the city has been rocked by abduction. Three months after she took over the reins of the state, she fulfilled her poll promises. Two days after she got married, a 22-year-old woman won the prestigious award. Three days after a hundred patients were treated, fifty more were admitted. Noun + After + Noun [This pattern is used to show something happens many times or continuously.] He missed opportunity after opportunity. Our village has been caught in controversy after controversy. You Can Also Use The Following Patterns: One + Noun + After + Another He missed one opportunity after another. Our village has been caught in one controversy after another. The sugar industry at large has faced one pain after another. He indulged in one scam after another. One After The Other He established loyalty with three persons one after the other. Events are taking place one after the other. Many enemies came into his life one after the other. One after the other, the survivors came out, each better than the other. There were false allegations one after the other. Two Events Second Event (Simple Past) + After + First Event (Past Perfect) I returned after he had gone. He came after night had fallen. I reached after the train had already left. Others She named his daughter after Lincoln. The scheme (was) named after the Party founder. Indian NSG was modeled after the UK’s SAS. My dog went after the thief. Surgeries at the hospital resumed pace after the health department deployed a local anesthetist. Passengers said they heard a loud explosion after which the bus hurtled down.
Author: Manik Joshi Publisher: Manik Joshi ISBN: Category : Juvenile Nonfiction Languages : en Pages : 76
Book Description
This Book Covers The Following Topics: 1. What is an “Exclamation”? 2. Exclamatory Sentences 3. Exclamatory Sentences with ‘What’ 4. Exclamatory Sentences with ‘How’ 5. Exclamatory Sentences with So and Such 6. Exclamations in Declarative Sentences 7. Exclamations in Interrogative Sentences 8. Exclamations in Imperative Sentences 9. Detailed List of Interjections 10. Using ‘Common Words’ as Exclamations 11. Useful Exclamatory Phrases/Sentences 12. Other Patterns 13. List of Emotions Shown by Exclamations Exercise: 1 Exercise: 2 Sample This: 1. What is an “Exclamation”? DEFINITION: An exclamation (or interjection) is a short sound, word or phrase which is spoken suddenly to express strong emotion. Or Exclamatory words that can stand alone as a sentence while expressing emotions or reactions are called exclamations (or interjections). An exclamation mark (!) should be written after an exclamation. “Exclamation Mark” is called "Exclamation Point" in American English. There are many exclamatory words (interjections or exclamations) that are often used in daily life. Some of these words express one strong emotion while others express two or more strong emotions. They do not have a grammatical purpose in the sentence and are not associated to the other parts of the sentence. They do not play the role of a subject or a verb. They can stand by themselves, or are placed before, after or in the middle of a sentence to express a strong emotion or feeling. Examples: Exclamatory Word -- Alas! Represents feelings of ‘Sadness, Sorry’ Exclamatory Word -- Um! Represents feeling of ‘Hesitation’ Exclamatory Word -- Yum! Represents feeling of ‘Pleasant Taste or Smell’ You can use exclamations to show the following emotions: admiration, affection, anger, annoyance, anticipation, apathy, approval, attention, awe, confusion, delight, despair, disappointment, disapproval, discontent, dislike, distress, eagerness, elation, enjoyment, excitement, fear, frustration, grief, happiness, humor, hurt, irritation, joy, love, mourning, pain, panic, pleasure, pride, remorse, respect, shame, shock, sorrow, sorry, surprise, sympathy, terror, wonder, etc. IMPORTANT NOTES: (1). Use Of An Exclamation (Interjection) In A Sentence (a). Beginning A Sentence With An Interjection When you begin a sentence with an interjection you can place either a comma (,) or an exclamatory mark (point) (!) after the interjection. Examples: Ah, what a wonderful gift! The comma (,) after an interjection expresses less emotion. Ah! What a wonderful gift! Exclamatory mark (point) (!) after an interjection expresses more emotion. Note: Both sentences have an exclamatory mark at the end. Obviously, both are exclamatory sentences. But the second one is more emphatic. Also note: if you put a comma after an interjection then the next word in the sentence will begin from the small letter but if you put an exclamatory mark after an interjection then the next word in the sentence will begin from a capital letter. Important Note: You can also end the sentence with a period (.) or question mark (?) to show mild emotion. Ah, what a wonderful gift. Ah! What a wonderful gift. Wow, We won. Oh, did you go there? (B). Use Of An Interjection In The Middle Of A Sentence Examples: Hundreds of people, alas, feared killed in a massive landslide. Albert Einstein was born in...er…Germany. You deleted my folder…um…my file! (C). Use Of An Interjection At The End Of A Sentence Example: So got married, huh! What do you think of me, eh?
Author: Manik Joshi Publisher: Manik Joshi ISBN: Category : Education Languages : en Pages : 136
Book Description
This Book Covers The Following Topics: 01 -- ACTIONS 02 -- BUSINESS & ECONOMY 03 -- COURT 04 -- CRIMES 05 -- FIRE 06 -- HEALTH 07 -- KITCHEN 08 -- LOVE 09 -- NATURAL DISASTERS 10 -- PASSING AWAY 11 -- PHONE 12 -- POLITE EXPRESSIONS 13 -- POLITICS 14 -- TIME 15 -- DRIVING 16 -- WEATHER 17 -- MISCELLANEOUS TOPICS Sample This: Daily Use English Sentences -- ACTIONS BEND Bend down a bit. Bend down to feel your ankle. Sit on your heels with your knees bent up close to your body. He bent down to touch her feet. He bent down to pick up his pen. BRING Bring both your palms near your chest. Bring your eyebrows closer together. CLASP Clasp your hand over your head. She clasped the handle of the cooker. She clasped her daughter in her arms. CLENCH His fists clenched into a ball. He clenched his teeth. She clenched her jaws. FALL He fell flat at the feet of her. Her hair fell over her shoulders. FACE She soon stood up facing him. She was buried face down. He turned and faced them. Stand with your hand facing upwards. Lie on the ground facing downwards. Lie on your front with your face looking downwards. FOLD Fold your hands and look heavenwards. His arms were folded across his chest. They pleaded with folded hands. KEEP Keep your right palm on your cheeks. Keep both your palms apart. Keep the elbow joint straight. Keep your eyes wide open. Keep your elbows close to your body. Keep your eyes shut. KNEEL Kneel down to take pictures of children and pets. He knelt down on the ground. He knelt down and kissed the turf and then stood up. LIFT Walk on, without lifting your head. She lifted her arms above her head. She lifted her eyebrows. Lift your right hand to your right shoulder. She lifted his hand to stroke her face. LOOK He was looking at me up and down. Don’t look at her. LOWER Lower your head to get through the door. She demurely lowered her eyes to the ground. I lowered my head and didn’t look up till the bell rang. MOVE Move your fingers. Don’t move around in the class. Move your right palm right to left. Move your head in the right direction. He moved his head up and down. Move your hand up and down my back. Move your arm from side to side. NOD He nodded his head sagely. I nodded in agreement. She quietly nodded her assent. She nodded knowingly upon mention. PAT Don’t pat your stomach. She gave a pat on his head. She pats his back to help him breathe. PEEP The man peeped from behind a wall. They peeped inside the house through an open window. PINCH Don’t pinch me. He pinched her fingers lightly into her eyes. She gave her son a pinch on his face to wake him up. Pinch the nostrils together. PLACE Place your fingers under your nose to stimulate a mustache. He placed his hand on his son’s head. POINT He pointed his finger in her direction. They pointed at my photo in the album. Point out at him in front of you with your right index finger. PULL He pulled her around to face him. He started pulling strange faces. He pulled his foot out of the shoe. They pulled him into the car and drove off. He took her arm and pulled her along. She pulled me closer. PUSH They pushed away a watchman. He was pushed around. They pushed their face towards him. PUT Put both your palms near your face. Put your arm around your waist. Put your hand on your lips. He put his arm on the seat behind her shoulder. He put his arms around her.
Author: Manik Joshi
Author: Manik Joshi
Author: Phil Williams
Author: Manik Joshi
Author: Manik Joshi
Author: Manik Joshi
Author: Manik Joshi
Author: Manik Joshi
Author: Manik Joshi
Author: Manik Joshi